Callus induction of mountain papaya endosperm (Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC) with different combination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Kinetin

Endosperm as a result of double fertilization in Angiospermae shows high level chromosomes and polyploidy. It is also considered as dead tissue that unable to be generated to form plantlet. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of kinetin and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in induction of callus formation of mountain papaya. This research used A factorial randomized block design with 18 groups, 1 fruit was used for 1 experimental group. Culture using Murashige and Skog (MS) media with combination of three level of kinetin (0, 2, 4 mgL-1) and six level of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mgL-1). Maximum endosperm callus induction (0.88%) was achieved from endosperm explant cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mgL-1 Kinetin and 4.0 mgL-1 2,4-D. The fastest day induction (24,66 day) was observed with 5.0 mg L-1 2,4-D. The maximum number of browning (0,10) was induced by 2.0 mgL-1 Kinetin and 5.0 mgL-1 2,4-D. Combination Kinetin and 2,4-D proved could induces callus formation from mountain papaya endosperm.

PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MALATYADI TAILA

Analytical study of Ayurvedic preparations is the need of the present scientific era. Though the Ayurvedic drugs are time tested and have been used successfully in the management of various ailments it is now necessary to prove their quality, efficacy and safety to the scientific world through various modern analytical parameters. The Sneha Kalpa is par excellent to other dosage forms due to their wider advantages like increased absorption and extraction of fat-soluble active principles Sneha Kalpa is the only dosage form that can be administered conveniently both internally as well as externally. Malatyadi Taila is an important herbal formulation mentioned in Chakradutta for the management of the disease Darunaka. Dandruff is an irritative disease of the scalp in which shedding of dead tissue from the scalp with itching sensation is the cardinal feature. It can be correlated to Darunaka the cardinal symptoms of the disease Darunaka are Kandu (itching), Kesha Chyuti (falling of hair), Swapa (abnormalities of touch sensation), Rukshata (roughness or dryness of the skin) and Twak Sputana (breaking or cracking of the skin). Chakradutta has mentioned the application of Malatyadi Taila in the treatment of Darunaka. An attempt has been made in the present study to prepare Malatyadi Taila and standardise it through analytical parameters like organoleptic properties, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, loss on drying for developing standards. All the parameters were found to be good and within the standards. Keywords: analytical standardization, Malatyadi Taila, saponification value, HPTLC.

ROLE OF PANCHKARMA THERAPY IN MANAGEMENT OF DARUNAKA (SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS) - A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Dandruff is a common scalp ailment that causes flaking of the skin. It is neither communicable nor dangerous. It can, however, be humiliating and difficult to treat. Darunaka is a Kapalagataroga, but Acharya Sushruta described it as a Kshudraroga due to the vitiation of Vata and Kapha Doshas, with symptoms such as Kandu (itching on the scalp), Keshachyuti (hair loss), Swapa (abnormalities of touch sensation on the scalp), Rookshata (roughness or dryness of the scalp), and Twaksphutana (breaking or cracking of the scalp skin). Seborrheic Dermatitis is an irri- tative scalp illness characterized by the shedding of dead tissue from the scalp, as well as an itchy sensation. Seb- orrheic Dermatitis affects roughly 4% of the population, while dandruff (mild seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp) affects about half of all adults, according to studies. It can begin at any point after puberty and is more common in men. It might lead to social and self-esteem issues. A 25-year-old male patient from Jodhpur came to OPD of Panchakarma, with a chief complaint of Shira Kandu (itching on the scalp), Rukshata (dryness on the scalp), Twak- sphutana (cracks in the skin) and Keshachyuti (hair fall). In this case, Ayurvedic formulations and Panchakarma therapy gave the patient till 30 days. The improvement provided by the therapy was assessed based on signs and symptoms before and after the treatment, The therapy's effectiveness was determined by comparing signs and symp- toms before and after treatment. For evaluating signs and symptoms, a unique scoring scheme was created. Themedicine was proven to be both safe and effective at treating signs and symptoms as well as enhancing the general health of the scalp. Keywords: Darunaka, Shirodhara, Shiro basti, Seborrheic dermatitis

Improving Maggot Therapy: Mass Rearing And Molecular Identification of Lucilia Sericata (Meigen, 1826) Larvae In Maggotarium, School of Health, Shiraz

Background: Lucilia sericata as a member of the family Caliphoridae has a complete metamorphosis. They feed on on necrotic and livingtissues as necrophage species. Sterile larvae of this species has been utilized to heal wounds for decades. The aim of this study were to establish the breeding and identifying of the L.sericata species based on morphological and molecular techniques. Freshly harvested grown under standard conditions in the maggotarium of Health School , Shiraz of. They were screened using conventional morphology, then Primarily, different parameters related to larvae were measured morphologically. Subsequently, DNA was extracted and molecular marker of cytochrome C oxidase (co1) was amplified using PCR assay and sequence data were used for molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Result: In this study, 50 samples which grown collected from maggotarium were identified as L. sericata using morphological and molecular methods. This species was placed in a separate clade of the phylogenetic tree based on COI nucleotide sequences of different species and has a phylogenetic similarity to Lucilia purpurascens species of flies. Conclusion: Larval therapy especially by Lucilia sericata is a promising strategy in wound healing. Due to the importance of larval species in this technique, having an accurate knowledge of aplicable species leads to a proper larval therapy. Increasing in resistance of wounds to antibiotics has led to the use of maggot therapy in the past. Larval therapy is a low-cost, non-surgical way to remove dead tissue (predecessors and necrosis) in chronic wounds and prevents excessive soft tissue damage and infection from reaching the underlying tissues and bones (osteomyelitis). Maggot therapy is a promising way to prevent amputation, especially in people with diabetes.

Health professionals' perceptions of maggot debridement therapy

Background: Maggot debridement therapy (MDT), or the use of maggots in dead tissue removal, has been shown to be beneficial in wound healing. Yet MDT in the US is often only used once conventional debridement methods have failed. Method: In this study, nine health professionals, experienced in MDT, were interviewed in order to identify and analyse the perceived societal barriers to MDT acceptance and usage in the US. Results: Through qualitative analysis, using the grounded theory framework, this study found that among those interviewed, insurance reimbursement restrictions and stigmatisation of medicinal maggots were the factors driving resistance to MDT use. Conclusion: Specifically, the ‘yuck’ factor and the perception of MDT as an ‘ancient’ modality contributed towards MDT stigma; in addition, lack of outpatient insurance coverage deterred MDT use. These findings provide useful information regarding the perceptual and systemic barriers that prevent greater acceptance of MDT. Ultimately, these barriers must be understood if we are to facilitate MDT implementation and improve MDT usage in the future.

Vulvo-vaginal myiasis among rural women in West Bengal, India

Myiasis, the infestation of living or dead tissue of vertebrates by larvae (maggots) of dipterous flies, is well-known in the medical field. Different parts of the human body, such as skin, oral, nasal, urogenital are affected and named accordingly. The present study was a clinic-entomological study where the women having vulvo-vaginal myiasis were included. Maggots were collected, cultured, and adult flies were identified. A total of 34 cases of vulvo-vaginal myiasis were treated. The larvae of 29 cases were cultured into adults. Most of the women are rural (94%), illiterate and from a low socioeconomic society. The authors specified the infested sites of vulva and vagina such as vaginal, labia, clitoris, episiotomy wound, vulval growth, and prolapsed uterus. The episiotomy wound (32%) is the most common infestation site, followed by the vagina (26%). Chrysomya bezziana (76%) and Chrysomya megacephala (24%) are the identified flies. Illiterate, rural puerperal mothers of low socioeconomic status without proper health education and basic hygiene knowledge are vulnerable to myiasis.

Herbs used in treatment of mouth ulcer- a review

The traditional medical study is an integral part of the culture and the perception of health by indigenous population in almost world since primordial times. India has used its knowledge of traditional or herbal medicine to prevent and cure diseases. As herbal medicine have fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic medicine they are getting increase patient compliance against allopathic medicines. Oral ulcers are very common ailment of the oral mucosal membrane. An open sore of the skin or mucus membrane lining marked by sloughing of inflamed dead tissue is known as a mouth ulcer. In this article we discuss on the topic “herbal gel for the treatment of mouth ulcer”. There is a list of herbs which contain flavonoids which are most commonly used for the treatment.

Traditional Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Non-Healing, Chronic Diabetic Ulcer – A Case Report

Diabetic ulcer is an outcome of the combined effect of diabetes related vascular disease and neuropathy. 1 People prone to diabetes mellitus across the world were estimated to be 131 million in 2000; it is expected to increase to 366 million by 2030. 2 According to several studies, about 25 - 50 % of diabetic patients receive instantaneous amputation at the first visit due to the infection. 3 Slight injury to glucose laden tissue will cause infection which is progressed by an ulcer and it tends to a state of non-healing which has been shown to precede amputation up to 85 % of cases. 4,5 Diabetic ulcer management in the contemporary science includes drainage of pus, debridement of dead tissue, local amputation of necrotic digits and antibiotics.6 Siddha system of medicine also has 64 unique categories of internal and external medicines including 32 in each. 7 Both these ends have their own strengths and limitations too. Though treating a non-healing diabetic ulcer is a very big challenge in the current scenario, an integrated approach will give a light on the path of successful management. P

Targeting Inflammation after Myocardial Infarction: A Therapeutic Opportunity for Extracellular Vesicles?

After myocardial infarction (MI), a strong inflammatory response takes place in the heart to remove the dead tissue resulting from ischemic injury. A growing body of evidence suggests that timely resolution of this inflammatory process may aid in the prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure post-MI. The present challenge is to find a way to stimulate this process without interfering with the reparative role of the immune system. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membrane particles that are released by cells and carry different macromolecules, including proteins and non-coding RNAs. In recent years, EVs derived from various stem and progenitor cells have been demonstrated to possess regenerative properties. They can provide cardioprotection via several mechanisms of action, including immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the role of the innate immune system in post-MI healing. We then discuss the mechanisms by which EVs modulate cardiac inflammation in preclinical models of myocardial injury through regulation of monocyte influx and macrophage function. Finally, we provide suggestions for further optimization of EV-based therapy to improve its potential for the treatment of MI.