Alternaria crassa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Jimson Weed ◽  
Thorn Apple

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria crassa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Datura stramonium (Jimson weed, thorn apple) and other species of Datura. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Datura. Irregular, straw-coloured, zonate spots occur first on the lower leaves, spreading upwards until later in the growing season the seed pods develop dark, sunken lesions. Heavily infected leaves are often shed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Cyprus, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Germany, Ghana, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Rhodesia, Rumania, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Not known.

Entyloma serotinum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma serotinum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Symphytum spp., including S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum and S. tuberosum; Borago officinalis; also recorded on Amsinckia, Lappula and Mertensia spp. (in USA) and Pulmonaria (in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of Symphylum, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the Boraginaceae.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.

Entyloma ficariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Remains

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma ficariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ranunculus ficaria and other species of Ranunculus; R. acris, R. auricomus, R. bongardii, R. cassubicus, R. eremogenes, R. macounii, R. montanus, R. multifidus, R. nemorosus, R. occidentalis, R. oreophilus, R. pennsylvanicus, R. polyanthemos, R. repens, R. sardous, R. scleratus, R. septentrionalis; there are occasional records for other Ranunculaceae (Anemone, Thalictrum). DISEASE: Leaf spot or white smut of Ranunculus species. Infected plants often show slightly smaller leaves and fewer flowers than uninfected. Although the smut is not systemic, it is common for almost every leaf of a plant to develop spots and for disease to persist within a small area year after year. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in north temperate regions. Asia: Japan, Turkey, USSR; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR; North America: Canada, USA (33: 450 & 634; Vanky, 1985). TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive in infected plant remains in soil and germinate, chiefly in spring, to infect the new seasons leaves. Conidia are disseminated by wind and rain and contribute to the spread of disease throughout the growing season.

Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Long Period

Abstract A description is provided for Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dahlia variabilis, D. coccinia, D. pinnata; cultivated dahlia. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Dahlia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Europe including Finland and Sweden; Africa; North America (USA); Central and South America and West Indies (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Venezuela); Asia (Burma, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea); Australia and New Zealand. CMI Map 114, ed. 4, 1983. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Overwinters as ustilospores buried in plant debris; not transmitted by seed or in tubers, although spread by soil attached to tubers is possible (6, 97; 17, 655; 41, 603; 49, 1050); mature ustilospores are capable of remaining viable for a long period when dry (16, 304). Conidia contribute to dissemination during the growing season (49, 1050).

Cladosporium echinulatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Germany

Abstract A description is provided for Cladosporium echinulatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dianthus spp., occasionally also on other similar members of the Caryophyllaceae, such as Lychnis and Saponaria. DISEASE: Leaf spot of carnation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda. Asia: Cyprus, India, Iran, Japan Turkey. Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, England, Finland, Italy, Iceland, Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, West Germany, Yugoslavia. North America: Canada (British Columbia), El Salvador, Mexico, USA (California, Florida, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Texas). South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Peru. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed by wind or rain, spreading from leaf to leaf, or to new plants.

Pseudomonas tabaci. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Windy Weather ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas tabaci. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On at least 12 species of Nicotiana, as well as Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Physalis grandiflora, Solanum melongena, S. nigrum and S. tuberosum (3: 611). Also infects plants belonging to numerous families, including some monocotyledons, when inoculated. The pathogen has been found naturally infecting various weeds (15: 613, 750), on the roots of weeds and crop plants without producing disease (21: 540) and associated with soyabean leaf pustule (29: 586: 35: 640). DISEASE: Wildfire of tobacco, a leaf spot. Chloroti spots appear and as they enlarge the centres become brown and dead and are surrounded by a wide chlorotic halo caused by the spread of a toxin into the adjacent tissue. Angular leaf spot, caused by P. angulata and does not produce the toxin shows no haloes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in parts of Africa,. Asia, Europe, North and South America (CMI Map 293, 1954). Additional reports include those from Nyasaland (Malawi) (41: 7), Morocco (42: 631), U.S.S.R. (37: 738; 40: 51:), Belgium (34: 345), Greece (34: 108; 40: 649), Poland (41: 568). and Colombia (33: 82). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen can overwinter and be carried into new areas on seed, in soil and in unrotted plant material, particularly if dry (3: 105, 611, 612; 15: 179). It can also live saprophytically for long periods on the roots of various crops and weeds in the absence of tobacco (21: 540). The bacteria spread rapidly in water droplets in wet, windy weather (2: 345; 15: 537). Various other agents may spread the disease, particularly when plants are wet. The chewing of infected leaf by workers has also been suggested as a means of spread (3: 612).

Septoria lycopersici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Septoria Lycopersici ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lycopersici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Lycopersicon esculentum. Also on Datura stramonium, Solanum carolinense, S. nigrum and S. melongena. Other species of Lycopersicon and Solanum tuberosum have been reported susceptible on inoculation (MacNeill, 1950). DISEASE: Leaf spot of tomato. Lesions abundant, amphigenous, circular to irregular, rarely confluent, often vein-limited and depressed, water-soaked, becoming pale brown and later grey with dark margins, up to 2 mm. diam. All stages of growth of the plant may be attacked. Severe infection causes leaves to shrivel and produces premature defoliation, exposing the fruit to sun-scald. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on tomato (CMI Map 108, ed. 3, 1959). TRANSMISSION: Spores are disseminated by rain-splash and wind-blown water, and may also be carried on the hands and clothing of fruit-pickers or by insects (chiefly beetles) (Martin, 1918; 20: 183). The fungus is not a soil inhabitant but may persist in a viable condition from one season to the next on debris of diseased plants incorporated in the soil (3: 615; 20: 181). Solanaceous weeds also serve as one of the main means of overwintering the pathogen (3: 615). Seed contaminated with spores can produce infected seedlings (20: 183) but there is some doubt whether the pathogen is truly seed-borne (32: 154; 43, 3324; Noble et al, 1958).

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Pestalozziella subsessilis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Infraspecific Variation ◽  
Chaetomella Raphigera

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalozziella subsessilis, a colonizer of living leaves, causing leaf spot symptoms leading to leaves fading and dying. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, economic impacts, infraspecific variation and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Wisconsin), Kazakhstan, Russia, New Zealand, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Ukraine, and United Kingdom), hosts (Geranium carolinianum (leaf), G. collinum (leaf), G. columbianum (leaf), G. columbinum (leaf), G. macrorrhizum (leaf), G. maculatum (leaf), G. palustre (leaf), G. pratense (leaf), G. pusillum (leaf), G. pyrenaicum (leaf), G. robertianum (leaf), G. sanguineum (leaf), G. sylvaticum (leaf), G. wlassovianum (leaf), Geranium sp., and Oxypolis rigidor [Tiedemannia rigida]) and associated fungi Chaetomella raphigera.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.

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