Colletotrichum capsici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Colletotrichum capsici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Aristolochia, Cicer, cotton, Eggplant, jute, tomato, turmeric and many others from a wide range of families. DISEASE: Dieback, stem break, anthracnose, leaf spot, seedling blight, fruit rot (dieback of young fruits and ripe rot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia, America and Australasia; has been recorded occasionally in Southern Europe. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne; persists in decayed fruits and other plant debris from which conidia are dispersed locally by water and air currents. No extensive growth in soil reported.

Cochliobolus lunatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Cochliobolus Lunatus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus lunatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded from a very wide range of angiosperms. DISEASE: Curvularia leaf spot, Curvularia seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in the tropics. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia and ascospores. The fungus can survive in the soil in sclerotial form (47, 431).

Phoma medicaginis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma medicaginis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Probably an opportunisitic pathogen and saprobe, while var. macrospora is more strongly pathogenic towards M. sativa. Contributory to causing (spring) black stem of forage legumes (mainly Medicago, possibly also Melilotus and Trifolium), involving seedling blight, stem canker, root rot and leaf spot. It develops as long dark lesions on petioles and stems, later encircling whole stems and spreading to cause crown and foot rot. HOSTS: On leaves, petioles, stems, roots and seeds of possibly a wide range of plants. However, many records require verification. The main host plant is Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), but also recorded on Melilotus and other Papilionaceae, including Arachis, Cicer, Glycine, Lathyrus, Lens, Phaseolus, Pisum, Trifolium, Trigonella, Vicia and Vigna. Non-leguminous host plants include Anacardium, Annona, Beta, Brassica, Chrysanthemum, Curcuma, Cyperus, Fragaria, Juniperus, Lycopersicon, Madhuca, Nicotiana, Phlox, Saccharum, Solanum, Striga, Themeda, Zea and Zinnia. Also reported from soil and indeterminate plant debris and from human scalp. While many records refer only to P. medicaginis s. lat., records for var. macrospora appear to indicate that it occurs more specifically on M. sativa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: West Indies. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne on plant debris with infection of new plants by rain splash. Probably also seed-borne if pods become infected.

Gibberella fujikuroi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Pokkah Boeng ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Sorghum Seedling

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella fujikuroi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On several hosts of economic importance in the Gramineae; also on a very wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Amarantaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Betulaceae, Bromeliaceae, Buxaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Iridaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Marantaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Palmae, Polemoniaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae (14: 708; 31: 515; 36: 501; 40: 89 and Herb. IMI). DISEASES: Causing seedling bright, food rot, stunting and hypertrophy of shoots ('bakanae') of rice; associated with seed rot, seedling blight, ear rot, root and stalk rot of maize and sorghum; stem rot and top rot ('pokkah boeng') of sugar-cane (also reported on sorghum); seedling blight, root rot and pink boll of cotton and seedling blight of wheat. Also recorded causing wilt in Crotalaria and decay to fruit of banana, pineapple and tomato. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in both humid and sub-humid temperate zones and extending into sub-topical and tropical zones in Africa, Asia, Australasia & Oceania, Europe, Central America & West Indies, and North & South America (CMI Map 102, Ed.3). TRANSMISSION: Both seed and soil-borne (13: 262) as well as by air-borne spores produced on over-wintered plant debris where the pathogen may retain its viability for over two years (12: 532).

Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pokkah Boeng ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On several hosts of economic importance in the Gramineae; also on a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Iridaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Palmae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sterculiaceae (14: 708; 31: 515; 36: 501; 40: 89 and Herb. IMI). DISEASES: Causes a seedling blight, and root, stalk and kernel rot of maize; also on heads and stalks of sorghum associated with a foot and stem rot, and causing a stem rot and top rot of sugar-cane ('pokkah boeng'). Other records include a wilt of Crotalaria, a heart rot of leaves of banana and Manila hemp, and fruit rot of banana, cacao and pineapple. There appear to be no references to pathogenicity to rice. Also entomogenous on cereal stem borer larvae and other insects (27: 71; 33: 382; 38: 141, 740). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika, Uganda); Asia (Formosa (Taiwan), Hong Kong, India, Java, Indo-China, Philippines, Syria); Australasia (Hawaii, New South Wales, New Zealand, Victoria); Europe (Czechoslovakia, Germany,? Italy, Poland, Romania); Central America & West Indies (French Antilles, Honduras, Trinidad); North America (Canada, United States); South America (Argentina, Peru). (CMI Map 191). TRANSMISSION: Both seed and soil-borne. Air-borne ascospores produced from perithecia on over-wintered plant debris or on dead stalks of sugar-cane at the beginning of the rainy season are also important sources of infection (30: 344). The pathogen may also be disseminated on pupae and adults of cereal stem borers and their parasites in sugar-cane (33: 382).

Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of host plants comprising 58 families including: avocado, castor, Cinchona spp., citrus, cotton, eggplant, guava, lucerne, papaw, parsley, pineapple, Piper betle, rhubarb, sesame, strawberry, tomato. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings (tomato, castor, citrus, cotton); root rot (citrus, avocado, strawberry, lucerne); crown rot (parsley, rhubarb, strawberry, lucerne); brown stem rot of tobacco; stem canker and tip blight of Cinchona spp. ; leaf blight (castor, sesame, pineapple, Piper betle) and fruit rot (citrus, tomato, guava, papaw, eggplant). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika); Asia (Burma, Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, Tasmania); Europe (Cyprus, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, U.S.S.R.); North America (Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad);. South America (Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, spreading rapidly after heavy rain or where soil remains moist or water-logged (40: 470). Also recorded in drainage water in India and in reservoirs and canals supplying citrus groves in U.S.A. (23: 45; 39: 24). A method for determining a disease potential index in soil using lemon fruit has been described (38: 4). Also present in testas of seeds from diseased citrus fruit which may infect nursery seedbeds (37: 165).

Pestalotiopsis guepinii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Extensive Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis guepinii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Camellia japonica, C. sinensis, Erica and Rhododendron, with occasion records on unrelated hosts including Hippocratea, Jatropha, Laurus, Pinus and Terminalia. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot, twig dieback, stem canker, petal rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Specimens in Herb. IMI from Ghana, Kenya, Togo, India, Bohemia, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK, USA. Reported in literature from Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Azores, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic. TRANSMISSION: Conidia from diseased material and trash are dispersed by contact, water splash and local air currents, possibly to a limited extent by soil although extensive growth in soil has not been reported. It may also be seed-borne.

Phoma prunicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Morgan-Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma prunicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Malus spp., Prunus spp., and a variety of other substrates. DISEASE: Leaf spot of apple, pear and species of Prunus. Thought to be a secondary invader. Isolated from fruit rot of lemon (31: 487). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania); Asia (India, Israel); Australasia (Tasmania); Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, U.S.S.R.); N. America (United States). TRANSMISSION: Probably seed and soil borne. Dissemination by rain.

Pleospora herbarum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pleospora herbarum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts including apple, ash, broad bean, clover, endive, gladiolus, gramineae, lettuce, lupin, muskmelon, onion, Onobrychis, Medicago sativa, mangold, tomato, Trifolium, Vicia (40: 230). DISEASES: Leaf spot of mangold, clover (Trifolium), lucerne (Medicago sativa), endive, lettuce, onion seedlings and gladiolus, net blotch of field and broad bean (Vicia), ring spot of sanfoin (Onobrychis) foot rot of tomato. Severe leaf spot on muskmelon may cause leaf fall and sun scald of fruit (37: 625). Lesions caused by other fungi may also be colonized as on lucerne (38: 11) or be associated with some other disease complex such as Pseudomonas savastanoi on ash (36: 144). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide; very common in temperate and sub-tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: Generally air-borne as ascospores or conidia. These penetrate the leaf or petiole via stomata (37: 365). May also occur on seeds (38: 146) and in soil.

Pseudomonas lachrymans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Pseudomonas Lachrymans

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas lachrymans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cucumis sativus and C. anguria. It may also attack C. melo var. inodorus (26: 140) and some other cucurbits. Elliott (31: 105) lists 10 hosts, all in the Cucurbitaceae. DISEASE: Angular leaf spot of cucumber. Small water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, petioles, stems, and fruits. On leaves they enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by veins They become tan to brown and the necrotic centres may fall out. On petioles, stems, and fruit spots develop white crusty bactenal exudate. A fruit rot develops if the bacteria penetrate deeply. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North and parts of Central America, most of Europe, U.S.S.R., China, Japan, W. Australia, Israel, southern Africa. (CMI Map 355, ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is seed-borne and infects the cotyledons dunng germination. It can overwinter on infected crop residue in the soil and has been found viable in dry leaf matenal after two and a half years (36: 677). The bacteria are carried from plant to plant within a crop by rain splash and probably by insects (Carsner, 1918; 31: 272). Workers can also spread the disease, particularly when foliage is wet with rain or dew (35: 810).

Myrothecium roridum Leaf Spot and Stem Canker on Watermelon in the Southern Great Plains: Possible Factors for Its Outbreak

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny D. Bruton ◽  
Wayne W. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical Features

In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease was observed for the first time in Oklahoma causing moderate to severe defoliation. Using microscopic examination, the physical features of the fungus were consistent with Myrothecium roridum. There was a wide range of susceptibility among watermelon cultivars in the field indicating a moderately high level of resistance to Myrothecium leaf spot in some cultivars. In greenhouse inoculation experiments, cantaloupe, honeydew, cucumber, squash, and watermelon were all susceptible to the fungus with cantaloupe and honeydew being the most susceptible and watermelon the most resistant. Furthermore, greenhouse inoculations supported the field observations as differential resistance was exhibited among the watermelon cultivars as well as the cucurbit types. Although cantaloupe was most susceptible to the foliar phase of this disease, watermelon was most susceptible to the fruit-rot phase. Natural infection of watermelon fruit has never been reported. Accepted for publication 15 December 2011. Published 30 January 2012.

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