Abstract
A cylindrical rheometer of the Couette type, suitable for the experimental determination of the rheological properties of extruded materials, was designed to provide data which could not be obtained with existing plastometers. The purpose of this study was strictly practical, as the work was performed in connection with a study of extruders. The results obtained on twenty-five different materials—natural and synthetic rubbers and compounds of both with various fillers—are reported; measurements fall within shear rate limits from 1 to 100 seconds−1. In this interval the relationship between logD (rate of shear) and logτ (shear stress) is nearly a straight line. It may, therefore, be analytically interpreted by the power law : D=−(τ/c)n, where n and c are parameters characteristic of the material. As the power law is known to be of limited validity, attempts were made to ascertain the limits of its application in laminar flow through a cylindrical hole. The results of measurements carried out on a 2-inch extruder and employing the same materials as were tested by the rheometer are reported. Measurements of pressure and flow were made, using discharge holes of various diameters and operating the screw at various speeds. Reasonable agreement was found between values of flow and pressure determined with an extruder and those calculated from parameters n and c determined with the cylindrical rheometer.
Determination of cross-sectional void fraction in a two-phase water flow through a PVC pipe
