Alternaria japonica (pod spot of radish).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Similar Species ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Sexual State ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cultural Morphology

Abstract A. japonica is a seed-borne pathogen of plants in the Brassicaceae. No sexual state is known for the fungus, and identification based on conidial and cultural morphology is difficult. The production of chlamydospores, structures that should allow it to survive in soil or plant debris, does distinguish it from similar species. It is known to occur in certain regions on all continents, but is generally a minor pathogen compared to other species on the same hosts. Its major impact consists of reduced germination of contaminated seeds and disease and death of seedlings. It is not listed as being of concern by phytosanitary agencies, but imported seed lots can be and are rejected due to its presence, because once introduced, it can persist and then spread by means of airborne conidia.

Ulocladium atrum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Abstract A description is provided for Ulocladium atrum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wood, seeds, stems, leaves of many different plants, soil. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Libya, Sierra Leone. N. America: Canada, USA (California, Colorado, Kansas). S. America: Argentina, Chile. Asia: India, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey. Australasia: Australia (WA, VIC), New Zealand. Europe: Cyprus, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, UK. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia, and possibly through water, soil and plant debris.

The Anopheles barbirostris group (Diptera, Culicidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Simian Malaria ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Western Half ◽  
Periodic Form ◽  
Anopheles Barbirostris

The group of Anopheles barbirostris Wulp is shown to consist of some 11 closely similar species, five of which are described as new. Keys for identification are provided. The group is divisible into two parts, the subgroups of A. barbirostris and A. vanus Wlk.Two (or possibly three) species in the barbirostris subgroup are disease vectors.A. barbirostris sensu stricto is the commonest and most variable species of the group and has the widest range, occurring probably from India to the Moluccas excluding only Borneo and the Philippines. Larvae can be found in a variety of breeding places in still or slowly moving water. Throughout its range, except perhaps in the Celebes, it appears to be largely zoophilous and not a vector of disease.A. campestris sp.n. is very closely related to barbirostris. It appears to be confined to the alluvial plains of coasts and deltas, and may be limited to the mainland of Asia. It is common on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula where it is anthropophilous and an important vector of human (and possibly also simian) malaria, and of filariasis due to the periodic form of Brugia malayi. It is probably at least a minor vector of malaria and filariasis in the plains of Thailand.A. donaldi sp.n. is the principal member of the group in Borneo, and is locally common in Malaya where the larvae are usually found in more shaded places than those of barbirostris. In Borneo it is a minor vector of malaria and filariasis, and possibly in Malaya also.A. franciscoi sp.n. is the Philippine representative of the barbirostris subgroup.A. hodgkini sp.n. is widespread (Thailand, Indo-China, Malaya and Borneo), but seldom common. It is a species of the forest and forest edge.A. pollicaris sp.n. is an uncommon but easily recognised forest species only known at present from Malaya.The vanus subgroup consists for the most part of uncommon species having little contact with man and usually associated with forest. A. vanus sensu stricto occurs in the Celebes and Moluccas where it is common, and also in Borneo and the Philippines; A. barbumbrosus Strickl. & Chowd., replaces vanus in the western half of the archipelago and on the mainland; A. ahomi Chowd., is known from Assam; A. manalangi Mendoza is confined to the Philippines; finally there is an unnamed species in Ceylon with speckled legs which was previously identified wrongly as A. pseudobarbirostris Ludl.

scholarly journals Food resource partitioning among species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen F. R. Pini ◽  
Milza C. F. Abelha ◽  
Elaine A. L. Kashiwaqui ◽  
Rosilene L. Delariva ◽  
Sergio Makrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Terrestrial Plant ◽  
Food Overlap ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Iguaçu River ◽  
Food Resource Partitioning

ABSTRACT Resource partitioning allows for interspecific coexistence and is frequently reported for similar species. Here, we predicted the existence of resource partitioning among species of Astyanax that co-occur in the Low Iguaçu River and tributaries in Brazil. A total of 848 stomachs of five species of Astyanax were analyzed. Algae, terrestrial plant and fruit/seed were the most consumed resources. Astyanax bifasciatus and A. dissimilis had predominantly herbivorous diets, A. gymnodontus and A. lacustris were omnivorous, and A. minor was mainly algivorous. Permutational analysis of variance showed the species had different diets, and similarity percentage analysis indicated that fruit/seed and terrestrial plant contributed the most to this differentiation. A paired comparison indicated that the trophic breadth of A. gymnodontus differed from that of other species. The food overlap was low for 55% of Astyanax pairs. These results showed alignment with the niche theory, in which differentiation in the use of food resources facilitates the coexistence of species and minimizes competition. These adjustments to coexistence become relevant in the context of endemic species in a highly isolated basin under intense threat (dams, species introduction, deforestation, and pollution) as is the case for the Iguaçu River basin.

Ulocladium botrytis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Abstract A description is provided for Ulocladium botrytis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wood, seeds, stems, leaves of many different plants, soil, textiles, paper. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Moçambique. Asia: India, Iraq, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey. America: Canada, Honduras, USA (California, MA). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Eire, Germany, Portugal, Sweden, UK. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia, and possibly through water, soil and plant debris.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI FROM SUBMERGED PLANTS DEBRIS IN AQUATIC HABITATS IN MISAN PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Zainab Jumhia ABD AL NABI ◽  
Ali Abdulwaheed KASIM
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Plant ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Scytalidium Thermophilum ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Sexual State ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Southern Iraq

Forty-eight taxa of saprophytes fungi were isolated and identified from submerged plant debris samples collected from different sites in Misan province, southern Iraq, which are Maymouna, Al-Salam, Majar Al-Kabir, and Amara. Among them, 24 species belonged to Ascomycota (six of which are sexual state), 19 species to hyphomycetes (anamorphic fungi), 4 to Zygomycota, and one to Oomycetes. Six species were isolated and newly recorded from Iraq, which are Aniptodera margaration, Cirrenalia iberica, Cordana lignicola, Cordana verruculosa, Pseudoacrodictys appendiculata, and Scytalidium thermophilum. However, in the evaluation of both moist chamber and direct culture methods, 34 species were isolated by the first method and 27 species by the second method, meantime, 13 species (9 belonged to Ascomycota, 2 to hyphomycetes, and 2 to Zygomycetes) were recovered by both methods. Aspergillus terrus was appeared in highest frequency and occurrence (11.76%, 42.55%, respectively), followed by Aspergillus horti (10%, 36.17%, respectively), and then A. niger with a frequency and occurrence of 5.29% and 19.14%, respectively, while 17 species were appeared lowest frequency and occurrence to reach 0.58%, 2.12%, respectively, for all. One hundred and seven isolates have been recovered from all study sites. Meantime, sixty-four isolates have been reported from Majar Al-Kabir, as compared with other sites, followed by Amara (43 isolates), while 39 isolates have been isolated from the Maymouna, and 24 isolates from Al-Salam. The biodiversity of fungi isolated from submerged plant debris was compared with previous studies. Brief descriptions of the new recorded fungi were given.

Ulocladium consortiale. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Abstract A description is provided for Ulocladium consortiale. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wood, seeds, stems, leaves of many different plants, soil, leaf litter and cattle feed. It is also isolated from air and water. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: South Africa. America: Panama, USA. Asia: Afghanistan, India, Israel, Iraq, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey. Australasia: Australia, New Zealand. Europe: Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia, and possibly through water, soil and plant debris.

Contribution to the study of the genus Auricularia (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) in Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 164-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Malysheva ◽  
E. M. Bulakh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Far Eastern

The paper covers the study of the genus Auricularia in Russia. The taxonomic history of the genus and problems of its morphological systematics are described in details. The evolutionary relationships of species and species complexes were revealed based on a comparative study of the nucleotide sequences of nrDNA (ITS, rpb2). The occurrence of A. auricula-judae only in European of Russia part was confirmed by molecular data, whereas the morphologically similar species A. americana had the Far Eastern distribution in Russia. In total, 7 taxa of Auricularia have so far been recorded from Russia: known species A. mesenterica, A. minor, A. cornea, A. americana, A. auricula-judae, newly described species — A. villosula and undescribed Auricularia sp. An identification key to the studied Auriculariaspecies and its morphological descriptions are also provided.

Rating Post-Operative Backs (Part I)

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Neurogenic Claudication ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Minor Strain ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Anterior Tibialis

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, uses the Injury Model to rate impairment in people who have experienced back injuries. Injured individuals who have not required surgery can be rated using differentiators. Challenges arise when assessing patients whose injuries have been treated surgically before the patient is rated for impairment. This article discusses five of the most common situations: 1) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has had an injury resulting in sciatica and who has been treated surgically, either with chemonucleolysis or with discectomy? 2) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has a back strain and is operated on without reasonable indications? 3) What is the impairment rating of an individual with sciatica and a foot drop (major anterior tibialis weakness) from L5 root damage? 4) What is the rating for an individual who is injured, has true radiculopathy, undergoes a discectomy, and is rated as Category III but later has another injury and, ultimately, a second disc operation? 5) What is the impairment rating for an older individual who was asymptomatic until a minor strain-type injury but subsequently has neurogenic claudication with severe surgical spinal stenosis on MRI/myelography? [Continued in the September/October 1997 The Guides Newsletter]

Pelvic Impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
James Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Rating Process ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Pelvic fractures are relatively uncommon, and in workers’ compensation most pelvic fractures are the result of an acute, high-impact event such as a fall from a roof or an automobile collision. A person with osteoporosis may sustain a pelvic fracture from a lower-impact injury such as a minor fall. Further, major parts of the bladder, bowel, reproductive organs, nerves, and blood vessels pass through the pelvic ring, and traumatic pelvic fractures that result from a high-impact event often coincide with damaged organs, significant bleeding, and sensory and motor dysfunction. Following are the steps in the rating process: 1) assign the diagnosis and impairment class for the pelvis; 2) assign the functional history, physical examination, and clinical studies grade modifiers; and 3) apply the net adjustment formula. Because pelvic fractures are so uncommon, raters may be less familiar with the rating process for these types of injuries. The diagnosis-based methodology for rating pelvic fractures is consistent with the process used to rate other musculoskeletal impairments. Evaluators must base the rating on reliable data when the patient is at maximum medical impairment and must assess possible impairment from concomitant injuries.

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