Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Caribbean Pine ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract P. caribaea, especially P. caribaea var. hondurensis, is widely planted throughout the American, Asian, and African tropics and subtropics. It is fast growing and has very versatile wood. P. caribaea var. hondurensis is the most productive of the three varieties of P. caribaea. P. caribaea var. hondurensis grows on a wide variety of sites in the tropics and subtropics at altitudes below 800 m (Whitmore and Liegel, 1980), although it also grows well up to altitudes of 1500 m or more. Worldwide interest has been focused on rapid-growing selections and provenances of the variety hondurensis. It has been found that var. hondurensis crossed naturally with P. oocarpa, and P. oocarpa var. ochoterenai produces progeny that have better form and are faster growers than their parents (Perry, 1991). P. elliottii crossed with P. caribaea var. hondurensis has made a major contribution to the success of commercial forestry in Queensland, Australia. These successes have also stimulated interest in hybrids in other countries such as South Africa, Brazil and Fiji.

scholarly journals Large-scale screening of natural genetic resource in the hydrocarbon-producing microalga Botrycoccus braunii identified novel fast-growing strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kawamura ◽  
Suzune Nishikawa ◽  
Kotaro Hirano ◽  
Ardianor Ardianor ◽  
Rudy Agung Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Algal Biofuel ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

AbstractAlgal biofuel research aims to make a renewable, carbon–neutral biofuel by using oil-producing microalgae. The freshwater microalga Botryococcus braunii has received much attention due to its ability to accumulate large amounts of petroleum-like hydrocarbons but suffers from slow growth. We performed a large-scale screening of fast-growing strains with 180 strains isolated from 22 ponds located in a wide geographic range from the tropics to cool-temperate. A fast-growing strain, Showa, which recorded the highest productivities of algal hydrocarbons to date, was used as a benchmark. The initial screening was performed by monitoring optical densities in glass tubes and identified 9 wild strains with faster or equivalent growth rates to Showa. The biomass-based assessments showed that biomass and hydrocarbon productivities of these strains were 12–37% and 11–88% higher than that of Showa, respectively. One strain, OIT-678 established a new record of the fastest growth rate in the race B strains with a doubling time of 1.2 days. The OIT-678 had 36% higher biomass productivity, 34% higher hydrocarbon productivity, and 20% higher biomass density than Showa at the same cultivation conditions, suggesting the potential of the new strain to break the record for the highest productivities of hydrocarbons.

Lantana camara (lantana).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Thomas ◽  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

Abstract L. camara is a highly variable ornamental shrub, native of the neotropics. It has been introduced to most of the tropics and subtropics as a hedge plant and has since been reported as extremely weedy and invasive in many countries. It is generally deleterious to biodiversity and has been reported as an agricultural weed resulting in large economic losses in a number of countries. In addition to this, it increases the risk of fire, is poisonous to livestock and is a host for numerous pests and diseases. L. camara is difficult to control. In Australia, India and South Africa aggressive measures to eradicate L. camara over the last two centuries have been largely unsuccessful, and the invasion trajectory has continued upwards despite control measures. This species has been the target of biological control programmes for over a century, with successful control only being reported in a few instances.

Diplocarpon earliana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon earliana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Fragaria. DISEASE: Strawberry leaf scorch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Throughout temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Malaysia, Taiwan, Australia and New Guinea; Africa (Rhodesia, Zambia, South Africa, Canary Islands); Europe (except Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Russia); North America (Canada, USA, Jamaica); South America (Brazil, Uruguay); Asia (Armenia, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, W. Malaysia). Appears to be most important in USA and eastern Europe (CMI Map 452, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by splash dispersal of conidia from infected leaves. Ascospores appear to be unimportant and in some regions (Poland; 46, 2074) where the perfect state has not been found.

Performance of Anthocephaluschinensis in Puerto Rico

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel E. Lugo ◽  
Julio Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
The Tropics

The growth of kadam (Anthocephaluschinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp.), a fast-growing Asiatic species, was studied under different soil and climatic conditions in Puerto Rico. Plantings included a 10-year-old line planting, a 12.5-year-old plantation, 12 localities with 20-year-old single tree plots, and 1 locality with four 52-year-old trees. Over 600 trees were measured in all. Growth rates were comparable to those of fast-growing species elsewhere in the tropics; e.g., the 12.5-year-old plantation had a volume growth of 27.8 m3•ha−1•year−1 (77% was merchantable wood), a basal area growth of 1.82 m2•ha−1•year−1, and a total aboveground biomass production of 11.5 t•ha−1•year−1. Trees grew well both in plantations and in lines under natural forest. The 20-year-old single tree plots averaged up to 1 m•year−1 in height growth and 53 cm2•year−1 in basal area growth. Highest rates were observed in localities with high annual rainfall (>2500 mm) and with phosphorus- and silt-rich soils of high bulk density and low pH. After 10 years, basal area growth of trees was fastest in volcanic deep clay locations, followed, in order, by trees on volcanic shallow loams, calcareous soils, and plutonic sandy loams. However, basal area growth during the first 5 years was fastest in the plutonic sandy loams and slowest in the calcareous soils. After 20 years, volcanic deep clay soils still supported the fastest basal area growth rate (about 100 cm2•year−1), while the other locations converged at about 30 cm2•year−1. Trees reached maximum height after 20 years (average, 19 m; maximum, 26.5 m). Kadam growth was limited by close spacings (below 2.5 × 2.5 m). Trees exhibited excellent form (ratio of diameter at 1.3 m to diameter at 4.9 m > 0.8). We found no evidence of pest or disease attacks on trees, but noted severe tapering and stem twist in localities having poor growth rates. Results underline the need for caution when making species adaptability assessments in the tropics with short-term (<10 years) data.

Diplocarpon maculatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central American ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
American States ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Diplocarpon maculatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Amelanchier, Aronia, Crataegus, Cydonia, Eriobotrya, Heteromeles, Malus, Mespilus, Photinia, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Raphiolepis, Sorbus. DISEASE: Entomosporium leaf blight or Fabraea scald. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally throughout the temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Central America and highlands of Kenya. North America (Canada, USA, Mexico), Central American states, South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay), Europe, Africa (Morocco, South Africa, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Madagascar, Kenya), Asia (Afghanistan, India, Israel, Japan, Turkey, USSR), Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 327, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: By splash dispersed conidia; ascospores appear to be of minor importance.

Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract A. lebbeck is a medium to fast-growing, drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing tree, widely introduced and now found throughout the tropics. It is adapted to a variety of climates from semi-arid to humid regions, and can tolerate saline, alkaline and marginal soils. It is a valuable and versatile tree producing small timber, fuel and fodder, and commonly used as an ornamental and shelter tree. While commonly grown in plantations, it is also promoted as an agroforestry species, especially in dryland silvopastoral systems.

scholarly journals Gereformeerde teologiese opleiding en die toekoms

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Theological Training

In this article the author highlights five trends which will increasingly challenge reformed theological training in the South Africa of the future. These trends are illustrated byare: - the fast-growing church, - the growing nominality, - the increasing poverty, - the growing cities, and - the growing integration in society.

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