Pleospora herbarum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pleospora herbarum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts including apple, ash, broad bean, clover, endive, gladiolus, gramineae, lettuce, lupin, muskmelon, onion, Onobrychis, Medicago sativa, mangold, tomato, Trifolium, Vicia (40: 230). DISEASES: Leaf spot of mangold, clover (Trifolium), lucerne (Medicago sativa), endive, lettuce, onion seedlings and gladiolus, net blotch of field and broad bean (Vicia), ring spot of sanfoin (Onobrychis) foot rot of tomato. Severe leaf spot on muskmelon may cause leaf fall and sun scald of fruit (37: 625). Lesions caused by other fungi may also be colonized as on lucerne (38: 11) or be associated with some other disease complex such as Pseudomonas savastanoi on ash (36: 144). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide; very common in temperate and sub-tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: Generally air-borne as ascospores or conidia. These penetrate the leaf or petiole via stomata (37: 365). May also occur on seeds (38: 146) and in soil.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infected Plant Material

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Nicotiana (tobacco). The fungus may infect a wide range of other plants in Convolvulaceae (63, 1065) and other families, sometimes without causing wilt symptoms. DISEASE: Vascular wilt, sometimes called stem rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil (62, 525), China, Hawaii, India, Japan, Malawi, New Zealand. The disease occurs in temperate rather than tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: The fungus may survive in soil for many years as chlamydospores. Transmission may occur by means of infected plant material used for propagation, or through contaminated soil.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Cladosporium allii-cepae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract A description is provided for Cladosporium allii-cepae[Mycosphaerella allii-cepae]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On various species of Allium, e.g. A. cepa, A. porrum, A. sibiricum. DISEASE: Causes a leaf-spot of Allium spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Eire, Norway, UK), India. TRANSMISSION: Mechanism not known with certainty. Possibly by air-borne conidia with carry-over on crop debris and/or soil.

Cochliobolus lunatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Cochliobolus Lunatus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus lunatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded from a very wide range of angiosperms. DISEASE: Curvularia leaf spot, Curvularia seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in the tropics. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia and ascospores. The fungus can survive in the soil in sclerotial form (47, 431).

Colletotrichum capsici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum capsici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Aristolochia, Cicer, cotton, Eggplant, jute, tomato, turmeric and many others from a wide range of families. DISEASE: Dieback, stem break, anthracnose, leaf spot, seedling blight, fruit rot (dieback of young fruits and ripe rot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia, America and Australasia; has been recorded occasionally in Southern Europe. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne; persists in decayed fruits and other plant debris from which conidia are dispersed locally by water and air currents. No extensive growth in soil reported.

Pyrenophora dictyoides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pyrenophora dictyoides. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Festuca, Lolium, Phleum, Poa. DISEASE: Causes net blotch and leaf spot primarily of fescues. Irregular brown leaf lesions with a delicate netted pattern are formed which may result in the withering of the whole leaf blade. Common on meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) causing net-blotch lesions and occasionally found on Lolium and other grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By spores, overwintering on leaf bases, crop debris, etc., and by seed transmission (50, 3873).

Didymosphaeria arachidicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Brown Blotch ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Didymosphaeria arachidicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Arachis hypogaea. DISEASE: Net blotch (55, 3822), web-blotch (Pettit, Taber & Harrison, 1973) or leaf blotch of peanut (54, 3573). At first lesions are small, diffuse specks or streaks merging in an irregular pattern covering large areas of the leaflet. Initially lesions are superficial and confined to the adaxial surface but later spreading to the lower surface. As the disease progresses the net appearance is lost and a large reddish-brown blotch results. Often several such lesions coalesce covering the entire leaflet. Severe infection leads to defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Zimbabwe, formerly Rhodesia, South Africa, Mauritius); Australasia (Australia, Queensland); Europe/Asia (USSR, Caucasus, Republic of Georgia); North America (USA); South America (Argentina,? Brazil). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia and ascospores dispersed by rain splash during wet weather or heavy dews. It is also possible that conidia and ascospores could be carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Ganoderma applanatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Steyaert
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Ganoderma Applanatum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Infected Plant Material ◽  
Root Contact

Abstract A description is provided for Ganoderma applanatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A very wide range of broad-leaved and coniferous trees. As much confusion has arisen between G. applanatum and G. adspersum earlier references must be accepted only with care as to the hosts. It is the authors observation that G. applanatum is more frequent in the woodland biotype than in orchards, garden and roadside plantations while G. adspersum seems to be more frequent in the latter. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the northern hemisphere temperate zone. The northern limit follows the tree line. The southern limit is Florida in the USA, the Mediterranean sea in Europe, Northern Iran, Northern Pakistan, southern slopes of the Himalayas, but a specimen has been obtained from Bombay in India. In Pakistan and India it overlaps slightly with the range of G. tornatum (CMI Descript. 447). TRANSMISSION: Transmission is probably confined to air-borne spores and root contact with infected plant material in the soil.

Verticillium dahliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hawksworth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Symptom Patterns

Abstract A description is provided for Verticillium dahliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of herbaceous and woody dicotyledonous plants. Engelhart (1957) gives a host index for V. albo-atrum which includes hosts of V. dahliae, but many reports attributing disease to V. albo-atrum almost certainly refer to V. dahliae. Moore (1959) lists the British records. Economically significant diseases are caused in cotton, strawberry, stone fruits and various solanaceous crops. DISEASES: Causes 'wilt' diseases: diurnal flaccidity followed by pemnanent wilting often indicate the onset of these diseases, but do not always occur. In herbaceous plants the symptoms normally affect the leaves in acropetai succession (but basipetal in mint), often showing one-sided pattems of chlorosis and necrosis that result from infection of only a few vascular bundles. Infected xylem commonly shows brown discoloration. Heavy infection in some hosts (e.g. tobacco) causes foliar chlorosis with progressive marginal and interveinal necrosis and defoliation. In trees and shrubs, individually affected branches show either rapid collapse and death of leaves or gradual yellowing and premature defoliation. For detailed discussion of symptom patterns in vascular diseases see Talboys (1968). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widesptead in temperate and sub-tropical regions (see CMI Map 366, ed. 2, 1969). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen persists in the soil for long periods, initially in debris of infected host-plants, possibly iater as free microsclerotia, infecting roots after contact. Disease problems commonly arise from repeated cropping with susceptible species, e.g. potato, tomato, strawberry. Activity of certain tylenchid nematodes may predispose some hosts to infection by Verticillium (40: 261). Spread of disease can result from dissemination of debris from infected plants and the use of planting stock vegetatively propagated on infested land. Transmission by superficial infection of seed has been reported for cotton (30: 367) and sunflower (39: 417).

TWO NEW SEVERE LEAF SPOT DISEASE ON FOREST TREES OF JALGAON (MAHARASTRA) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. FIRDOUSI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Severe Leaf

During the survey of the forest fungal disease, of Jalgaon district, two severe leaf spot diseases on Lannae coromandelica and ( Ougenia dalbergioides (Papilionaceae) were observed in Jalgaon, forest during July to September 2016-17. The casual organism was identified as Stigmina lanneae and Phomopsis sp. respectively1-4,7. These are first report from Jalgaon and Maharashtra state.

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