Low-Level Lead Exposure and Blood Lead Levels in Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha Habib Khan ◽  
Amanullah Khan ◽  
Farooq Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals Assessment of a Screening Questionnaire to Identify Exposure to Lead in Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9220
Author(s):  
Eléna Coiplet ◽  
Marine Freuchet ◽  
Claire Sunyach ◽  
Julien Mancini ◽  
Jeanne Perrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Systematic Identification

Lead readily crosses the placenta and displays adverse effects on birth outcomes and neurodevelopment. Systematic identification of the risk of exposure during pregnancy is essential but rarely performed, probably due to hospital staff’s workload and their lack of awareness. We aimed to evaluate the relevance of a questionnaire to screen pregnant women for lead exposure. A cross-sectional, multicentre study was carried out on a population of 792 pregnant women from February 2018 to May 2020. A total of 596 women had a blood lead test: 68.5% had blood lead levels below 10 μg/L. The estimated prevalence above 25 µg/L was 4% (95% confidence interval (CI) [2.6–5.9]) and 1.3% had levels above 50 µg/L (95% CI [0.6–2.6]). Multivariate analysis showed that three risk factors significantly increased the probability of blood lead levels above 25 µg/L: the use of traditional cosmetics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.90; 95% CI [1.65–9.21]; p = 0.002), degraded old housing (aOR: 2.67; 95% CI [1.19–6.038]; p = 0.018), and (marginally) eating bread more than twice a day (aOR: 2.40; 95% CI [0.96–6.11]; p = 0.060). Our study reveals that a three-question tool can be used to quickly screen for the risk of lead exposure in our population and to trigger lead blood tests and special vigilance during pregnancy follow-up.

Implications of different residential lead standards on children's blood lead levels in France: Predictions based on a national cross-sectional survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Oulhote ◽  
Alain Le Tertre ◽  
Anne Etchevers ◽  
Barbara Le Bot ◽  
Jean-Paul Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals Association of prenatal maternal blood lead levels with birth outcomes in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS): a nationwide birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Goto ◽  
Marie Mandai ◽  
Takeo Nakayama ◽  
Shin Yamazaki ◽  
Shoji F Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Prenatal Lead Exposure

Abstract Background Despite dramatic declines in prenatal maternal blood lead levels (BLLs) in most developed countries, little is known about the effects of extremely low-level (<1.0 µg/dL) lead exposure on fetal growth. Methods We measured maternal BLL during the second or third trimester of pregnancy and assessed birth outcomes, including birthweight, preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks) risk, small for gestational age births (SGA; birthweight <10th percentile) and low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g). The association between birthweight and maternal BLL was estimated using linear and quadratic spline models. Multivariable logistic models were used to examine the risk of binary responses. Results From 103 099 pregnant women, 20 000 blood samples were randomly selected for analysis. The maternal BLL range was 0.16–7.4 µg/dL, and the median was 0.63 µg/dL. After adjusting for covariates, the linear model showed that each 0.1 μg/dL increase in maternal BLL was associated with a 5.4 g decrease in mean birthweight [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.4 to 7.5 g]. The risk of SGA [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05) and LBW (aOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05) increased, whereas the risk of preterm delivery did not (aOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.02). Conclusions Even at a maternal BLL below 1.0 µg/dL, prenatal lead exposure was associated with decreased birthweight and increased risk of SGA and LBW, but not preterm delivery. The adverse effect estimates of prenatal lead exposure on birth outcomes were quantitatively small and clinically limited at this low level.

Low-Level Lead Exposure and Children's Cognitive Function in the Preschool Years

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bellinger ◽  
Alan Leviton ◽  
Jone Sloman ◽  
Michael Rabinowitz ◽  
Herbert L. Needleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Lead Levels

In a cohort of 170 middle and upper-middle class children participating in a prospective study of child development and low-level lead exposure, higher blood lead levels at age 24 months were associated with lower scores at age 57 months on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The mean blood lead level at age 24 months was 6.8 µg/dL (SD = 6.3; 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles: 8.8, 13.7, 23.6, respectively) and for all but 1 child was less than 25 µg/dL, the current definition of an "elevated" level. After adjustment for confounding, scores on the General Cognitive Index decreased approximately 3 points (SE = 1.4) for each natural log unit increase in 24-month blood lead level. The inverse association between lead level and performance was especially prominent for visual-spatial and visual-motor integration skills. Higher prenatal exposures were not associated with lower scores at 57 months except in the subgroup of children with "high" concurrent blood lead levels (ie, ≥10 µg/dL). The concentration of lead in the dentine of shed deciduous teeth was not significantly associated with children's performance after adjustment for confounding.

scholarly journals Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women and the Source of Exposure in Northern Coastal Area of Brebes Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Nova Amalia Sakina ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels

Background: Lead has no advantage for health, pregnant women are vulnerable to lead exposure. Blood Lead Levels (BLLs) in pregnant women that exceed the quality standard in accordance with Center for Disease Control (CDC) (>5 μg/dL) can encounter spontaneous miscarriage and fatigue easily during pregnancy, BLLs in pregnant women < 10 μg/dL can induce health problem during pregnancy such as hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia which is the cause of mortality in pregnant women and high maternal mortality. The aim of study to measure BBLs and the source of exposure.Methods: Pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimester were recruited in 4 Subdistricts. Cross sectional study is used with 86 pregnant women located in Wanasari Subdistrict, Bulakamba Subdistrict, Losari Subdistrict and Tanjung Subdistrict with purposive sampling method. BLLs during pregnancy were determined by Atomic Adsorpiton Spectrometer.Results: The results shows that mean of BLLs in pregnant women in this study were 42.437 + 19.758 μg/dL. The source of lead exposure are the habit of consuming seafood (44.2%), wrapping food using newspaper (80.2%), being involve in agricultural activity (37.2%), and passive smoking (70.9%).Conclusions: To recapitulate, BBLs in pregnant women in the northern area of Brebes Regency have exceeded the standard set by the CDC of 5 μg/dL. The dominant source of lead exposure are the habit of wrapping food using newspaper and passive smoking.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Tenaga Kerja Di Karoseri Semarang

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Mutasir Mutasir ◽  
Onny Setiani ◽  
Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ppm Level

Background: Lead is a toxic metal that can be contained in paint as a source of lead exposure in the air so significantly associated with blood lead levels (BLL). Statistically there is a significant association between BLL and blood pressure (BP). Preliminary study found that 10 workers of Carroseri Semarang found that 8 people (80%) had BLL above the threshold value, 7 people (70%) had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) above the limit normal and 8 people (80%) had diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at the upper limit of normal.Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between BLL and BP workers of Carroseri Semarang.Methods: It was an observational study with cross sectional approach. The population of this research was workers of Carroseri Semarang with a sample size of 34 people. Data collected by examining the levels of lead in paint, inspection level of lead in the air, checking blood lead levels and blood pressure checks.Results: This study showed the average level of lead in the paint measured was 59.39 ppm, level of lead in the air 0.002 ppm, BLL 28.97 mg/dL, SBP 122.76 mmHg and DBP 79.06 mmHg.Conclusion: All types of paint used in Carroseri Semarang contain lead under TLVs 600 ppm, the ambient workspace containing air lead levels below TLVs 0.05 ppm, the entire workforce part painting has undergone blood lead exposure >5μg/dL, there is no association between BLL and SBP (p=0.465) and there a association between BLL and DBP (p =0.030).

scholarly journals Sex-Dependent Impact of Low-Level Lead Exposure during Prenatal Period on Child Psychomotor Functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Polanska ◽  
Wojciech Hanke ◽  
Natalia Pawlas ◽  
Ewelina Wesolowska ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Child Neurodevelopment ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Impact

The impact of exposure to lead on child neurodevelopment has been well established. However, sex differences in vulnerability are still not fully explained. We aimed at evaluating the effect of a low-level lead exposure, as measured between 20 to 24 weeks of pregnancy and in cord blood, on developmental scores up to 24 months of age in 402 children from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). Additionally, sex-dependent susceptibility to lead at this very early stage of psychomotor development was assessed. The blood lead levels were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In order to estimate the children’s neurodevelopment, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development was applied. The geometric mean (GM) for blood lead level during 20–24 weeks of pregnancy was 0.99 ± 0.15 µg/dL and, in the cord blood, it was 0.96 ± 0.16 µg/dL. There was no statistically significant impact of lead exposure during prenatal period on the girls’ psychomotor abilities. Among the boys, we observed lower scores for cognitive functions, along with increasing cord blood lead levels (β = −2.07; p = 0.04), whereas the results for the language and motor abilities were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Our findings show that fetal exposure to very low lead levels might affect early cognitive domain, with boys being more susceptible than girls. Education on health, higher public awareness, as well as intervention programs, along with relevant regulations, are still needed to reduce risks for the vulnerable population subgroups.

A Study on the Association between Blood Lead Levels and Habitual Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Koreans with No Occupational Lead Exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Ung Park ◽  
Se Won Oh ◽  
Seung Hyun Kim ◽  
Yang Hyun Kim ◽  
Ryoung Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Occupational Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals The correlation between uremic pruritus and blood lead levels in prevalent hemodialysis patients and its relation to the severity of pruritus using visual analog score

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Mahmoud Shawky ◽  
Reeham Abdel Aziz Abdel Hamid ◽  
Lina Essam Khedr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Visual Analog Score ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uremic Pruritus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background Pruritus is a common and often distressing symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease. Though the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus remains poorly understood, systemic inflammation has presented itself as one of the possible explanations. High blood lead levels (BLLs) have been noted to be associated with inflammation and poor nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Our aim is to study the relation between blood lead levels and uremic pruritus. This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 50 patients; all were on regular hemodialysis 3 times per week for at least 6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups, group 1 (n =10) with no pruritus and group 2 (n=40) with varying degrees of pruritus. Group 2 was further divided according to intensity of pruritus by visual analog score (VAS) into mild (n=10), moderate (n=20), and severe pruritus (n=10). Results There was a significant difference in serum lead levels and ferritin levels between groups 1 and 2 (p value < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in serum lead levels in the groups with varying intensity of pruritus, having higher serum lead levels in patients who exhibited severe pruritus (p value < 0.005) Moreover, a statistically significant relation between elevated blood lead levels and the duration of dialysis was observed in this study. Conclusion Uremic pruritus is a multi-factorial phenomenon, and our study showed that blood lead levels in hemodialysis patients might be associated with increased intensity of pruritus.

Association of prenatal factors and cord blood lead levels in China: A nested cohort cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 126783
Author(s):  
Xue-Ning Li ◽  
Li-Hong Jia ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Shuang-Shuang Zhang ◽  
Rui Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Lead Levels
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