Sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma (white leaf of sugarcane).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Marcone
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Sugarcane White Leaf ◽  
Sugarcane White Leaf Phytoplasma

Abstract Losses due to sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) phytoplasma vary greatly depending on the susceptibility of the clones, the weather and other environmental conditions influencing sugarcane growth. In Taiwan, over 60 hectares of sugarcane were abandoned due to both high incidence and severity of SCWL disease whereas incidence of more than 10% occurred in 700 hectares. Also, crop losses of 33 and 74%, as well as a decrease of 30% in the sugar content in infected sugarcane plants compared to healthy ones, were recorded (Rishi and Chen, 1989). In Sri Lanka, the incidence of SCWL disease in some sugarcane-growing areas has reached 50-84%, where the yield and quality of infected plants were greatly affected (Chandrasene et al., 2003). In SCWL-affected sugarcane plants, the total chlorophyll content was reduced by 90% while the respiratory rate increased significantly (Chen and Chen, 1974). Affected plants usually die soon after the appearance of the first symptoms. SCWL is one of the most destructive diseases of sugarcane in Thailand (Wongkaew and Fletcher, 2004; Hanboonsong et al., 2006).

Tettigoniella viridis and Clovia conifer are potential insect vectors of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Feng Li ◽  
Xiao-Yan Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yan Cang ◽  
Rong-Yue Zhang ◽  
Hong-Li Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Vectors ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Sugarcane White Leaf ◽  
Sugarcane White Leaf Phytoplasma

scholarly journals Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Natural biostimulants obtained by plants are intensively used nowadays to improve crop yield and quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) (MLE) in modifying baby leaf characteristics of two genotypes of Brassica. The trial was started in October 2020 in a greenhouse; a cultivar of kale ‘Cavolo Laciniato Nero di Toscana’ (CL) and a Sicilian landrace of sprouting broccoli ‘Broccoli Nero’ (BN) were used. The plants, after 15, 30 and 40 days from sowing, were treated with MLE, while the control plants (C) with distilled water. Treatment with MLE modified morphological and nutritional value, but with different behavior in the two genotypes. In fact, in BN the treatment reduced the antioxidant activity (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) by 54%, while in CL the treatment increased this parameter by 40%. For the phenolic concentration and the sugar content the values recorded were significantly increased by MLE compared to control plants in CL, where in BN a significant reduction was registered. The CL plants treated with MLE showed a significant reduction (−70%) in nitrate content compared to the control plants; a negative effect was, instead, observed in BN, where the plants treated with moringa showed an increase of 60%. Results of this study showed how the foliar application of MLE was effective in improving various nutraceutical parameters, in particular in kale, because it appears to be a species-specific response.

scholarly journals Microclimate Modification and Insect Pest Exclusion Using Agronet Improve Pod Yield and Quality of French Bean

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Otieno Gogo ◽  
Mwanarusi Saidi ◽  
Jacob Mugwa Ochieng ◽  
Thibaud Martin ◽  
Vance Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

French bean [Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)] is among the leading export vegetable in Africa, mostly produced by small-scale farmers. Unfavorable environmental conditions and heavy infestations by insect pests are among the major constraints limiting production of the crop. Most French bean producers grow their crop in open fields outdoors subject to harsh environmental conditions and repeatedly spray insecticides in a bid to realize high yield. This has led to rejection of some of the produce at the export market as a result of stringent limits on maximum residue levels. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya, to evaluate the potential of using agricultural nets (herein referred to as agronets) to improve the microclimate, reduce pest infestation, and increase the yield and quality of French bean. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. French bean seeds were direct-seeded, sprayed with an alpha-cypermethrin-based insecticide (control), covered with a treated agronet (0.9 mm × 0.7 mm average pore size made of 100 denier yarn knitted into a mesh impregnated with alpha-cypermethrin), or covered with an untreated-agronet (0.9 mm × 0.7 mm average pore size made of 100 denier yarn knitted into a mesh not impregnated with insecticide). Alpha-cypermethrin and agronets were manufactured by Tagros Chemicals (India) and A to Z Textile Mills (Tanzania), respectively. Covering French bean with the agronets modified the microclimate of the growing crop with air temperature increased by ≈10%, relative humidity by 4%, and soil moisture by 20%, whereas photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and daily light integral (DLI) were decreased by ≈1% and 11.5%, respectively. Populations of silverleaf whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] and black bean aphids [Aphis fabae (Scopoli)] were reduced under agronet covers as contrasted with control plots. Furthermore, populations of both pests were reduced on French bean grown under impregnated agronets compared with untreated agronets, but only on three of the five sampling dates [30, 44, and 72 days after planting (DAP)] for silver leaf whitefly or at only one of the five sampling dates (30 DAP) for black bean aphid. Covering French bean with agronets advanced seedling emergence by 2 days and increased seedling emergence over 90% compared with control plots. French bean plants covered with both agronet treatments had faster development, better pod yield, and quality compared with the uncovered plants. These findings demonstrate the potential of agronets in improving French bean performance while minimizing the number of insecticide sprays within the crop cycle, which could lead to less rejection of produce in the export market and improved environmental quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of Toxigenic Fusarium Species and Their Mycotoxins in Brewing Barley Grains

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Piacentini ◽  
Liliana Rocha ◽  
Geovana Savi ◽  
Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz ◽  
Livia De Carvalho Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Barley Grains

Fusarium species threaten yield and quality of cereals worldwide due to their ability to produce mycotoxins and cause plant diseases. Trichothecenes and zearalenone are the most economically significant mycotoxins and are of particular concern in barley, maize and wheat. For this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the Fusarium isolates from brewing barley and to assess deoxynivalenol and zearalenone contamination in grains. Characterization of the Fusarium strains was carried out by the phylogeny based on two loci (EF-1α and RPB2). Mycotoxin detection and quantification were performed by LC-MS. The results show that Fusarium was the predominant genus. Phylogenetic study demonstrated that the majority of the strains clustered within the Fusarium sambucinum species complex followed by the Fusarium tricinctum species complex. The results revealed high incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) contamination (90.6% and 87.5%, respectively). It was observed that 86% of the samples contaminated with ZEA were above the limits set by the EU and Brazilian regulations. These results may highlight the importance of controlling Fusarium toxins in barley, mainly because of its use in the brewing industry and the resistance of various mycotoxins to food processing treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of soil potassium on yield and quality of diverse sugar beet genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
M. Antunović ◽  
D. Rastija ◽  
M. Pospišil
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

Aiming at determination differences in leaf and root potassium concentration of diverse sugar beet genotypes as well as its effect on sugar beet root quality and yield. Investigations comprising 15 sugar beet genotypes (five multigerm lines, five hybrids and five monogerm lines) were carried out on two soil types (Calcic luvisol: L-1 and L-3 and Calcic gleysol: L-2 and L-4) during two growing seasons. Root yield of the investigated genotypes on Calcic luvisol (50 t/ha) was higher, than on Calcic gleysol (34 t/ha). In general, multigerm lines were known for the highest leaf potassium concentration (2.75%), lowest root one (3.78 mmol/100 g root), highest sugar content (13.8%) and best root extractable sugar (1.5%). Monogerm lines had the lowest leaf potassium concentration (2.51%), highest root one (4.24 mmol/100 g root), lowest sugar content (12.9%), and the poorest extractable sugar (10.7%). Root yield of the investigated hybrids (48 t/ha) was higher by 16% compared to multigerm lines yield (42 t/ha) and as much as 35% higher compared to monogerm lines (36 t/ha). Sugar beet root potassium was in significantly negative correlation with sugar content at three localities (L-1: r = –0.485**, L-2: r = –0.096, L-3: r = –0.687**, L-4: r = –0.337**) whereas at all four localities it was in negative correlation with extractable sugar (L-1: r = –0.634**, L-2: r = –0.407**, L-3: r = –0.930**, L-4: r = –0.749**). Potassium concentration in sugar beet leaf was in significant positive correlation with sugar content at three localities (L-1: r = 0.382**, L-2: r = 0.231, L-3: r = 0.717**, L-4: r = 0.516**).

scholarly journals Rootstock on production and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssika Angelotti-Mendonça ◽  
Mara Fernandes Moura ◽  
João Alexio Scarpare Filho ◽  
Bruna Thaís Ferracioli Vedoato ◽  
Marco Antonio Tecchio
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Niagara Rosada

Abtract In Brazil, the producers have changed used rootstocks to get more vigor to scion. Rootstocks change the distribution of bud fruitfulness over grapevine shoots and the expression of the bud fruitfulness into fruit yield. Hence, these modification could alter ideal pruning length. In this way, it was evaluated bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine grafted onto rootstocks: ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 571-6’, and ‘Riparia do Traviu’, which ‘IAC 766’ is the most used rootstock in São Paulo State, nowadays. The evaluations were performed over three crop seasons, in a vineyard located in Louveira, SP. Two evaluations were performed in Brazilian traditional season, and one crop pruning was performed in Brazilian summer, called “off-season”. In traditional seasons, the bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the first to fourth bud in 2014 and to the fifth in 2015. In the off-season, bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the fifth to eighth bud. Fruit yield and quality were also evaluated over the three production cycles. Bud fruitfulness of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted onto the evaluated rootstocks showed that this characteristic was more affected by the environmental conditions, confirmed due to alteration of bud fruitfulness through production cycles. Additionally, no effect of rootstock was observed on fruit yield, and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Only isolated variations were detected, and these are not enough to confirm the influence of rootstocks on scion of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Although no effect of rootstocks on bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality has been observed in the evaluated conditions, all rootstocks are recommended to be used in combination with ‘Niagara Rosada’.

Identification of Sugarcane White Leaf Phytoplasma in Fields and Quaratine Sugarcane Samples in Yunnan Province, China

Sugar Tech ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Wang ◽  
Wen-Feng Li ◽  
Ying-Kun Huang ◽  
Rong-Yue Zhang ◽  
Hong-Li Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Sugarcane White Leaf ◽  
Sugarcane White Leaf Phytoplasma
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