Morphobiometry and Ecophysiology of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) in Cerrado Areas of Northeast Brazil

Many studies have reported that native plant species can contribute to ensuring food security in the world. Among the Brazilian species, the Caryocar coriaceum has a high utility value for the communities in Northeast Brazil but it is under threat due to the degradation of the Cerrado savannah. One way to mitigate threats is to produce large-scale seedlings. Thus, it was attempted to evaluate methods to overcome dormancy of C. coriaceum to increase and standardize germination and to analyze its morphobiometric characteristics. The fruits were weighed, measured and subjected to the selected treatments. Tests were performed to overcome dormancy The fruits were planted at a depth of 5 cm. The results showed that the fruits of C. coriaceum presented asymmetric frequency distribution with high variability for the characteristic of weight. However, a marked variation of the literature data was found. About the germination treatments tested in the laboratory, none was effective in overcoming dormancy, which may be due to the presence of inhibitory substances. Concerning seed planting, a germination index of 35% was recorded after 12 months. The conclusions suggest that there is a high phenotypic variability of the genus in the cerrado and probably the presence of germination inhibitors in seeds of this species, which should be addressed to ensure germination.

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Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed).

10.1079/cpc.110385.20210099951 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah E. Thomas

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Plant Material ◽

Western Europe ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Tap Root ◽

The World ◽

The Usa ◽

Rush Skeletonweed

Abstract C. juncea is a herbaceous biennial or perennial plant native to parts of Western Europe, north Africa and central Asia. It was accidentally introduced into a number of regions around the world as a contaminant of plant material, seed and fodder. C. juncea is invasive in Australia, Argentina, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and a number of states in the USA. C. juncea produces a large tap root which can compete with native plant species for nutrients and water. In Australia and Argentina it is a major problem of wheat fields and can reduce yields by 80%. In the USA, C. juncea is one of the invasive species impacting on the threatened species Silene spaldingii. A number of distinct genotypes of C. juncea exist which makes control of this species difficult. In addition to this, C. juncea is resistant to a large number of herbicides.

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Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non-native plant species in mountains around the world

Global Ecology and Biogeography ◽

10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00664.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 236-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Tim Seipel ◽

Christoph Kueffer ◽

Lisa J. Rew ◽

Curtis C. Daehler ◽

Aníbal Pauchard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

The World

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Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): An Invasive Coastal Species

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00055.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 340-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Matthew M. Cousins ◽

Jeanne Briggs ◽

Chuck Gresham ◽

Jack Whetstone ◽

Ted Whitwell

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vegetative Reproduction ◽

Sea Turtle ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Native Plant ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Invasive Shrub ◽

Coastal Species

AbstractBeach vitex is a salt-tolerant, perennial, invasive shrub that has naturalized in coastal areas of the southeastern United States. Since its introduction in the 1980s, this Pacific Rim native has invaded many fragile beach-dune ecosystems along the Mid-Atlantic, Southern Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico. Large-scale monocultures of beach vitex supplant native species through rapid vegetative reproduction and seed production. Fruits are capable of water-based dispersal, allowing for potential rapid range expansion in coastal areas. Ecosystem damage resulting from exclusion of native plant species by beach vitex and fears associated with potential negative effects on sea turtle nesting have served to promote the control and survey efforts presently underway in coastal areas of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland.

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Global environmental and socio-economic impacts of selected alien grasses as a basis for ranking threats to South Africa

NeoBiota ◽

10.3897/neobiota.41.26599 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 19-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Khensani V. Nkuna ◽

Vernon Visser ◽

John R.U. Wilson ◽

Sabrina Kumschick

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Grass Species ◽

Native Plant ◽

Impact Score ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World ◽

Negative Impacts

Decisions to allocate management resources should be underpinned by estimates of the impacts of biological invasions that are comparable across species and locations. For the same reason, it is important to assess what type of impacts are likely to occur where, and if such patterns can be generalised. In this paper, we aim to understand factors shaping patterns in the type and magnitude of impacts of a subset of alien grasses. We used the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to review and quantify published impact records of 58 grass species that are alien to South Africa and to at least one other biogeographical realm. Based on the GISS scores, we investigated how impact magnitudes varied across habitats, regions and impact mechanisms using multiple regression. We found impact records for 48 species. Cortaderiaselloana had the highest overall impact score, although in contrast to five other species (Glyceriamaxima, Nassellatrichotoma, Phalarisaquatica, Polypogonmonspeliensis, and Sorghumhalepense) it did not score the highest possible impact score for any specific impact mechanism. Consistent with other studies, we found that the most frequent environmental impact was through competition with native plant species (with 75% of cases). Socio-economic impacts were recorded more often and tended to be greater in magnitude than environmental impacts, with impacts recorded particularly often on agricultural and animal production (57% and 51% of cases respectively). There was variation across different regions and habitats in impact magnitude, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, alien grasses present in South Africa have caused a wide range of negative impacts across most habitats and regions of the world. Reviewing impacts from around the world has provided important information for the management of alien grasses in South Africa, and, we believe, is an important component of management prioritisation processes in general.

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Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush).

10.1079/isc.120124.20203482918 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julissa Rojas-Sandoval

Keyword(s):

Environmental Concern ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Native Plant ◽

Forest Edges ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

The World ◽

Red Flag ◽

Plant Grown ◽

Vigorous Plant

Abstract Mussaenda erythrophylla is a popular ornamental plant grown in parks and gardens across tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Their showy and colourful inflorescences (from bright crimson to deep red) make this plant attractive for horticulturalists. It has also escaped from cultivation and can be found naturalized in forest edges, secondary forests, riverbanks, shrubby savannahs, and in thickets along roadsides. Plants in cultivation usually do not produce fruits, but spread vegetatively by layering. M. erythrophylla is a species of environmental concern because it is a vigorous plant that can form dense thickets up to 10 m high that can easily outcompete and displace other vegetation including native plant species.

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Ipomoea alba (white moonflower).

10.1079/isc.119823.20203483466 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julissa Rojas-Sandoval

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Zealand ◽

Plant Species ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World ◽

Environmental Weed

Abstract Ipomoea alba is a fast-growing vine native to the Americas, which has been widely introduced across tropical and subtropical regions of the world where it has become naturalized and invasive. Once naturalized, this species behaves as an environmental weed with the potential to outcompete native plant species for nutrients, water and sunlight. It climbs using other plants for support and forms a dense canopy that shades out native vegetation. It also spreads over the ground, forming a dense mat of vegetation that inhibits the establishment and growth of other plant species. Currently this species is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds and it is listed as invasive in China, South Africa, Cuba, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific region.

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Image Spectral Resolution Enhancement for Mapping Native Plant Species in a Typical Area of the Three-River Headwaters Region, China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12193146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3146

Author(s):

Benlin Wang ◽

Ru An ◽

Tong Jiang ◽

Fei Xing ◽

Feng Ju

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Plant Species ◽

Spectral Resolution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Resolution Enhancement ◽

Native Plant ◽

Remote Sensing Images ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Enhancement Method ◽

Multispectral Remote Sensing

Large-scale multispectral remote sensing data are often unavailable for some practical applications. Spectral resolution enhancement for large-scale multispectral remote sensing images by incorporating small-scale hyperspectral remote sensing images is an alternative way to generate remote sensing images with both large spatial range and high spectral resolution. This paper proposes an improved spectral resolution enhancement method (ISREM) using spectral matrix and weighting the spectral angle of the transformation matrix. ISREM is tested in a typical area of the Three-River Headwaters region (TRHR) to produce a synthetic hyperspectral image (HSI). Two existing spectral resolution enhancement methods, the color resolution improvement software package (CRISP) and spectral resolution enhancement method (SREM), are adopted to compare with ISREM. To further test the practicality of the synthetic HSIs generated by the ISREM, CRISP and SREM, they are used to estimate the coverage of native plant species (NPS) using support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF) regressions. The experimental results are as follows. (1) For the Pearson correlation coefficient between the synthetic HSI and original image, ISREM yielded the largest value of 0.9582, followed by CRISP and SREM with values of 0.9480 and 0.9514. For spectral similarity, the HSI generated by the ISREM was the closest to the original reference HSI in the spectral curve. It also showed the best cumulative performance with the use of the three quality evaluation indexes. (2) The identification accuracies of native plant species were 93.51%, 90.91%, 89.61% and 89.61% using generated HSIs and original multispectral image (MSI) within a threshold of 20%, respectively. Compared with original MSI, the synthetic HSI showed better ability to identify NPS in the study area, which further illustrated the effectiveness of the ISREM. (3) The ISREM can reduce the strict requirement of pure pixels and maintain the quality of synthetic HSI by spectral angle weighting. Hence, the proposed ISREM outperforms the existing CRISP and SREM methods in image spectral resolution enhancement of multispectral remote sensing images.

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Bidens frondosa (beggarticks).

10.1079/cpc.108916.20210099948 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ian Popay

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

North America ◽

Plant Species ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Bidens Frondosa ◽

The World ◽

Environmental Weed ◽

Temperate Climates

Abstract B. frondosa is a herbaceous annual native to North America. It has been introduced widely in Europe and to other parts of the world and is mostly found in temperate climates. The majority of introductions into new countries are intentional, due to the medicinal, herbal and decorative properties ascribed to the species. However, seeds can be accidentally dispersed into new areas as they can adhere firmly to animal fibres such as wool. In Europe B. frondosa has been reported to out compete and interbreed with native plant species in particular those of the same genus. B. frondosa is classified as an environmental weed in New Zealand.

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A Guide to Planting Wildflower Enhancements in Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis0in1180-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Bammer ◽

Josh Campbell ◽

Chase B. Kimmel ◽

James D.. Ellis ◽

Jaret C. Daniels

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Native Plant ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Control Techniques ◽

Wild Bee ◽

Pollinator Species ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

The Right

The establishment of native wildflower plantings in Florida can benefit agricultural producers as well as native pollinators and other beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids). The plantings do this by: providing forage and nesting sites for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, increasing wild bee numbers possibly across the farm, and increasing natural enemies of insect pests (that also depend on forage and nesting sites). This document discusses choosing the right mix of native plant species to benefit many pollinator species, as well as proper site selection, planting practices, and weed control techniques. Wildflower plots should be practical to manage, maximize benefits to wildlife, and fit into the overall management practices of the property.

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