scholarly journals The ingestion of saturated fatty acid triacylglycerols acutely affects insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in human subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melania Manco ◽  
Alessandro Bertuzzi ◽  
Serenella Salinari ◽  
Antonino Scarfone ◽  
Menotti Calvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Insulin Secretion Rate ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake

To assess the effects of acute dietary saturated fat intake on glucose-induced insulin secretion rate (ISR), measured by the C-peptide deconvolution method, and on insulin clearance and sensitivity, five obese and five normal-weight women (controls) were studied after either a 100g oral butter load or a 100ml water load. At 120min after the oral load a hyperglycaemic clamp was performed over 180min. A dramatic increase of ISR occurred after butter compared with the water challenge in the controls (1305·6 (SE 124·1) v. 616·1 (SE 52·5) pmol/min; P<0·01) and to a lesser degree in the obese subjects (1975·0 (SE 44·1) v. 1417·5 (SE 56·0) pmol/min; P<0·05). Insulin sensitivity was impaired after butter (0·60×10−2 (SE 0·11×10−2) v. 2·26×10−2 (SE 0·32×10−2) ml/min per kgFFM per (pmol/l); P<0·01) in the controls but not in the obese group. Insulin clearance during the clamp was reduced after butter compared with after the water load only in the controls (0·89 (SE 0·22) v. 1·70 (SE 0·15) litres/min; P<0·01). The data are consistent with the hypothesis that acute excess lipid availability may lead to a compensatory elevation in glucose-induced insulin secretion as a result of the decline in insulin sensitivity and a reduced insulin clearance.

scholarly journals Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Lubaczeuski ◽  
Luciana Mateus Gonçalves ◽  
Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi ◽  
Mirian Ayumi Kurauti ◽  
Junia Carolina Santos-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Low Protein

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.

scholarly journals Relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion rate: not necessarily hyperbolic

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kim ◽  
A. Silvers ◽  
J. Viren ◽  
G. M. Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Insulin Secretion Rate

The perilipin 2 (PLIN2) gene Ser251Pro missense mutation is associated with reduced insulin secretion and increased insulin sensitivity in Italian obese subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Sentinelli ◽  
Danila Capoccia ◽  
Michela Incani ◽  
Laura Bertoccini ◽  
Anna Severino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Perilipin 2

scholarly journals Cafeteria diet inhibits insulin clearance by reduced insulin-degrading enzyme expression and mRNA splicing

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Brandimarti ◽  
J M Costa-Júnior ◽  
S M Ferreira ◽  
A O Protzek ◽  
G J Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Insulin clearance plays a major role in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in physiological and/or pathological conditions, such as obesity-induced type 2 diabetes as well as diet-induced obesity. The aim of the present work was to evaluate cafeteria diet-induced obesity-induced changes in insulin clearance and to explain the mechanisms underlying these possible changes. Female Swiss mice were fed either a standard chow diet (CTL) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 8 weeks, after which we performed glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, insulin dynamics, and insulin clearance tests. We then isolated pancreatic islets for ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as liver, gastrocnemius, visceral adipose tissue, and hypothalamus for subsequent protein analysis by western blot and determination of mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR. The cafeteria diet induced insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and increased insulin secretion and total insulin content. More importantly, mice that were fed a cafeteria diet demonstrated reduced insulin clearance and decay rate as well as reduced insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) protein and mRNA levels in liver and skeletal muscle compared with the control animals. Furthermore, the cafeteria diet reduced IDE expression and alternative splicing in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice. In conclusion, a cafeteria diet impairs glucose homeostasis by reducing insulin sensitivity, but it also reduces insulin clearance by reducing IDE expression and alternative splicing in mouse liver; however, whether this mechanism contributes to the glucose intolerance or helps to ameliorate it remains unclear.

Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness in obese subjects: A minimal model analysis

Metabolism ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataru Taniguchi ◽  
Yoshikatu Nakai ◽  
Kentaro Doi ◽  
Hiroaki Fukuzawa ◽  
Mitsuo Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Minimal Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Obese Subjects

scholarly journals Salicylates Increase Insulin Secretion in Healthy Obese Subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 2523-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Manuel Fernández-Real ◽  
Abel López-Bermejo ◽  
Ana-Belén Ropero ◽  
Sandra Piquer ◽  
Angel Nadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Healthy Obese

Abstract Context: Conflicting results on the effects of salicylates on glucose tolerance in subjects with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes have been reported. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a salicylate derivative (triflusal) on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with three treatment periods corresponding to two dose levels of triflusal and placebo in healthy obese subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, evaluated through frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test that was performed after each treatment period, were measured. Insulin secretion was also evaluated in vitro in mice and human islets of Langerhans. Results: The administration of triflusal led to decreased fasting serum glucose concentration in the study subjects. Insulin sensitivity did not significantly change after each treatment period. Insulin secretion, however, significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion after each triflusal treatment period. The administration of 800 μm of the main triflusal metabolite to whole mice islets of Langerhans led to a sustained increase in intracellular calcium concentration level. This was followed by a significantly increase in insulin secretion. In human islets, 200 μm of 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid was sufficient to increase insulin release. Conclusions: The administration of a salicylate compound led to lowering of serum glucose concentration. We suggest that this effect was mediated through increased insulin secretion induced by salicylate directly on the β-cell.

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