Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed

Abstract C. juncea is a herbaceous biennial or perennial plant native to parts of Western Europe, north Africa and central Asia. It was accidentally introduced into a number of regions around the world as a contaminant of plant material, seed and fodder. C. juncea is invasive in Australia, Argentina, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and a number of states in the USA. C. juncea produces a large tap root which can compete with native plant species for nutrients and water. In Australia and Argentina it is a major problem of wheat fields and can reduce yields by 80%. In the USA, C. juncea is one of the invasive species impacting on the threatened species Silene spaldingii. A number of distinct genotypes of C. juncea exist which makes control of this species difficult. In addition to this, C. juncea is resistant to a large number of herbicides.

scholarly journals Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Angelica M. Reddy ◽  
Paul D. Pratt ◽  
Brenda J. Grewell ◽  
Nathan E. Harms ◽  
Ximena Cibils-Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Exotic water primroses (Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach for the management of invasive Ludwigia spp. but little is known regarding the natural enemies of these exotic plants. Herein the biology and host range of Lysathia flavipes (Boheman), a herbivorous beetle associated with Ludwigia spp. in Argentina and Uruguay, was studied to determine its suitability as a biocontrol agent for multiple closely related target weeds in the USA. The beetle matures from egg to adult in 19.9 ± 1.4 days at 25 °C; females lived 86.3 ± 35.6 days and laid 1510.6 ± 543.4 eggs over their lifespans. No-choice development and oviposition tests were conducted using four Ludwigia species and seven native plant species. Lysathia flavipes showed little discrimination between plant species: larvae aggressively fed and completed development, and the resulting females (F1 generation) oviposited viable eggs on most plant species regardless of origin. These results indicate that L. flavipes is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biocontrol agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA and further testing is not warranted.

scholarly journals Geography of international migration in the modern age of globalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Sintserov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Migrants

The article deals with international migration during the last decades of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st centuries and its economic-geographical analysis. The paper provides an overview of opinions about the dating of the contemporary era of global migration. It is shown that only after completion of spatial restructuring of migration processes and with the transition to sustainable growth of the share of international migrants in the world population, the modern increase of migration begins. On the basis of the UN statistics the main sources of migrants to the countries of Western Europe have been determined as well as shifts in the geographical structure of migrant population of the region that have taken place in the last quarter of a century. Two migration waves directed to the core of the European region from its southern and then from the eastern periphery are determined. The transformation of the USA population structure caused by the migration inflow from Latin America and Asia is described. The ratio of the main directions of global migration is shown: South-South, South-North, etc. At the same time, it is noted that a rather limited part of international migrations is associated with the asynchrony of demographic processes in the regions of the world. The article also discusses the remittances of migrants from developing countries to their homeland, forming powerful financial flows, which are second only to foreign direct investment. They play an especially important role in the economies of developing countries. The calculations show that the contribution of international migrants to the world economy far exceeds their share in the world population.

scholarly journals “Sapere audite ...” Melanchthon – sestiende-eeuse humanis en belangrike reformator

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D'Assonville
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Philipp Melanchthon ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reformation History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Terwyl Philipp Melanchthon allerweë in wetenskaplike kringe in Wes-Europa sowel as die VSA erkenning geniet vir sy reuse bydrae tot die Reformasie en die Westerse universiteitswese, is hy in sommige dele van die wêreld, ongelukkig ook in Suid-Afrika, taamlik onbekend. Dikwels verdwyn hy in die skadu van Luther en Calvyn. In eie reg was sy bydrae tot die hervorming van die kerk, sowel as die ontwikkeling van geesteswetenskappe en feitlik die volledige spektrum van wetenskappe in sy tyd egter só geweldig groot dat dit moeilik is om nie slegs in die oortreffende trap daarvan te praat nie. In hierdie artikel word doelbewus aandag aan die verhouding tussen sy rol as humanistiese geleerde in die sestiende-eeuse konteks en sy bydrae as kerkhervormer gegee, om sodoende meer insig oor die agtergrond van die komplekse reformasiegeskiedenis te bied. Abstract While Philip Melanchthon enjoys wide acclaim in scientific circles in Western Europe as well as the USA for his tremendous contribution to the Reformation and establishment of Western universities, he is unfortunately relatively unknown in some parts of the world, including South Africa. Often he recedes into the shadow of Luther and Calvin. In his own right his contribution to the sixteenth-century reformation of the church and the development of the Humanities – and in fact close to the entire spectrum of the sciences of his time – was so profound that it is hard not to acclaim him to the superlative degree. In this article, attention is deliberately given to the relationship between his role as humanistic scholar in the sixteenth century context and his contribution as church reformer, in order to provide more clarity on the context of the complexity of church reformation history.

scholarly journals North Africa in Russian Travelers Perception: Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt in Russian Travelogues

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Samiha Mulahi
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
North African Countries

The article is devoted to the analysis of Russian travelers ideas about North African countries (Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt) in the period from the end of the XIX century to the beginning of the XX century. The paper considers the perception of this geographical area by Russian travelers in literary travelogues. North Africa in the designated period of time was considered not only as the cradle of ancient and great civilization, but also as a Europeanized, modernized territory of the Arab area. The travelogues analyzed in the article make it possible to distinguish in them two different cultural pictures of the world - North Africa and the picture of the world of Western Europe reflected in it.

A Worldview Evolution?

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Erik R. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Political Psychology ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
European Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
West European Politics ◽  
The Usa ◽  
West European

The concluding chapter revisits the main arguments and findings of each chapter before turning to a discussion of their implications for our understanding of West European politics. The first implication is that the worldview evolution described in this book is rooted in political psychology rather than group interests or identity. Second, the worldview evolution occurring in Western Europe bears similarities to developments in the USA and other advanced democracies. Though the differences in context mediate how this evolution develops in each part of the world, similar divisions over social cohesion and community are at their heart. Finally, this book’s findings suggest that issues relating to social cohesion and diversity will remain contentious in the coming years. By contrast, economic and class issues may evolve to reflect the new structure of party conflict. Finding common ground across these worldviews will be a core challenge of West European democratic politics in the coming years.

Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non-native plant species in mountains around the world

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Seipel ◽  
Christoph Kueffer ◽  
Lisa J. Rew ◽  
Curtis C. Daehler ◽  
Aníbal Pauchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Manilkara zapota (sapodilla).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Andrew Praciak
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Central America ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Exotic Pest Plant

Abstract M. zapota, commonly known as sapodilla, is an evergreen tree, 5-20 m tall, with a round, dense crown. Its native range encompasses Central America, Mexico and the West Indies, but it is now widely cultivated for its fruit to a greater or lesser extent in tropical and subtropical lowlands worldwide. It is an important fruit tree all over South-East Asia, grown in home gardens, orchards and plantations. The largest producers of sapodilla fruit are India, Thailand, the Philippines and Malaysia, but it is also grown commercially elsewhere in Asia, South and Central America, and Florida in the USA. Escapes from plantations have caused the species to be classed as a moderately invasive weed in the tropics (Binggeli et al., 1998), although in the USA it is of particular concern in southern and central Florida, where it is classed as a Category I invasive displacing the native flora (Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2001). It is also listed as invasive in Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago Biodiversity, 2017). Trees cast dense shade, making it difficult for other plants to survive in the understorey. Seedlings also grow very densely, inhibiting the establishment of native plant species.

scholarly journals Heterodera ustinovi (grass cyst nematode).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Powers
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
South West ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Native Parasite

Abstract There is limited evidence available to suggest that H. ustinovi is invasive. The identical COI halpotypes shared between the USA and Europe most likely represent recent introductions. The small amount of genetic information from North America suggests that H. ustinovi is widespread in the south west (Arizona), midwest (Ohio) and New England states, with little genetic differentiation. H. ustinovi has not been found on any plant species in the USA other than introduced Agrostis species and in turf/golf course settings. A lot of nematodes are transported in turf from turf farms. The initial discovery on native Agrostis in the Ukraine would suggest a potential native parasite existing on a native plant species, but, there are very few of samples on which to base these comparisons.

Carotenoids and other pigments as natural colorants

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Food Colorants ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Food colorants may be classified into synthetic, nature-identical, inorganic, and natural colorants. Natural colorants for food are made from renewable sources. Most often, the colorants are extracted from plant material, but other sources such as insects, algae, cyanobacteria, and fungi are used as well. Natural colorants are usually extracted and concentrated using either water or lower alcohols for water-soluble pigments and organic solvents for lipophilic pigments. Legislation restricts which colorants are allowed, what sources may be used for that particular colorant, what solvents may be used to extract it, and the purity of the pigment. Colorants are formulated to make them more suitable for a variety of foods and drinks (e.g., lipophilic pigments for use in beverages) and to increase their stability. The natural colorants allowed in the EU and the USA are presented. Many of these colorants are also allowed in most parts of the world. A few colorants that are not allowed in the EU and the USA, but are important food colorants in other parts of the world, are also presented.

Equities and Exchanges, 1970–92

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-107
Author(s):  
Ranald C. Michie
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Investors

Even after barriers to financial flows began to be removed in the 1970s equity investment continued to be conducted on a national basis, because of political, currency, and liquidity risks. There was no equivalent among equities of those bonds that attracted all international investors, such as US government debt; a currency such as the US$ that underpinned global financial transactions; or highly liquid derivative contracts that could be used to hedge risk. However, in 1980s equities acquired global appeal and cross-border investment expanded rapidly, though remaining dwarfed by domestic holdings. Nevertheless, a major obstacle to the emergence of a global equity market remained in the form of the institutional nature of the exchanges in which trading took place. Attempts at reform had already taken place in the USA in the 1970s but that left the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq as an effective duopoly. The institutional nature of the equity market frustrated the ambitions of the megabanks and the interdealer brokers as they wanted direct access to the trading system. That barrier to change was finally breached in the 1980s when membership of London Stock Exchange was opened up to these global banks and trading moved online. This event was known as Big Bang and had implications around the world, but especially in Western Europe, because of London’s importance as an international financial centre. Combined with the ending of exchange controls Big Bang made the global equity market much more competitive, forcing change upon reluctant exchanges and protective regulators around the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document