Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Abandoned Farmland ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract E. fosbergii is a cosmopolitan annual herb included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). It is fast-growing, with the capacity to grow as a weed and colonize disturbed areas, waste ground, gardens, abandoned farmland, coastal forests, forest edges, pastures, roadsides, rocky areas, and riverbanks (Wagner et al., 1999; Vibrans, 2011; Pruski 2014). It produces large amounts of wind-dispersed seeds (>5000 seeds per plant; Mejía et al., 1994) which is a feature facilitating the likelihood of spreading and colonizing new habitats. Currently, E. fosbergii is listed as invasive in Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and on several islands in the Pacific Ocean (see Distribution Table for details).

Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edges ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract Oldenlandia corymbosa is a widespread polymorphic weed with a pantropical distribution. It is fast-growing and can rapidly colonize disturbed areas, open sites, gardens, farmlands, forest edges, grasslands, roadsides and riverbanks. O. corymbosa also produces large volumes of tiny seeds that can be easily dispersed by water, animals and vehicles, or as a contaminant in soil and agricultural produce. Its weedy habit, preference for disturbed sites and tiny seeds all facilitate its spread and colonization of new habitats.

Pacific and Asiatic Doctrines Akin to the Monroe Doctrine

1915 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-817
Author(s):  
Albert Bushnell Hart
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Monroe Doctrine ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Mind ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The late Professor Edward Bourne, of Yale, used to say that the Philippine Islands were attached to the Spanish West Indies till after 1823, and therefore it ought to be presumed that Monroe intended his doctrine to apply to that Asiatic archipelago. The quip leads the mind to the important fact that the relations of the Pacific Coast of America, the Pacific Ocean, and the nations of Asia, are all bound together. The first Asiatic trade went from Philadelphia, Boston, Providence, and other Atlantic ports via the Northwest Coast to China. The relation of the original Monroe Doctrine to Oregon is familiar to all students of the Monroe Doctrine. It is curious that the objection to “colonization” which was intended to block the way of Russia, has been applied almost entirely to the West Indies and the eastern coast of North and South America. The clause in Monroe’s declaration had little to do with the process by which the United States came to have a Pacific front.

Taxonomy and biogeography of Molgolaimus Ditlevsen, 1921 (Nematoda: Chromadoria) with reference to the origins of deep sea nematodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fonseca ◽  
Ann Vanreusel ◽  
Wilfrieda Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Total Community ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Molgolaimus is a genus of free-living marine nematodes which is found in high densities (10–35% of the total community) up to 2000 m depth. Its occurrence is often associated with organically enriched and recently disturbed areas. Currently, only 16 species have been described, mainly from shallow waters. The present study contributes 17 new species mainly from the Weddell Sea but also from the Pacific Ocean, and provides an illustrated polytomous identification key to species level. The 33 Molgolaimus species described can be identified based on just a few morphometric features: spicule length, body length, anal body diameter, tail length and pharynx length. A first insight into the biogeography of this deep sea genus at species level is presented. A comparison of morphometric characteristics between species suggests that the most similar species co-occur in the same geographical region, rather than within the same bathymetric zones or similar ecosystems separated over long distances. These observations suggest that deep sea nematodes may not have a common origin but might have derived “recently” from shallow water taxa. Therefore, global distribution of nematodes could be explained by means of palaeogeographical events.

scholarly journals Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Abstract Ipomoea quamoclit is a fast-growing vine, native to Mexico and Central America, and widely cultivated and introduced to many countries as an ornamental for its attractive foliage and bright flowers. It has escaped from cultivation to become naturalized and invasive in a variety of habitats, where it competes with native vine species and behaves as an agricultural weed. It is listed as invasive in Australia, Papua New Guinea, India, the United States, Brazil, the Galapagos Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Maldives, the Seychelles and many islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Timing and distribution of the Los Chocoyos supereruption from Atitlán caldera (Guatemala) by zircon 238U-230Th and (U-Th)/He double-dating

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Cisneros de Leon ◽  
Julie Christin Schindlbeck-Belo ◽  
Steffen Kutterolf ◽  
Martin Danišík ◽  
Axel Karl Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central America ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Zircon Crystallization ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Eruption Age

<p>The climactic Los Chocoyos (LCY) rhyolitic eruption from Atitlán caldera (Guatemala) is a key chronostratigraphic marker for the Late Quaternary period that has been widely used for relative dating of paleoenvironmental, paleoclimate, and volcanic events throughout Central America and adjacent marine basins in the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. Despite LCY tephra being an important marker horizon, a radioisotopic age for this eruption has remained elusive. LCY tephra has been dated at ca. 84 ka BP based on its occurrence in marine sediments with model δ<sup>18</sup>O ages, but this inferred age has not been independently confirmed through radioisotopic methods. This is due to the inherent limitations of radiocarbon dating (which is practically limited to ˂50 ka) and a lack of suitable materials for <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar analysis in LCY tephra. To overcome this limitation, we applied <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th and (U-Th)/He zircon double-dating (ZDD). Due to zircon being alteration-resistant this method establishes absolute chronologies for and correlations between silicic tephra deposits, which are unaffected by glass alteration or complex compositional signatures within a single eruption. <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th zircon crystallization rim ages were obtained from LCY proximal tephras (~17 km from Atitlán caldera) including sub-units that may bear distinct glass compositions (e.g., fallout, ignimbrite, surge) as well as ultra-distal fallout tephra samples (~300 km from source) collected from drill cores at Petén Itzá Lake (ICDP) and the Pacific Ocean (IODP). All samples yielded zircon with statistically indistinguishable <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th zircon rim age spectra. These reveal continuous zircon crystallization from ca. 160 ka to ca. 74 ka, with peaks in zircon crystallization between 90-100 ka. ZDD eruption ages from two LCY fallout and one ignimbrite deposit are indistinguishable with error-weighted averages of 75.1 ± 3.2 ka (1σ; n = 16; MSWD = 4.1), 76.0 ± 2.5 ka (n = 16; MSWD = 2.5), and 72.8 ± 3.5 ka (n = 16; MSWD = 3.7). Considering all individual zircon results as a single population, a weighted average ZDD age of 74.8 ± 1.7 (1σ; n = 48; MSWD = 3.3) is obtained and considered as the best estimate for LCY eruption age. GIS-based reassessment of LCY eruptive volume uses thickness information from new 113 outcrops including 6–10 m thick pyroclastic density currents in Chiapas, Mexico (>130 km from the source) and suggests a minimum estimate volume of ~1200 km<sup>3</sup>, confirming the LCY eruption as the first‐ever recognized supereruption in Central America. The new ZDD age of 74.8 ± 1.7 ka for the LCY eruption is significantly younger than the commonly cited O-isotope stratigraphic age of 84 ± 5 ka. This age is close to the voluminous (2,800-5,600 km<sup>3</sup>) Young Toba Tuff (YTT) supereruption at ca. 73.8 ± 0.3 ka from Toba Caldera, Indonesia. Both YTT and LCY eruptions have been previously linked to prominent Quaternary climate excursions. Based on the new LCY eruption age, climate-forcing effects that are usually attributed to YTT may in fact be exacerbated by another supereruption occurring within a short time window of the YTT event.</p>

Revision of the genus Pozziella (Porifera: Poecilosclerida) with description ofthree new species from the eastern Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1866 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO DÍAZ-AGRAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central America ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Pacific Species

To date, the poecilosclerid sponge genus Pozziella Topsent, 1896 was represented by two species: Pozziella clavisepta Topsent, 1896 and Pozziella aperta (Topsent, 1920), which are presently redescribed. During the campaign SO 144-3a of the project PAGANINI in the Pacific Ocean between the Galapagos Archipelago and Central America, three new species were recovered and are described here: Pozziella cerilla sp. nov., Pozziella neuhausi sp. nov. and Pozziella lueteri sp. nov. The present study led to a revision of the genus and an attempt to resolve the relationships between the species, based on the likeness of spicule complements and biometric characters. A similarity analysis revealed that Atlantic and Pacific species clustered separately. In addition, a key to all species of the genus based on spicular characters is provided.

scholarly journals V.—Preliminary Notes on the Late Connection and Separation of the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
J. W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pleistocene Period ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Geological Magazine

Having recently returned from another season's work in the West Indies and Mexico, where I was collecting additional data bearing upon the stupendous changes of level of land and sea which have lately affected the American continent, I find the review of the “Reconstruction of the Antillean Continent” by Mr. Jukes-Browne in the Geological Magazine, April 1895, p. 173, a few points of which may be further explained at the same time that I furnish some advance notes concerning recently observed phenomena which greatly strengthen the theory of stupendous changes of level in the Pleistocene period. Many months must elapse before I shall be able to complete the studies for publication, so that my papers on Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico shall be published.

scholarly journals Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Annual Herb

Abstract Emilia sonchifolia is an annual herb believed to be native to China and South-East Asia. Since spreading from its natural range, E. sonchifolia now has a pan-tropical distribution and is naturalized elsewhere in Asia, as well as in Australia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and the Americas. This species has been reported as a weed for a number of crops and has been shown to reduce yields and act as a reservoir for crop pathogens. Currently it is listed as invasive in India, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Costa Rica, the Galapagos, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Madeira, Réunion, Hawaii and on many other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Mechanical control has been shown to be effective, and chemical control has been effective in some annual and perennial crops.

scholarly journals Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edges ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract Oldenlandia corymbosa is a widespread polymorphic weed with a pantropical distribution. It is fast-growing and can rapidly colonize disturbed areas, open sites, gardens, farmlands, forest edges, grasslands, roadsides and riverbanks. O. corymbosa also produces large volumes of tiny seeds that can be easily dispersed by water, animals and vehicles, or as a contaminant in soil and agricultural produce. Its weedy habit, preference for disturbed sites and tiny seeds all facilitate its spread and colonization of new habitats.

scholarly journals Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Morning Glory ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Flora Of China ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Ipomoea indica is a vine that has been widely cultivated as a garden ornamental across tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world (Randall, 2017; USDA-ARS, 2017). It is an aggressive and opportunistic colonizer of open and disturbed habitats that has escaped from cultivation to become widely naturalized in disturbed areas near gardens, coastal areas, forest edges, and along roadsides and waterways. This species spreads by seeds, stolons, and stem fragments and when growing under favourable environmental conditions (e.g., full sun, ample moisture and fertile soil) it can spread very rapidly, smothering all other vegetation growing nearby. Its rapidly growing stolons can form dense mats over the ground, while its climbing habit enables it to compete successfully with trees and shrubs on the edges of forests and along riparian zones. Its twining stems also choke adjacent seedlings and smother young trees and shrubs in the understory (Wagner et al., 1999; Csurches, 2016). Currently, I. indica is listed as invasive in Australia, New Zealand, China, southern Africa, Europe, the West Indies, and on many islands in the Pacific Region (Smith, 2010 BioNET-EAFRINET, 2017; DAISIE, 2017; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2017; GRIIS, 2017; PIER, 2017; Queensland Government, 2017).

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