scholarly journals Changes in intragastric meal distribution are better predictors of gastric emptying rate in conscious pigs than are meal viscosity or dietary fibre concentration

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guerin ◽  
Y. Ramonet ◽  
J. LeCloarec ◽  
M. C. Meunier-Salaün ◽  
P. Bourguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Distal Stomach ◽  
Scintigraphic Imaging ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Beet Pulp

The effect of dietary fibre on the gastric emptying rate of solids is controversial. Similarly, the mechanisms by which it modulates food intake are partially unknown. Gastric emptying and proximalv.distal stomach filling were evaluated in triplicate on four conscious pigs using scintigraphic imaging. Each animal received in an isoenergetic manner a concentrate low-fibre diet enriched in starch (S) and two high-fibre diets based on sugar beet pulp (BP) or wheat bran (WB). All meals had the same viscosity before ingestion (100.0–100.5 Pa.s). Viscosity of the gastric contents was measured in four additional animals fitted with a gastric cannula. The gastric emptying rate of BP diet was significantly slower than S and WB diets (t1/278.4 (SEM 5.68), 62.8 (sem 10.01) and 111.6 (sem 10.82) min for S, WB and BP diets respectively,P<0.05). For BP diet only, rate of distal stomach filling was steady during the first 120 min after the meal whereas that of S and WB diets decreased in an exponential manner. Numerous backflow episodes from the distal into the proximal stomach were observed for BP diet that generated the larger intragastric viscosity (0.26 (sem 0.03), 0.3 (sem 0.02) and 0.52 (sem 0.002) Pa.s for S, WB and BP respectively). In conclusion, viscosity of the meal or the percentage total fibre, unlike viscosity of the gastric contents, are poor predictors for emptying. The reduced emptying rate observed with BP is associated with major changes in intragastric distribution of the meal absent with WB and S diets.

The effects of dietary fibre, lactose and antibiotic on the levels of skatole and indole in faeces and subcutaneous fat in growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hawe ◽  
N. Walker ◽  
B. W. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractThe effects on the production of indoles of dietary fibre, lactose and antibiotic were examined in a factorial design using 16 crossbred pigs (eight boars and eight gilts) from 40 to 90 kg live weight. The control diet was based on wheat and soya-bean meal which was partially replaced either by sugar-beet pulp (400 mg/g) or lactose (25 mg/g) or both. All diets were offered with or without the antibiotic tylosin phosphate (200 mg/kg diet). Animals were penned individually and the diet restricted to provide 1·3 M] digestible energy per kg M0·75. All faeces were collected for two 4-day periods at about 60 and 75 kg live weight. Animals were slaughtered on completion of the experiment and subcutaneous fat was sampled. Faeces and carcass fat were analysed for skatole and indole. There were no significant effects of treatments on growth rate but killing-out proportion was reduced (P< 0·05) on fibre or lactose diets with an additive effect (P< 0·001) of the combined ingredients. Dietary fibre significantly increased the daily elimination of skatole and indole and the concentration of indole in faeces but because of greater faecal bulk on the fibre diet the concentration of skatole in faecal dry matter was higher (P< 0·05) on the control diet. Dietary lactose had no effect on indole in faeces but significantly reduced the concentration and daily output of skatole. Levels of both skatole and indole in faeces tended to be reduced with dietary antibiotic which had a significant interaction with the fibre treatment on indole levels. The concentrations of skatole or indole in subcutaneous fat were neither affected by dietary treatment nor significantly correlated with concentrations or outputs in faeces.

Oocyte maturation and embryo survival in nulliparous female pigs (gilts) is improved by feeding a lupin-based high-fibre diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Weaver ◽  
J. M. Kelly ◽  
K. L. Kind ◽  
K. L. Gatford ◽  
D. J. Kennaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Nulliparous Female

Inclusion of high levels of the high-fibre ingredient sugar-beet pulp in pre-mating diets has been shown to increase gonadotrophin concentrations and improve oocyte quality in nulliparous pigs (gilts). This study evaluated the effects of two alternative fibre sources on reproductive performance in gilts. Gilts received one of three diets from 3 weeks before puberty stimulation until Day 19 of the first oestrous cycle: control (39 g kg–1 fibre), bran (500 g kg–1 wheat bran, 65 g kg–1 fibre) or lupin (350 g kg–1 lupin, 118 g kg–1 crude fibre). Diet did not affect circulating LH concentrations or ovarian follicle size. However, a higher percentage of oocytes collected from lupin-supplemented gilts reached metaphase II in vitro compared with those collected from bran-fed or control gilts (89 ± 5% versus 72 ± 5% and 66 ± 5%, respectively; P < 0.05). Furthermore, in a second experiment, gilts fed the same lupin-based diet before mating had improved embryo survival (92 ± 5%) on Day 28 after mating compared with control gilts (76 ± 4%; P < 0.05). Therefore, feeding a high-fibre diet before mating can improve oocyte quality in gilts without changes in circulating LH, but this effect is dependent on the fibre source.

The performance of group-housed sows offered a high fibre diet ad libitum

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Whittaker ◽  
S. A. Edwards ◽  
H. A. M. Spoolder ◽  
S. Corning ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractAs a part of a study investigating the extent to which ad libitum feeding of a high fibre diet could mitigate behavioural problems associated with food restriction, the performance of sows given food at restricted or ad libitum levels was compared. Ten subgroups of five were allocated to each of the restricted (R) and ad libitum (A) feeding regimes. Five weeks after service, subgroups were introduced into one of two dynamic groups of sows housed in adjacent straw-bedded pens. R sows received a fixed daily ration (parity 1: 2·2 kg; parity 2: 2·4 kg) of a conventional pregnancy diet (13·1 MJ digestible energy per kg) from an electronic sow feeder. Sows on the A regime had unrestricted access to five single-space hoppers dispensing a high fibre diet (containing 600 g unmolassed sugar beet pulp per kg). Subgroups were maintained on these gestation feeding regimes for two consecutive parities. During both parities, A sows were heavier by day 50 of gestation (parity 1: P < 0·05; parity 2: P < 0·01) and at farrowing (parity 1: P < 0·001; parity 2: P < 0·001) than R sows. No difference was found between feeding regime in sow weight at weaning, due to a greater weight loss during lactation of A (parity 1: P < 0·001; parity 2: P < 0·001) than R sows. No difference was found between feeding regime in sow backfat thickness, sow reproductive performance or litter performance in either parity. This suggests that unmolassed sugar beet pulp diets may be used to feed sows on an ad libitum basis during gestation without compromising productivity. However, food intakes may be too high (estimated at 4·1 kg per sow per day) to make ad libitum feeding of pregnant sows an attractive option for producers.

The effects of feeding diets containing molassed sugar beet feed during pregnancy and lactation on sow performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
R.M. Kay ◽  
P.H. Simmins ◽  
J.I. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
By Products

There has been an increasing interest in recent years in the feeding of bulky, high fibre diets to sows for both economic and animal welfare reasons. The potential of the pregnant sow to utilise sugar beet pulp, a highly digestible, high fibre by-product has previously been investigated (Close et al 1990, Edwards et al 1990). However, in both these investigations, the feeding of the high fibre diet was restricted to the pregnant sow and conventional diets were fed throughout lactation. The main objective of this trial was to assess the effect of substituting cereal and cereal by-products with molassed sugar beet feed (SBF) throughout pregnancy and lactation, on the condition and performance of both gilts and adult sows.

The effects of dietary fibre and starch concentrations on the response by dairy cows to body condition at calving

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
G. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acid Determination

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary fibre and starch levels on the response to condition score at calving. Fifty-two cows were used over two winter feeding periods, with 24 and 28 different cows in each. Twelve weeks before their expected calving date, cows were paired and the level of feeding adjusted to attain mean condition scores at calving of 2·0 (T) and 3·5 (F) within pairs. At calving, pairs of cows were allocated to treatment HF or LF, giving four groups in total. Each day for the first 16 weeks of lactation, all cows were offered 10 kg dairy concentrate containing either high-fibre/low-starch (FHF and THF), or low-fibre/high-starch (FLF and TLF), 2 kg sugar-beet pulp and hay ad libitum. Two cows from each group were used to determine apparent digestibility of the whole diet each year, using chromium III oxide as a faecal marker. Eight steers were used to determine the degradabilities of dry matter, nitrogen and fibre in the two concentrates and to provide rumen fluid samples for volatile fatty acid determination.

Ingestion, gastric fill, and gastric emptying before and after withdrawal of gastric contents

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1257-R1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Kaplan ◽  
William Siemers ◽  
Harvey J. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Do So

The notion that satiation signals are derived from the stomach with no additional contribution of postgastric sources (J. A. Deutsch. In: Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience. Food and Water Intake. 1990, vol. 10, p. 151–182) was evaluated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the gastric contents were withdrawn after the rat met the satiety criterion for an initial intraoral intake test (12.5% glucose delivered at 1.0 ml/min). Ten minutes later, the intraoral infusion was continued until the rat again met the satiety criterion. We found that rats reingested an amount closely corresponding to the amount withdrawn, in agreement with previous studies using spout-licking tests. Despite a lower gastric emptying rate during reingestion than during the initial test, the amount recovered from the stomach (both volume and solute content) after reingestion was significantly less (gastric volume 16% less; gastric glucose 18% less) than that withdrawn initially. In experiment 2, a portion (8 ml) of the gastric contents was removed after the end of an initial intraoral intake test and, after 10 min, rats were again given an opportunity to ingest to satiety. The procedure was repeated for a total of three withdrawals (24 ml) and three reingestion opportunities. Rats accurately replaced the amounts withdrawn such that net intake at the end of the experiment did not differ from that ingested during the initial test. In addition, the amount recovered from the stomach after the terminal test was considerably less (gastric volume 25% less; gastric glucose 29% less) than that recovered at the end of single-test control sessions. Both experiments show that gastric feedback cannot alone account for the termination of intraoral intake. The results suggest that rats defend total intake and do so via the integration of signals derived from postgastric as well as gastric sources. stomach; satiation Submitted on November 15, 1993 Accepted on May 12, 1994

scholarly journals Effect of fibre level, particle size and adaptation period on digestibility and rate of passage as measured at the ileum and in the faeces in the adult rabbit

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gidenne
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

The use of specific methods other than gravimetric ones to analyse fibre permitted a more precise study of the degradation of cell wall (CW) in the digestive tract. Digesta flow and rate of passage measurements have not been assessed previously in rabbits to investigate fibre digestion and fibre effects simultaneously in the proximal and in the distal segments of the tract. The effect of the level of dietary fibre on ileal and overall digestibility and rate of passage were studied by comparing semi-purified diets containing only one source of CW (dehydrated lucerne (Medicago sativa) meal) given to adult female rabbits. The effect of fibre particle size and adaptation period were also investigated. Measurements of fibre composition using both colorimetric and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques, showed that large amounts of (CW) were degraded in the caecocolic segments. Increasing dietary fibre level reduced the rate of passage but fibre degradation was increased, at the same time a lower digestive efficiency for energy in the small intestine was found. A small quantity of CW was apparently degraded before the caecum, assuming that the water-soluble fraction of CW was essentially implicated. Grinding lucerne meal through a 1 mm instead of a 3 mm screen did not improve CW digestibility in spite of a longer rate of passage in the caeco-colic segments. Adaptation to a high-fibre diet resulted in an higher digestive volume for colon and caecum, related to an improved degradation of CW. Furthermore, digestive efficiency in the small intestine appeared higher for rabbits adapted to a high-fibre diet than that for rabbits initially fed on a low-fibre diet.

Abstract 62: Dietary Fibre Attenuates Hypertension By Reducing Macrophage Infiltration Via Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite-Sensing Receptors

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikeish R Muralitharan ◽  
Evany Dinakis ◽  
Chudan Xu ◽  
Liang Xie ◽  
Hamdi Jama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

High dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota, resulting in the release of metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Both fibre and SCFAs can reduce high blood pressure (BP) and its associated cardio-renal complications. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. SCFAs can be detected by metabolite-sensing receptors GPR41 and GPR43, highly expressed by immune cells such as macrophages. We hypothesised that dietary fibre attenuates hypertension by modulating renal macrophage infiltration via metabolite-sensing receptors GPR41 and GPR43. To test this, we developed a novel GPR41/GPR43 double knockout (DKO) mice and characterised the cardiovascular and immune phenotype in both sham and angiotensin-II (Ang-II, 0.5mg/kg/day) treated DKO and wild-type (WT) mice (n=7-12 per group). WT Ang-II mice fed a high-fibre diet had significantly lower renal galectin-3 (p=0.0004), a macrophage marker, compared to WT Ang-II mice fed a low-fibre diet. Sham DKO mice on standard chow diet had no difference in BP or heart function but had higher kidney/tibia length index (p=0.049) and renal fibrosis levels compared to WT mice (p=0.004). Moreover, untreated DKO mice had higher numbers of renal macrophages compared to WT mice (p=0.002). Ang-II infusion of DKO mice resulted in higher BP (p<0.0001), renal fibrosis (p=0.007), and mortality (hazard ratio=5.6) compared to WT mice. In the gut, we found significant inflammatory changes, gut barrier integrity disruption, gut microbiota and metabolome changes (all p<0.05). We also found evidence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation from the gut into the circulation of DKO mice. In conclusion, we show that a high-fibre diet attenuates hypertension by modulating renal macrophages via the gut microbiota-derived metabolite-sensing GPR41 and GPR43 receptors. These receptors can be targeted as a novel treatment for hypertension.

High Fibre Diets and Irritable Bowel Syndrome — The Role of the Dietitian

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Lowell ◽  
V. Morrison ◽  
C.K.W. Lai ◽  
C.C. Khin ◽  
N.A.G. Mowat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Irritable Bowel

A high fibre diet is commonly used in Britain in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),1 although the efficacy of dietary fibre and of professional dietetic advice is not proven. This study was designed to assess whether the intake of dietary fibre could be related to the time spent receiving dietary advice.

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