Effectiveness Test of Parasitization by Parasitoid Tricogramma japonicum in Controlling White Rice Stem Borer (Scirphopaga innotata)

Rice is an essential food crop besides corn and soybeans. The need for rice each year increases along with population growth. One of the pests affecting rice is the white rice stem borer. The present research aimed to test the effectiveness and to examine the interaction between plant age and the number of Tricogramma japonicum parasitoid. The research was carried out at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Ternate, and the rice fields of Bumi Restu village SP I, East Wasile district. The research design operative was a randomized block design where factor A (A1 = 21 DAS, A2 = 42 DAS, A3 = 56 DAS) was the age of the plant, and factor B (B0 = 0, B1 = 50, B2 = 100, B3 = 150) was the number of eggs of Corcyra cephalonica. Biological control using different amounts of Trichogramma japonicum parasitoid led to different interactions and results for each tested parameter. For the number of egg groups, there was no interaction with plant age, but the treatments which were found effective in suppressing stem borer populations were B2 and B3 (100 and 150). The most effective pias as indicated by damage intensity parameter was B3 (150), which was applied to plants aged 21 DAP. Furthermore, for plant height, different number of parasitoids poses significantly effective results. Percentage unhulled grain of pias B3 (150) causes insignificant damage. For production there is no interaction with plant age, but pias B2 (100) shows high yield. The conclusion is that pias B3 (150) applied to 21 days of plants is very effective in controlling white rice stem borer.

Download Full-text

Ketahanan Padi Transgenik DB1 terhadap Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v28i2.14954 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nono Carsono ◽

Irma Mangatur ◽

Fitri Utami Hasan ◽

Santika Sari ◽

Nenet Susniahti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Growth Time ◽

Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Rice Stem Borer ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

ABSTRACTResistance of DB1 transgenic rice to the yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)Decrease in rice production in Indonesia can be fulfilled by improving quality and quantity of rice. Rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is an important pest that considered being detrimental to rice. The aim of this study was to determine resistance level of DB1 transgenic rice which compared to cv. Taichung-65 (wild-type), Ciherang and IR64 to the pest. Experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design and Randomized Block Design. The result showed that DB1 transgenic rice, Taichung-65, IR64 and Ciherang were susceptible with scale 9. The mortality of DB1 transgenic rice was not significantly different with Taichung-65, IR64 and Ciherang. The low levels of resistance in DB1 transgenic rice, Taichung-65, IR64 and Ciherang were also seen in development and growth time of S. incertulas. There was no disruption on development and growth of S. incertulas. DB1 genes were still not enough to provide maximum resistance to S. incertulas and still need to discover information of other genes that can be inserted and increase the resistance of rice to S. incertulas.Keywords: Transgenic rice, DB1 transgene, Yellow rice stem borerABSTRAKSerangan hama telah menurunkan produksi beras, salah satu hama utama di Indonesia adalah penggerek batang padi kuning (Scirpophaga incertulas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan padi transgenik DB1 dibanding dengan padi Taichung-65 (padi originnya), Ciherang dan IR64 terhadap penggerek ini. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian tingkat ketahanan terhadap S. incertulas pada padi yang diuji. Percobaan ditata dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padi transgenik DB1, Taichung-65, IR64 dan Ciherang tergolong padi berketahanan rentan dengan skala 9. Mortalitas padi transgenik DB1 tidak berbeda nyata dengan padi Taichung-65, IR64 dan Ciherang. Rendahnya tingkat ketahanan pada padi transgenik DB1, Taichung-65, IR64 dan Ciherang juga terlihat pada lama perkembangan dan pertumbuhan S. incertulas yang relatif sama, tidak tampak gangguan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan S. incertulas. Gen DB1 masih belum cukup untuk memberikan ketahanan maksimal terhadap S. incertulas. Perlu dicari sumber gen lain guna meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap S. incertulas.Kata Kunci: Padi transgenik, Gen DB1, Penggerek batang padi kuning

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Various Pest Management Modules Against Rice Yellow Stemborer, Scirphopaga incertulas (Walker) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5593 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D. Sudha Rani ◽

Ch. Chiranjeevi ◽

T. Madhumathi ◽

S. Krishnam Raju ◽

Sk. Nafeez Umar

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Wet Season ◽

Yellow Stem Borer ◽

Rice Stem Borer ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pest Outbreaks ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Field Efficacy

Background: Globally, rice yellow stem borer alone causes yield losses of 10 m t accounting for 50 per cent of all insecticides usage in the rice field farmers depend upon a plenty of insecticide applications, even though a lot of insecticide applications are not effectual (Sarwar et al., 2005). The over- reliance on use of chemicals to manage this pest had lead to numerous undesirable consequences like disrupting natural enemy complexes, secondary pest outbreaks, pest resurgence, development of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. Keeping in view the deleterious effects of chemical pesticides, there is a need to evaluate alternate methods or integrated methods to manage the rice stem borer effectively without any menace to the ecological niche. Hence, a research trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various pest management modules against rice stem borer in comparison to farmers practice and sole chemical control, besides in concern to yield and cost economics. Methods: The field efficacy of various pest management modules viz., non-chemical based, non-chemical + biorational methods, chemical-based, IPM module and farmers practice against rice yellow stem borer were evaluated during the wet season and dry seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experimental was laid in a net area of 10 m x 20 m each plot laid in Randomized Block Design which comprised of five treatments (modules) with four replications. The incidence of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) in various modules in terms of percent dead hearts (% DH) during tillering stage and percent white ears (%WE) during maturing stage were recorded. Result: It was evident from the pooled mean data that among various modules, the least per cent dead hearts (2.68 and 2.56% DH ) and white ears (2.79 and 2.31% WE) were registered in IPM based module followed by farmers practice (2.31 and 2.32% dead hearts and 3.92 and 4.77% white ears) and chemical-l based module (2.90 and 4.24% dead hearts and 5.59 and 5.18% white ears) as against highest incidence in non- chemical (13.78 and 13.7% dead hearts; 18.24 and 17.94% white ears) and non- chemical + bio rational (11.40 and 9.88% dead hearts; 13.09 and 11.25% white ears ) based modules during the wet season and dry season, respectively.

Download Full-text

Yield and vegetative growth of cactus pear at different spacings and under chemical fertilizations

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n6p564-569 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 564-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

João A. da Silva ◽

Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽

Paulo E. R. Donato ◽

Evilasio dos S. Souza ◽

Milton C. Padilha Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Age ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Area Index ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of different spacings and mineral fertilizations on cactus pear growth and production in a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme: three spacings, 1.00 x 0.50 m, 2.00 x 0.25 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m, and four fertilizations, 000-000-000, 000-150-000, 200-150-000 and 200-150-100 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Plant growth was evaluated between 90 and 390 days and production and growth were evaluated at 620 days after planting. There were significant interactions between spacing and fertilization for plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index from 90 to 390 days and for production of fresh and dry matter at 620 days after planting. Spacing influenced cladode area index, while fertilization influenced plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index at 620 days after planting. Plant height showed cubic effect for the days after planting. Number of cladodes and cladode area index were dependent on spacing, fertilization and plant age, and fitted to cubic models. The best results of growth and production of fresh and dry matter are associated with NPK and NP fertilizations and the spacing of 1.00 x 0.50 m.

Download Full-text

Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622012000500017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 951-960

Author(s):

Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva ◽

Alexandre Emanuel Régis Holanda ◽

Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽

Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira ◽

Odaci Fernandes de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Plant Age ◽

Production Costs ◽

Planting Density ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

One Year

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH.

Download Full-text

Effect of sucker weight and seedling site on the growth of sago seedlings (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in Papua

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/924/1/012085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 924 (1) ◽

pp. 012085

Author(s):

A Soplanit ◽

M K Rumbarar ◽

P Beding

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Block Design ◽

Factor B ◽

G Factor ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Randomized Block Design

Abstract This study aims to obtain sucker weight and appropriate seedling site as a source of sago seeds by using seedling techniques in polybags to improve seed quality on sago cultivation. The experiment used a factorial design arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Factor A, namely sucker weight, consisted of <999 g, 1000-1499 g, 1500-1999 g and > 2000 g. Factor B is the seedling site, consisting of laying seeds in the field, greenhouse and paranet of 60%. The results of the study showed that there was no interaction between the sucker weight combined with the seedling site, but the sucker weight had a significant effect on the number of rachis and the number of primary roots per plant and the percentage of life seedlings. Higher rachis growth was 3.8 obtained from medium-sized sucker weights (1000-1499 g and 1500-1999 g) and the highest number of primary roots was 41.3. It is obtained at sucker weights of 1000-1499 g. Meanwhile, the higher percentage of seedling survival was obtained at medium to large sucker weights of 66.3-71.0%. Thus, multiplication of sago seeds using medium-sized sucker on polybag media is highly suggested.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH KOMBINASI TEPUNG BEKATUL DAN TEPUNG MENIR C4 TERHADAP BEBERAPA KOMPONEN MUTU COOKIES

Pro Food ◽

10.29303/profood.v3i2.50 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 207-216

Author(s):

Mira Idora ◽

Agustono Prarudiyanto ◽

Ahmad Alamsyah

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Flour ◽

Ash Content ◽

Research Use ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Significance Level ◽

White Rice ◽

Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to know the best combination of rice bran and grains of rice flour that cloud be seen from some quality components of cookies include moisture, protein and ash content, organoleptic quality such as flavour referring to National Indonesian Standard (SNI). This research use Compoletely Randomized Block Design, consist of six treatments (100% wheat flour, 30% rice bran: 70% grains of rice flour, 40% rice bran: 60% grains of rice flour, 50% rice bran: 50% grains of rice flour, 60% rice bran: 40% grains of rice flour, 70% rice bran: 30% grains of rice flour) with three replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance diversity at 5% significance level using Co-Stat Software and tested further using Orthogonal Polynomials test if there was real difference. The results showed that the proportion of rice bran and grain of rice flour had significant effect on taste, aroma, texture and color (hedonic and scoring), protein and ash content, but not significantly different to moisture of cookies. The results of this study also showed that the proportion of white rice brain and grains of rice flour which produced cookies with the best quality in accordance with SNI quality requirements was the treatment of 30% rice bran: 70% grains of rice flour (4.8008% moisture, 6.0461% protein content and 1.9274% ash content, with flavor, aroma, texture and color which was very favored by the panelists where cookies with yellowish brown color and slightly crunchy texture). Keywords:cookies, grains of rice flour, rice bran flour, white rice. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kombinasi terbaik dari tepung bekatul dan tepung menirterbaik dilihat dari beberapa komponen mutu cookies meliputi kadarair, kadar protein, kadar abu dan mutu organoleptik seperti bau, rasa, aroma dan tekstur yang mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri dari enam perlakuan (Tepung terigu 100%, Tepung Bekatul 30%: Tepung Menir 70%, Tepung Bekatul 40% : Tepung Menir 60%, Tepung Bekatul 50% : Tepung Menir 50%, Tepung Bekatul 60% : Tepung Menir 40% dan Tepung Bekatul 70%: Tepung Menir 30%) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf 5% menggunakan Software Co-Stat dan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji lanjut Polinomial Ortogonal jika terdapat beda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi tepung bekatul dan tepung menir memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap parameter rasa, aroma, tektur dan warna (Hedonic dan Scoring), kadar protein dan kadar abu, namun tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kadar air cookies. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa proporsi tepung bekatul dan tepung menir yang menghasilkan cookies dengan mutu terbaik yang sesuai dengan syarat mutu SNI adalah perlakuan tepung bekatul 30% : tepung menir 70% (kadar air 4,8008%, kadar protein 6,0461% dan kadar abu 1,9274%, dengan rasa, aroma, tektur dan warna sangat disukai panelis dimana cookies berwarnacokelat kekuningan dan tekstur agak renyah). Kata kunci:beras putih, cookies, tepung bekatul, tepung menir

Download Full-text

Yield and technological performance of sugarcane cultivars grown under Af climate conditions

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Augusto Sousa Miranda ◽

Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽

Bruno Spacek Godoy ◽

Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽

Cristian Faturi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reducing Sugars ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

High Yield ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Sugarcane Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Almost All

Sugarcane crops are grown in almost all regions of Brazil, in various types of soil and under the influence of different climate conditions, which results in diverse production environments as climate factors directly influence the yield and technological quality of a sugarcane crop. The present study evaluated the agronomic and technological characteristics of sugarcane cultivars grown in Af climate conditions. The agronomic traits (natural matter production and the number, length, and diameter of stalks) and technological attributes (Brix, purity, Pol, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, moisture, and fiber content) of three sugarcane cultivars, IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011, were determined in a three-year experiment with a randomized block design using four blocks and two repetitions per block. The cultivars IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared to RB83-5486, showing better adaptation to the soil and climate conditions of the study area. However, the technological attributes, which were below the minimum standard levels required by the sugar and ethanol industry, were not statistically different among the studied cultivars. The abundant rainfall and high temperatures, characteristics of an Af climate, were not favorable for sucrose accumulation in the IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011 cultivars. Therefore, despite the high yield, sugarcane intended for industrial purposes should not be grown under Af climate conditions, owing to the insufficient technological parameters.

Download Full-text

Performances of groundnut varieties under sub-tropical climate of North East Hilly Agro-Ecological Region of India

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v39i2.9534 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. Datta ◽

G. S. Yadav ◽

S. Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

North East ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Ecological Region

North east hilly eco-region of India is characterized by highly undulating topography and fragile ecology. Here the cultivation of rice on upland and medium land is not a profitable venture to farmers. Therefore, to find out alternative crop with high yield potential cultivars a three year field study from 2008 to 2010 on agronomic evaluation of groundnut cultivars under sub-tropical climate of North East hilly Agro-ecological region was carried out. The experiment consists of fourteen groundnut cultivars (V1- ICGS-76, V2- GG-2, V3- GG-13,V4-TG 37 A, V5-FeESG-10, V6-FeESG-8,V7-K-134,V8-GG-6,V9-SB XI, V10 GG-11,V11-KAUSHAL,V12-GG-4,V13-GG-2,V14-GG-8) as treatment in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Results revealed that highest plant dry weight was produced by cultivar “KAUSHAL” (32.99 g/plant), while lowest was recorded with cultivar “FeESG-10” (16.32 g/plant). However, the highest numbers of pod (25.32) were observed with “ICGS-76”. Cultivar GG-11 had produced highest pod and seed weight (34.80 g/plant and 20.62 g/plant, respectively) as compared to other cultivars, while lowest pod and seed weight (8.96 g/plant and 6.39 g/plant, respectively) with “FeESG-8”. Maximum pod yield (2.06t/ha) was produced by GG-11 cultivars, although highest stover yield (2.37 t/ha) was produced in cultivar KAUSHAL. Cultivar GG-11 had also recorded highest shelling percentage. Therefore, it is suggested that GG-11 a better option for substituting the upland and medium land rice during kharif season for enhancing the farmer’s income.

Download Full-text

Uji Daya Hasil S5 Jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v5i2.14868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

Nur Roslini ◽

Bakhtiar Bakhtiar ◽

Siti Hafsah

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

High Yield ◽

Field Station ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Yield Trial ◽

High Yields ◽

Hybrid Maize

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi tanaman jagung berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT Syngenta Seed Indonesia Kediri Field Station dusun Sukodono desa Kedungmalang kecamatan Papar kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur yang berlangsung pada Mei sampai Oktober 2019. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 24 genotipe uji, 4 genotipe pembanding (untuk uji daya hasil) dengan 2 ulangan. Pada uji daya hasil diperoleh 7 genotipe yaitu 18ID010144, 18ID010123, 18ID006020, 18ID010135, 18ID010125, 18ID007419 dan 18ID010148 yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi diatas genotipe pembanding daya hasil tertinggi. 24 genotipe uji yaitu 18ID010125 memiliki daya hasil 14,12 ton ha-1 genotipe 18ID010123 memiliki daya hasil tertinggi 15,28 ton ha-1 dan genotipe 18ID010148 memiliki daya hasil 13,91 ton ha-1. Yield Trial Screening on S5 Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)Abstract. This research aims to select maize are high yield. This research was conducted at PT Syngenta Seed Indonesia Kediri Field Station Sukodono in Sukodono sub-village, Kedungmalang village, Papar district, Kediri district, East Java, which took place from May to October 2019. The design used in this research was Non Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 24 test genotypes, 4 comparative genotypes (for yield trial) with 2 replications. The results showed that In yield trial was obtained 7 genotypes (18ID010144, 18ID010123, 18ID006020, 18ID010135, 18ID010125, 18ID007419 dan 18ID010148) which have high yields above the highest comparative yield genotypes. There were 3 genotypes selected from 24 test genotypes consist 18ID010125 has yield 14,12 tons ha-1,genotype 18ID010123 has the highest yield 15,28 tons ha-1 and genotype 18ID010148 has yield 13,91 tons ha-1.

Download Full-text

Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100141 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Author(s):

D.B. HELGUEIRA ◽

T. D’AVILA ROSA ◽

L. GALON ◽

D.S. MOURA ◽

A.T. MARTINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Weed Management ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Block Design ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Flood Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Factor B ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.

Download Full-text