Maliarpha separatella (African white rice borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Beverley
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maliarpha Separatella ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract M. separatella is a stem borer of sub-Saharan and Indian Ocean islands and is the only rice stem borer that has widespread distribution in sub-Saharan Africa. Damage by M. separatella includes reduced plant height, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and grain weight, depending on the plant stage attacked.

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

scholarly journals Africa and the wider world: creole communities in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Tempo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-481
Author(s):  
Malyn Newitt
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
The World ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract: Portuguese creoles were instrumental in bringing sub-Saharan Africa into the intercontinental systems of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic Islands a distinctive creole culture emerged, made up of Christian emigrants from Portugal, Jewish exiles and African slaves. These creole polities offered a base for coastal traders and became politically influential in Africa - in Angola creating their own mainland state. Connecting the African interior with the world economy was largely on African terms and the lack of technology transfer meant that the economic gap between Africa and the rest of the world inexorably widened. African slaves in Latin America adapted to a society already creolised, often through adroit forms of cultural appropriation and synthesis. In eastern Africa Portuguese worked within existing creolised Islamic networks but the passage of their Indiamen through the Atlantic created close links between the Indian Ocean and Atlantic commercial systems.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Test of Parasitization by Parasitoid Tricogramma japonicum in Controlling White Rice Stem Borer (Scirphopaga innotata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Susilawati Astrodjojo ◽  
Suratman Sudjud ◽  
Sri Soenarsih DAS
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Intensity Parameter ◽  
Factor B ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Essential Food

Rice is an essential food crop besides corn and soybeans. The need for rice each year increases along with population growth. One of the pests affecting rice is the white rice stem borer. The present research aimed to test the effectiveness and to examine the interaction between plant age and the number of Tricogramma japonicum parasitoid. The research was carried out at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Ternate, and the rice fields of Bumi Restu village SP I, East Wasile district. The research design operative was a randomized block design where factor A (A1 = 21 DAS, A2 = 42 DAS, A3 = 56 DAS) was the age of the plant, and factor B (B0 = 0, B1 = 50, B2 = 100, B3 = 150) was the number of eggs of Corcyra cephalonica. Biological control using different amounts of Trichogramma japonicum parasitoid led to different interactions and results for each tested parameter. For the number of egg groups, there was no interaction with plant age, but the treatments which were found effective in suppressing stem borer populations were B2 and B3 (100 and 150). The most effective pias as indicated by damage intensity parameter was B3 (150), which was applied to plants aged 21 DAP. Furthermore, for plant height, different number of parasitoids poses significantly effective results. Percentage unhulled grain of pias B3 (150) causes insignificant damage. For production there is no interaction with plant age, but pias B2 (100) shows high yield. The conclusion is that pias B3 (150) applied to 21 days of plants is very effective in controlling white rice stem borer.

Identification of the Diadegma species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) attacking the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Azidah ◽  
M.G. Fitton ◽  
D.L.J. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThe species of Diadegma that attack Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus) are revised. Following a morphometric study involving principal components and discriminant analyses, seven distinct morphospecies are recognized. One species is described as new: D. novaezealandiae from New Zealand. Diadegma mollipla(Holmgren) is the name for the species from sub-Saharan Africa and some Indian Ocean and South Atlantic islands. Diadegma varuna Gupta syn. nov. and D. niponicaKusigemati syn. nov. are both synonymized with D. fenestrale(Holmgren). Diadegma xylostellae Kusigemati is strongly presumed to be a synonym of D. semiclausum (Hellén). An illustrated identification key is provided and each species is described in a standard way.

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