Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract A. lebbeck is a medium to fast-growing, drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing tree, widely introduced and now found throughout the tropics. It is adapted to a variety of climates from semi-arid to humid regions, and can tolerate saline, alkaline and marginal soils. It is a valuable and versatile tree producing small timber, fuel and fodder, and commonly used as an ornamental and shelter tree. While commonly grown in plantations, it is also promoted as an agroforestry species, especially in dryland silvopastoral systems.

scholarly journals Large-scale screening of natural genetic resource in the hydrocarbon-producing microalga Botrycoccus braunii identified novel fast-growing strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kawamura ◽  
Suzune Nishikawa ◽  
Kotaro Hirano ◽  
Ardianor Ardianor ◽  
Rudy Agung Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Algal Biofuel ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

AbstractAlgal biofuel research aims to make a renewable, carbon–neutral biofuel by using oil-producing microalgae. The freshwater microalga Botryococcus braunii has received much attention due to its ability to accumulate large amounts of petroleum-like hydrocarbons but suffers from slow growth. We performed a large-scale screening of fast-growing strains with 180 strains isolated from 22 ponds located in a wide geographic range from the tropics to cool-temperate. A fast-growing strain, Showa, which recorded the highest productivities of algal hydrocarbons to date, was used as a benchmark. The initial screening was performed by monitoring optical densities in glass tubes and identified 9 wild strains with faster or equivalent growth rates to Showa. The biomass-based assessments showed that biomass and hydrocarbon productivities of these strains were 12–37% and 11–88% higher than that of Showa, respectively. One strain, OIT-678 established a new record of the fastest growth rate in the race B strains with a doubling time of 1.2 days. The OIT-678 had 36% higher biomass productivity, 34% higher hydrocarbon productivity, and 20% higher biomass density than Showa at the same cultivation conditions, suggesting the potential of the new strain to break the record for the highest productivities of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Irrigation-Yield Production Functions and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Response of Drought-Tolerant and Non-Drought-Tolerant Maize Hybrids under Different Irrigation Levels, Population Densities, and Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Ali T. Mohammed ◽  
William Kranz ◽  
C.D. Yonts ◽  
Simon van Donk
Keyword(s):  
Production Functions ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Semi Arid

Irrigation-yield production functions (IYPFs), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and grain production per unit of applied irrigation of non-drought-tolerant (NDT) and drought-tolerant (DT) maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were quantified in four locations with different climates in Nebraska [Concord (sub-humid), Clay Center (transition zone between sub-humid and semi-arid); North Platte (semi-arid); and, Scottsbluff (semi-arid)] during three growing seasons (2010, 2011, and 2012) at three irrigation levels (fully-irrigated treatment (FIT), early cut-off (ECOT), and rainfed (RFT)) under two plant population densities (PPDs) (low-PPD; 59,300 plants ha−1; and, high-PPD, 84,000 plants ha−1). Overall, DT hybrids’ performance was superior to NDT hybrid at RFT, ECT, and FIT conditions, as confirmed by the yield response, IYPF and IWUE when all locations, years, and PPDs were averaged. The yield response to water was greater with the high-PPD than the low-PPD in most cases. The magnitude of the highest yields for DT hybrids ranged from 7.3 (low-PPD) to 8.5% (high-PPD) under RFT, 3.7 (low-PPD) to 9.6% (high-PPD) under ECOT, and 3.9% (high-PPD) under FIT higher than NDT hybrid. Relatively, DT hybrids can resist drought-stress conditions longer than NDT hybrid with fewer penalties in yield reduction and maintain comparable or even higher yield production at non-stress-water conditions.

scholarly journals Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Grand Cayman ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Launaea intybacea is a fast-growing herb that grows as a weed in disturbed sites, and waste and cultivated land. Its ability to succeed on ruderal and disturbed sites has made L. intybaceae the most widespread species of the genus. This species is also adapted to dry conditions and thus can be found growing in dry and semi-arid habitats. L. intybacea spreads by seeds which can be easily dispersed by wind and water and as a contaminant in soil, on agricultural machinery or stuck to vehicles and clothing. Currently it is listed as invasive in the Bahamas, Cuba and the Dominican Republic and as "potentially invasive" in Jamaica, Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, St Eustatius and Grand Cayman.

scholarly journals Incorporating leucaena into goat production systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Frances C. Cowley ◽  
Romana Roschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Keynote Paper ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Worm Control ◽  
Farming Systems Research ◽  
Feeding Systems

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.The integration of leucaena into goat production systems in the tropics and subtropics is reviewed. Goats are well adapted to leucaena, and able to be productive on diets containing up to 100% leucaena as a result of bacterial and hepatic detoxification. Incorporation of leucaena into goat production systems can improve liveweight gains, milk production, worm control and reproduction. Successful feeding systems for goats can be based on both grazed silvopastoral systems and cut-and-carry intensive systems, although there is a lack of farming systems research examining the integration of leucaena into goat production systems, or documentation of the practicalities of these practices.

Performance of Anthocephaluschinensis in Puerto Rico

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel E. Lugo ◽  
Julio Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
The Tropics

The growth of kadam (Anthocephaluschinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp.), a fast-growing Asiatic species, was studied under different soil and climatic conditions in Puerto Rico. Plantings included a 10-year-old line planting, a 12.5-year-old plantation, 12 localities with 20-year-old single tree plots, and 1 locality with four 52-year-old trees. Over 600 trees were measured in all. Growth rates were comparable to those of fast-growing species elsewhere in the tropics; e.g., the 12.5-year-old plantation had a volume growth of 27.8 m3•ha−1•year−1 (77% was merchantable wood), a basal area growth of 1.82 m2•ha−1•year−1, and a total aboveground biomass production of 11.5 t•ha−1•year−1. Trees grew well both in plantations and in lines under natural forest. The 20-year-old single tree plots averaged up to 1 m•year−1 in height growth and 53 cm2•year−1 in basal area growth. Highest rates were observed in localities with high annual rainfall (>2500 mm) and with phosphorus- and silt-rich soils of high bulk density and low pH. After 10 years, basal area growth of trees was fastest in volcanic deep clay locations, followed, in order, by trees on volcanic shallow loams, calcareous soils, and plutonic sandy loams. However, basal area growth during the first 5 years was fastest in the plutonic sandy loams and slowest in the calcareous soils. After 20 years, volcanic deep clay soils still supported the fastest basal area growth rate (about 100 cm2•year−1), while the other locations converged at about 30 cm2•year−1. Trees reached maximum height after 20 years (average, 19 m; maximum, 26.5 m). Kadam growth was limited by close spacings (below 2.5 × 2.5 m). Trees exhibited excellent form (ratio of diameter at 1.3 m to diameter at 4.9 m > 0.8). We found no evidence of pest or disease attacks on trees, but noted severe tapering and stem twist in localities having poor growth rates. Results underline the need for caution when making species adaptability assessments in the tropics with short-term (<10 years) data.

Tough Lovelies: Crotons in Queensland from the 1870s to Now

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Late Part

When surveying the histories of plants under cultivation, one becomes immediately aware of the vagaries of shifting tastes. So it is with one of my favourite plants: the hardy croton, Codaieum variegatum. It was a popular hot-house plant in Europe during the nineteenth century, when colourful and variegated plants from the far corners of the world were all the rage. In the late part of the nineteenth century, these plants made their way to Australia, and were especially cultivated in Queensland. Even in sub-tropical Brisbane, plants can lose all their leaves in cold snaps during the mild winters, but further north, Queensland has a plant that can offer gardens a wide variety of colour and leaf shape. For a plant from the tropics, they are remarkably drought tolerant and have proved their resilience in both summer's heat and humidity, and our occasional extended droughts.

scholarly journals The impact of soil uptake on the global distribution of molecular hydrogen: chemical transport model simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6701-6719 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yashiro ◽  
K. Sudo ◽  
S. Yonemura ◽  
M. Takigawa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Soil Uptake ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The global tropospheric distribution of molecular hydrogen (H2) and its uptake by the soil are simulated using a model called CHemical AGCM (atmospheric general circulation model) for the Study of the Environment and Radiative forcing (CHASER), which incorporates a two-layered soil diffusion/uptake process component. The simulated distribution of deposition velocity over land is influenced by regional climate, and has a global average of 3.3×10−2 cm s−1. In the region north of 30° N, the amount of soil uptake shows a large seasonal variation corresponding to change in biological activity due to soil temperature and change in diffusion suppression by snow cover. In the temperate and humid regions in the mid- to low- latitudes, the uptake is mostly influenced by the soil air ratio, which controls the gas diffusivity in the soil. In the semi-arid regions, water stress and high temperatures contribute to the reduction of biological activity, as well as to the seasonal variation in the deposition velocity. A comparison with the observations shows that the model reproduces both the distribution and seasonal variation of H2 relatively well. The global burden and tropospheric lifetime of H2 are 150 Tg and 2.0 yr, respectively. The seasonal variation in H2 mixing ratios at the northern high latitudes is mainly controlled by a large seasonal change in the soil uptake. In the Southern Hemisphere, seasonal change in net chemical production and inter-hemispheric transport are the dominant causes of the seasonal cycle, while large biomass burning contributes significantly to the seasonal variation in the tropics and subtropics. Both observations and the model show large inter-annual variations, especially for the period 1997–1998, associated with large biomass burning in the tropics and at Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. The soil uptake shows relatively small inter-annual variability compared with the biomass burning signal. Given that the thickness of biologically inactive layer plays an important role in the soil uptake of H2, its value in the model is chosen to achieve agreement with the observed H2 trends. Uncertainty of the estimated soil uptake flux in the semi-arid region is still large, reflecting the discrepancy in the observed and modeled seasonal variations.

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