Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Nematollahi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Phloem Feeder

Abstract D. noxia has a great economic impact on cereal crops (Brooks et al., 1994). It is a phloem feeder like other aphids and the symptoms evident on plants are a result of this feeding mechanism. By feeding on the phloem, the aphid damages the plants through nutrient drainage (Dixon, 1985) which results in chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, stunting, and curling of the leaves, misshapen or nonappearance of new growth, and localised cell death at the site of aphid feeding. D. noxia further elicits an increase in essential amino acids in the phloem sap by triggering the breakdown of proteins in infested wheat leaves (Burd and Burton, 1992; du Toit, 1986; Ma et al., 1998; Miller et al., 2001). The damage to the foliar tissue is thought to play a role in the pest's ability to increase nutritional quality of the host plant (Botha et al., 2006).

A comparative evaluation of the nutritional quality of Eriocheir sinensis and Eriocheir japonica (Brachyura, Varunidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-585
Author(s):  
Zhiyan Wang ◽  
Lu Zu ◽  
Qingqing Li ◽  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Wengang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Eriocheir Japonica ◽  
Aquatic Food

Abstract The Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica is an economically important species widely distributed throughout the East Asia region, but information on the compositional characteristics and nutritional quality of E. japonica is still scarce. Thus, this study was conducted to compare the edible tissue indices, proximate composition, fatty acid profiles and amino acid contents between wild E. sinensis and E. japonica. It showed that: (1) both E. sinensis and E. japonica have a high total edible yield (approximately 40%); (2) E. sinensis and E. japonica have a similar proximate composition, except for total lipids; (3) female E. japonica have higher percentages of C18:3n3, C20:5n3 and C22:6n3; (4) E. sinensis have higher levels of essential amino acids than E. japonica in muscle. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that wild E. japonica is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and both E. sinensis and E. japonica are aquatic food of high nutritional value, with a high edible yield.

Fruit, vegetable, and starch mixtures on the nutritional quality of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and resulting frass

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H. Fischer ◽  
N. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Mixture Treatment ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

The production of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) is rapidly becoming a new method to convert food waste into a sustainable ingredient in terrestrial and aquatic nutrition while the by-product, called ‘frass’, can be used as a soil amendment. The growth and nutritional quality of BSFL and their frass is greatly influenced by the provided substrates. In this study, fruits, vegetables, starches and in their combination (mixture) were provided to BSFL for two weeks and afterwards their final weight and nutritional composition of the BSFL and frass were measured. The starch treatment produced significantly heavier BSFL compared to those in the fruit treatment. However, BSFL produced from starch had the lowest amino acid levels. The BSFL produced from vegetables had significantly higher crude protein and essential amino acids compared to all substrates, with the exception of histidine. Frass produced from vegetables had significantly higher nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium values compared to all others, with the exception of nitrogen in the starch and mixture treatment. This study showed that the use of vegetables produced BSFL and frass comparable to soybean meal and many organic fertilisers, respectively, and these could be valuable and sustainable resources for the agricultural industry.

scholarly journals Fortification of Wheat Based Instant Noodles with Surimi Powder: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
S. Chowdhury ◽  
S. Nath ◽  
Durba Pal ◽  
P. Murmu ◽  
K. C. Dora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Instant Noodles

Noodles, commonly prepared from hard/soft wheat flour, is popular throughout globe due to its’ versatility, low cost, ease of preparation and nutritional quality. Commercial noodles are rich in carbohydrates, but deficient in essential nutrients, like proteins, dietary fiber and vitamins. Due to scarcity of Essential Amino Acids (EAA) like lysine and methionine in wheat-proteins, incorporation of EAA-rich-protein and fatty-acid-rich-lipids from other sources are important to improve the nutritional quality of noodles. Fish, being an excellent source of high-quality protein, rich in lysine and methionine, omega-3 fatty-acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), along with vitamins like A, D, B6, and B12, minerals like iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, potassium and sodium, protein enrichment can be achieved by fortification of carbohydrate-rich cereal-based-noodle with dried fish surimi powders. This makes the fortified noodles nutritionally significant and the sensory attributes facilitate greater consumption. Attributes like taste, nutrition, convenience, safety, longer shelf-life and reasonable price have increased global acceptance of noodles and admiration by all generations. Thus, instant noodles are used as space and emergency foods. As consumers are becoming health conscious by preferring diet rich in fiber, protein and low fat, readily digestible fish protein incorporated noodles can satisfy their nutritional requirement.

A comparative evaluation of the nutritional quality of three wild populations of female mitten crabs (Eriocheir sensu stricto) in northern China

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-324
Author(s):  
Dongdong Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Lu Zu ◽  
Wenquan Zhou ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mitten Crab

Abstract There are three major wild populations of mitten crab (Eriocheir sensu stricto), Suifenhe River (SF), Tumenjiang River (TM) and Liaohe River (LH) in northern China. However, the information on the nutritional quality of these three populations of crabs is still scarce. Thus, we investigated and compared the tissue indices, total edible yield, proximate composition, fatty acid compositions and amino acid contents of these wild crab populations. We showed that: (1) TM population had the highest meat yield among the three populations; (2) TM recorded the highest moisture and the lowest total lipid content in ovary and muscle; (3) a higher level of total n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids was found in TM, except for the ovary in SF; (4) the three populations had similar essential amino acids scores. In conclusion, Eriocheir s.s. from these three populations all showed a high nutritional quality suitable for humans, especially the TM, which contains more eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.

Food procurement in English-language Canadian public schools: Opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Shawna Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
English Language ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
School Food ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
School Food Environment

This paper examines the changes to procurement for school food environments in Canada as a response to changes to nutrition regulations at the provincial level. Interviews with those working in school food environments across Canada revealed how changes to the nutrition requirements of foods and beverages sold in schools presented opportunities to not only improve the nutrient content of the items made available in school food environments, but also to include local producers and/or school gardens in procuring for the school food environment. At the same time, some schools struggle to procure nutritionally compliant foods due to increased costs associated with transporting produce to rural, remote, or northern communities as well as logistic difficulties like spoilage. Although the nutrition regulations have facilitated improvements to food environments in some schools, others require more support to improve the overall nutritional quality of the foods and beverages available to students at school.

IMPROVING THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FODDER YEASTS BY ADDING MINERALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017
Author(s):  
Cristina-Gabriela Grigoras ◽  
Andrei I. Simion ◽  
Livia Manea ◽  
Lidia Favier-Teodorescu ◽  
Lucian Gavrila
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality
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