scholarly journals Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Vigorous Plant

Abstract Mussaenda erythrophylla is a popular ornamental plant grown in parks and gardens across tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Their showy and colourful inflorescences (from bright crimson to deep red) make this plant attractive for horticulturalists. It has also escaped from cultivation and can be found naturalized in forest edges, secondary forests, riverbanks, shrubby savannahs, and in thickets along roadsides. Plants in cultivation usually do not produce fruits, but spread vegetatively by layering. M. erythrophylla is a species of environmental concern because it is a vigorous plant that can form dense thickets up to 10 m high that can easily outcompete and displace other vegetation including native plant species.

scholarly journals Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana

Abstract Impatiens walleriana is one of the world's most widely grown ornamental plant species. It has repeatedly escaped from cultivation and usually can be found naturalized in secondary forests, coastal thickets, forest gullies, riversides, roadsides and damp shady places. When established it often forms dense and large stands in the understory of secondary forests and plantations that successfully outcompete native plant species and alter ecological succession. Currently, it is listed as invasive in China, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Galapagos, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Hawaii and the Canary Islands. Impatiens walleriana remains a source of great interest among gardeners and breeders, and new hybrids and varieties are developed every year, facilitating the introduction and spread of this species into new areas and thus increasing the likelihood that further invasions will take place.

scholarly journals Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Impatiens balsamina is an annual herb thought to be native to India and Myanmar. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range as an ornamental to Europe, Asia, the Americas, Oceania and some parts of tropical Africa. It has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized in disturbed sites and semi-natural habitats including secondary forests and forest edges. It spreads by seed and also vegetatively by stem fragments and can form dense stands in forest understory inhibiting germination and the establishment of seedlings, displacing native plant species. It is thought to be invasive to many tropical and subtropical islands in Oceania and the Caribbean as well as Costa Rica, Peru, the Galapagos Islands, the Philippines and parts of India.

Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed

Abstract C. juncea is a herbaceous biennial or perennial plant native to parts of Western Europe, north Africa and central Asia. It was accidentally introduced into a number of regions around the world as a contaminant of plant material, seed and fodder. C. juncea is invasive in Australia, Argentina, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and a number of states in the USA. C. juncea produces a large tap root which can compete with native plant species for nutrients and water. In Australia and Argentina it is a major problem of wheat fields and can reduce yields by 80%. In the USA, C. juncea is one of the invasive species impacting on the threatened species Silene spaldingii. A number of distinct genotypes of C. juncea exist which makes control of this species difficult. In addition to this, C. juncea is resistant to a large number of herbicides.

Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Abstract A. spinosus is a serious weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. For instance, it is a troublesome weed in agricultural areas, pastures, and orchards in Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Pacific region. In those regions, it is also a serious environmental weed in disturbed sites, secondary forests, along forest edges, and around water troughs (Lemmens and Bunyapraphatsara, 1999; Motooka et al., 2003; PIER, 2015; PROTA, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015). The plant has large thorns which make it unpalatable for grazing livestock and make weeding difficult in parts of the world where hand weeding and harvest are done by hand. Like other amaranths, it produces large numbers of seeds, which can mature after the plant has been cut, and remain viable for long periods.

Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non-native plant species in mountains around the world

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Seipel ◽  
Christoph Kueffer ◽  
Lisa J. Rew ◽  
Curtis C. Daehler ◽  
Aníbal Pauchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Mussaenda philippica (queen of Philippines).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Private And Public

Abstract Mussaenda philippica is a large shrub or small tree that is native to the Philippines and frequently cultivated as an ornamental in tropical regions. It can be found growing in parks, botanical gardens, private and public gardens and along roadsides and highways. Although plants in cultivation usually do not produce fruits, they can spread vegetatively by stem fragments and cuttings. M. philippica is a species of environmental concern because it can grow up to 8 m tall and has a wide spreading crown that may shade out other vegetation including native plant species.

scholarly journals Morphobiometry and Ecophysiology of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) in Cerrado Areas of Northeast Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Beatriz da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Maria do Amparo Ferreira ◽  
Tony César Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Maria da Conceição Prado de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The World ◽  
High Utility

Many studies have reported that native plant species can contribute to ensuring food security in the world. Among the Brazilian species, the Caryocar coriaceum has a high utility value for the communities in Northeast Brazil but it is under threat due to the degradation of the Cerrado savannah. One way to mitigate threats is to produce large-scale seedlings. Thus, it was attempted to evaluate methods to overcome dormancy of C. coriaceum to increase and standardize germination and to analyze its morphobiometric characteristics. The fruits were weighed, measured and subjected to the selected treatments. Tests were performed to overcome dormancy The fruits were planted at a depth of 5 cm. The results showed that the fruits of C. coriaceum presented asymmetric frequency distribution with high variability for the characteristic of weight. However, a marked variation of the literature data was found. About the germination treatments tested in the laboratory, none was effective in overcoming dormancy, which may be due to the presence of inhibitory substances. Concerning seed planting, a germination index of 35% was recorded after 12 months. The conclusions suggest that there is a high phenotypic variability of the genus in the cerrado and probably the presence of germination inhibitors in seeds of this species, which should be addressed to ensure germination.

scholarly journals Global environmental and socio-economic impacts of selected alien grasses as a basis for ranking threats to South Africa

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 19-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khensani V. Nkuna ◽  
Vernon Visser ◽  
John R.U. Wilson ◽  
Sabrina Kumschick
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Impact Score ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Impacts

Decisions to allocate management resources should be underpinned by estimates of the impacts of biological invasions that are comparable across species and locations. For the same reason, it is important to assess what type of impacts are likely to occur where, and if such patterns can be generalised. In this paper, we aim to understand factors shaping patterns in the type and magnitude of impacts of a subset of alien grasses. We used the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to review and quantify published impact records of 58 grass species that are alien to South Africa and to at least one other biogeographical realm. Based on the GISS scores, we investigated how impact magnitudes varied across habitats, regions and impact mechanisms using multiple regression. We found impact records for 48 species. Cortaderiaselloana had the highest overall impact score, although in contrast to five other species (Glyceriamaxima, Nassellatrichotoma, Phalarisaquatica, Polypogonmonspeliensis, and Sorghumhalepense) it did not score the highest possible impact score for any specific impact mechanism. Consistent with other studies, we found that the most frequent environmental impact was through competition with native plant species (with 75% of cases). Socio-economic impacts were recorded more often and tended to be greater in magnitude than environmental impacts, with impacts recorded particularly often on agricultural and animal production (57% and 51% of cases respectively). There was variation across different regions and habitats in impact magnitude, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, alien grasses present in South Africa have caused a wide range of negative impacts across most habitats and regions of the world. Reviewing impacts from around the world has provided important information for the management of alien grasses in South Africa, and, we believe, is an important component of management prioritisation processes in general.

scholarly journals Ipomoea alba (white moonflower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract Ipomoea alba is a fast-growing vine native to the Americas, which has been widely introduced across tropical and subtropical regions of the world where it has become naturalized and invasive. Once naturalized, this species behaves as an environmental weed with the potential to outcompete native plant species for nutrients, water and sunlight. It climbs using other plants for support and forms a dense canopy that shades out native vegetation. It also spreads over the ground, forming a dense mat of vegetation that inhibits the establishment and growth of other plant species. Currently this species is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds and it is listed as invasive in China, South Africa, Cuba, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific region.

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