Nutrition and maternal morbidity and mortality

Nearly 600 000 women die every year from pregnancy related conditions and the maternal mortality rates (MMR = deaths per 100 000 live births) in developing countries may be as high as 1000 compared with less than ten in industrialised countries. In the light of the striking impact of deficiencies of micronutrients such as vitamin A and zinc on immune function, morbidity and mortality in children it seems reasonable to suggest that such deficiencies might play a contributing role in the high rates of morbidity and mortality in mothers. Hitherto, there has been rather little published on the contribution of malnutrition to maternal morbidity or mortality but recent results of micronutrient supplementation show a major effect of vitamin A or beta carotene supplementation on maternal mortality in Nepal and an impressive effect of a multiple micronutrient mixture on pregnancy outcome in Tanzania. There is now data showing that subclinical mastitis, a potential risk factor for mother to child transmission of HIV by increasing levels of virus in breast milk, is influenced by maternal diet in Tanzania and feeding patterns in South Africa. Considering the massive tragedy of maternal mortality the recent data provides opportunities for new, innovative nutritional interventions for the reduction of the global burden of maternal morbidity and mortality.

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Obstetric Hemorrhage, its role in maternal morbidity and mortality and the importance of its diagnosis, prevention and timely management

Mexican Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.29057/mjmr.v8i15.3906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (15) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Ixchel Suyapa Reyes Espinoza

Keyword(s):

Maternal Mortality ◽

Latin American ◽

Maternal Morbidity ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

World Health ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Anesthetic Care ◽

Obstetric Haemorrhage ◽

Maternal Morbidity And Mortality

Background: In recent years, different international and national campaigns have been implemented to combat obstetric haemorrhage. Maternal mortality (MM) is one of the main concerns of public health and represents a good indicator to measure the quality of care, an indicator that also allows to establish the socioeconomic differences between countries. There are still many activities to be carried out and achieve the objective set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Latin American Federation of Societies in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FLASOG) "Zero deaths due to haemorrhage". Objective: Based on the scientific evidence available, deepen the knowledge of the role of obstetric haemorrhage as the main avoidable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Methodology: retrospective study through the search of original articles and systematic reviews in: Elsevier, Lancet, Intramed, PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library. The following keywords were used for all sites: "Obstetric haemorrhage", "Maternal mortality and obstetric haemorrhage", "Maternal morbidity and obstetric haemorrhage", "Postpartum, late, secondary haemorrhage". The items with the highest level of evidence were selected. Conclusions: Obstetric haemorrhage is still a potential cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Its appearance at any time of pregnancy is a cause for concern and alarm. Despite advances in obstetric and anesthetic care, its treatment remains a challenge for the surgical team, anesthesiologist, gynaecologist and Pediatrician.

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Hubungan Kadar Albumin Serum dengan Morbiditas dan Mortalitas Maternal Pasien Preeklampsia Berat dan Eklampsia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i2.293 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yunike Veronika ◽

Joserizal Resudji ◽

Susila Sastri

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Maternal Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Severe Preeclampsia ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Morbidity And Mortality

AbstrakPreeklampsia dan eklampsia merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan bayi di dunia, dimana terjadi penurunan albumin serum (hipoalbuminemia) sehingga tekanan hipovolemik intravaskular berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar albumin serum dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal pasien preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional retrospektif dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh data rekam medis pasien preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2012 – Desember 2012. Sampel ditetapkan dengan teknik total sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel sebanyak 133 kasus. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara komputerisasi dan analisis dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka kejadian morbiditas maternal adalah 33,8%, mortalitas maternal 3,8% dan 3,8% pasien dengan hipoalbuminemia. Dari hasil analisis, tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar albumin serum dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal pasien preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia, dimana nilai p=1 untuk hubungan kadar albumin serum dengan morbiditas maternal dan p=0,177 untuk hubungan kadar albumin serum dengan mortalitas maternal pasien preeklampsia berat dan eklampsia (p>0,05).Kata kunci: preeklampsia berat, eklampsia, albumin serum AbstractPreeclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the world, in which serum albumin decreases (hypoalbuminemia) so hypovolemic intravascular pressure will be reduced. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between serum albumin levels and maternal morbidity and mortality of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patients. A retrospective observational analytical research was conducted with a cross sectional study design. The study population was the entire medical records of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patients in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, period January 2012 – December 2012. The sample was determined by total sampling technique which obtained a sample of 133 cases. Data processing was computerized and analyzed by chi-square test. The incidence of maternal morbidity was 33.8%, maternal mortality was 3.8%, and 3.8% patients were with hypoalbuminemia. The analysis result obtained there was no significant correlation between serum albumin levels and maternal morbidity and mortality of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patients, in which p=1 for serum albumin levels correlation with maternal morbidity and p=0.177 for serum albumin levels correlation with maternal mortality of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patients (p>0.05).Keywords: severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, serum albumin

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Cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy and delivery

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1312507s ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (11-12) ◽

pp. 507-513

Author(s):

Zoran Stajic ◽

Zdravko Mijailovic ◽

Mirjana Bogavac ◽

Biljana Lazovic ◽

Maja Stojanovic

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Maternal Morbidity ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Circulating Blood Volume ◽

Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽

In Pregnancy

Introduction. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the current obstetric practice. Physiologically Adapted Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy. It is normal that during pregnancy some physiological adaptive changes of the cardiovascular system occur and they may contribute to the deterioration of the clinical cardiac status of a patient with preexisting or acquired cardiovascular disease. The most prominent adaptive mechanisms include the increase of circulating blood volume, decrease of peripheral vascular resistance and decrease of plasma colloid-oncotic pressure. Most Frequent Diseases of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy. Due to these changes, pregnant women are prone to tachycardia, palpitations and peripheral edema. Maternal counseling is obligatory for each pregnant woman in order to decrease the maternal morbidity and mortality. The most important predictors of maternal mortality for pregnant women with cardiovascular diseases are severity of pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic significance of valvular lesion, cyanosis and functional status in heart failure. Cardiovascular diseases in pregnant women may be congenital or acquired. The most frequent congenital cardiac diseases are atrial and ventricular septal defects as well as persistent ductus arteriosus. These diseases are mainly diagnosed and corrected before the pregnancy, or left untreated if hemodynamically insignificant. The most frequent acquired cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy include arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic mitral stenosis and insufficiency, arterial hypertension and aortic dissection. Conclusion. In all cases of pregnancy associated with cardiovascular diseases, early recognition of cardiovascular disease is crucial, as well as correct diagnosis and referral to a tertiary centre equipped for a multidisciplinary approach of specialists experienced in high-risk pregnancies and deliveries in order to prevent maternal mortality.

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