Biases in reward allocation resulting from personal status, group status, and allocation procedure

1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sik Hung Ng
Keyword(s):  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Allocation Procedure ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Reward Allocation

Group status, group bias, and adolescents' reasoning about the treatment of others in school contexts

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey S. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
High Status ◽  
Group Status ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Status Group ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Social Reference ◽  
Group Members

This study investigated how social group status and group bias are related to adolescents' reasoning about social acceptance. Ninth and eleventh-grade students ( N = 379) were asked to make judgments about the inclusion of individuals in school activities based on their peer crowd membership. The results of the study revealed that both participants' and the targets' social reference group status were related to adolescents' judgments about participation in school activities. Overall, high status group members were chosen more than low status group members to participate in school activities. Adolescents who identified themselves with high status groups, however, were significantly more likely to choose a high status target than adolescents identifying with low status groups or those listing no group at all. Further, these adolescents were more likely than adolescents who identified themselves with low status groups or listed no group to use conventional reasoning and less likely to use moral reasoning when justifying their judgments.

scholarly journals Fuming with rage! Do members of low status groups signal anger more than members of high status groups? An eye-tracking study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma Kevin Owuamalam ◽  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Status ◽  
Alternative Possibility ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
Disinhibition Effect ◽  
Reputational Concerns

Owuamalam, Weerabangsa, Karunagharan, and Rubin (2016) found that Malaysians associate people in low status group with anger more than their higher status counterparts: the hunchback heuristic. But is this belief accurate? Here, we propose the alternative possibility that members of low-status groups might deliberately suppress anger to counter this stigma, while members of high-status groups might disinhibit their anger to assert their superiority. To test these propositions, we manipulated undergraduate students’ relative group status by leading them to believe that provocative comments about their ingroup came from a professor (low-status condition) or a junior foundation year student (high-status condition). Using eye-tracking, we then measured their gaze durations on the comments, which we used as a physiological signal of anger: dwelling (Experiment 1). Results revealed that dwelling was significantly greater in the high-status condition than in the low-status condition. Experiment 2 conceptually replicated this pattern using a self-report method and found that the suppression-disinhibition effect occurred only when reputational concerns were strong.

Social Identity versus Personal Identity: An Investigation into the Interaction of group and Personal Status with Collective Self-Esteem on Ingroup Favouritism

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Robins ◽  
D. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Neutral Group ◽  
Test Feedback ◽  
Subtle Racism ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
Ingroup Favouritism

In this study the authors investigated the effects of three independent variables, personal status (high, low, neutral), group status (high, low, neutral) and private collective self-esteem (CSE), on three dependent variables: ingroup favouritism, self-favouritism, and the difference between these two measures — ‘self versus ingroup favouritism’. Personal and group status were manipulated by providing bogus test feedback to 225 school children aged between 13–15 years. It was found that subjects with high CSE showed greater ingroup relative to self-favouritism (‘self vs ingroup favouritism’) than subjects with low CSE but only when group status was neutral or high. When group status was low there was little difference between high and low CSE subjects. A second study on the validity of private collective self-esteem found that it was moderately correlated with Jewish identification, and not correlated with subtle racism.

scholarly journals When High Group Status Becomes a Burden

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Täuber ◽  
Esther van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Public Image ◽  
High Status ◽  
Group Status ◽  
High Group ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Strategic Motives

The present paper investigates the strategic motives that guide the quest for outgroup resources. Resources can be retrieved through spying and requesting help. Whereas both methods are means of obtaining valued resources from the outgroup, spying secures the ingroup’s public image, while requesting help potentially damages this image by displaying the ingroup as incompetent and dependent. Two experiments (N = 99 and N = 99) supported the prediction that, when social change is feasible, members of high status groups spy more on the lower status group than vice versa. No difference was found in either study in the amount of help requested from the outgroup. Results from the second study showed that the effect did not occur when status relations were legitimate and thus unlikely to change. These findings advance our understanding of intergroup helping by demonstrating that strategic motives fundamentally shape aspects of help-seeking between groups.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF GROUP STATUS ON IN-GROUP IDENTIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-253
Author(s):  
Milen Milanov
Keyword(s):  
Group Identification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Study Condition ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Identification Research

The main goal of the present research was to investigate the effect that group status had on different types of identification with social groups. In addition, the study aimed to provide further support for the distinction between centrality, social, communal, and interdependent types of in-group identity. It experimentally manipulated the status of laboratory-based groups in order to examine whether membership in a low status group would be associated with an increase only in social identification and whether this effect would be moderated by culture. Consistent with predictions, the results from a series of 2x2 between-subjects ANOVAs (N=108) revealed that a significant main effect of study condition (group status) occurred in relation to social identification but not in relation to centrality, communal, and interdependent identification. Participants in the moderately positive status group scored significantly higher on social identification than participants in the extremely positive status group. As expected, this main effect was qualified by culture with only collectivistic individuals’ in-group identification differing significantly between the two conditions. The present work adds to the findings of previous research that has examined the link between group status and in-group identification and could be used to address new issues in the group identification research.

Group status, group size and attitude polarization

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Van Knippenberg ◽  
Nanne De Vries ◽  
Ad Van Knippenberg
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Attitude Polarization

scholarly journals Motivated Reasoning in Identity Politics: Group Status as a Moderator of Political Motivations

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172096466
Author(s):  
Ming M Boyer ◽  
Loes Aaldering ◽  
Sophie Lecheler
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
High Status ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Gender Quota

Western democracies are increasingly defined by identity politics, where politics appeals to both political and other social identities. Consequently, political information processing should depend not just on political identity, but also on other identities, such as gender, race, or sexuality. For any given issue, we argue that the extent to which reasoning is motivated by one’s political identity depends on citizens’ group status in other relevant identities, that is, that political identity more strongly motivates high-status group members than low-status group members for issues of identity politics. A survey experiment (N = 1012) concerning a gender quota policy shows that political identity motivates men more strongly than women, leading to political polarization between left-wing and right-wing men, but not women. This suggests that political motivated reasoning should be addressed differently in situations of identity politics, and urges the consideration of group status as a conditional factor of motivated reasoning.

Intergroup biases in conflict: Reexamination with Arab pre-adolescents and adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yona Teichman ◽  
Daniel Bar-Tal ◽  
Yasmina Abdolrazeq
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Status ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Intergroup Biases ◽  
Collective Self Esteem

This study examined the proposition derived from the integrative developmental contextual theory (IDCT) (Bar-Tal & Teichman, 2005; Teichman & Bar-Tal, in press) that contextual circumstances determining collective self esteem (i.e. conflict and social status), and developmental stage in which identity development is a central issue (pre- and early adolescence) would influence intergroup biases. This proposition was previously examined with Israeli Jewish participants and here is re-examined in three samples, aged 8—17, including Israeli Arabs and two groups from the Palestinian Authority. The three samples were based in different intergroup contexts in which their group status was relatively high, medium or low. The findings demonstrate differences in the relationship between contextually defined collective self-esteem and intergroup attitudes. Results confirmed the hypothesis that in conflict, irrespective of age highest intergroup biases would be displayed by the high status group. However, the hypothesis that the lowest status group would express only more negativity toward the out-group was not confirmed. The developmental hypothesis that pre- and early adolescents from the high status group would express most varied and extreme biases was also confirmed. With some exceptions in the middle status group, all older adolescents displayed moderation in biases.

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