A comparison of adaptive and adaptable automation under different levels of environmental stress

Ergonomics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 840-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Sauer ◽  
Chung-Shan Kao ◽  
David Wastell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Method of Assessing Environmental Stress in Two Predatory Carabid Species within Mediterranean Agroecosystems

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Lara Ivanković Tatalović ◽  
Barbara Anđelić ◽  
Mišel Jelić ◽  
Tomislav Kos ◽  
Hugo A. Benítez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Development Stability ◽  
Different Levels

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is used in assessing the effect of environmental stress on the development stability of individuals by measuring small random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry. Here, we checked for FA on two predatory carabid beetles, Pterostichus melas and Poecilus koyi, in order to evaluate species response to agricultural practices within Mediterranean agroecosystems, as well as FA as a method. The samples were collected in vineyards and olive groves, both under integrated pest management (IPM) and ecological pest management (EPM), and in pristine habitats in the Mediterranean region of Croatia. Geometric morphometrics (GMMs) were used to analyze the pronotum and abdomen shape variations and left–right asymmetries of each population. In respect to the FA measurements, analyzed species responded differently, with P. koyi displaying a lower intensity of FA than P. melas. On the other hand, P. melas beetles from vineyards showed a higher intensity of FA compared with populations from pristine habitats and olive groves. Accordingly, FA pointed out olive groves as potentially less adverse habitats to predatory carabids, keeping in mind the different levels of asymmetry between the two species. Our study singled out P.melas as a more suitable species for further research, in the effect that different agricultural practices can have their impact on non-target invertebrates analyzed by measuring the FA.

Abnormalities of the attachment clamps of representatives of the family Diplozoidae

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Šebelová ◽  
B. Kuperman ◽  
M. Gelnar
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractA comparative study has been made of the haptoral morphology of four species of diplozoon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from the gills of fish exposed to different levels of water pollution in two river systems in eastern Europe. An examination of the haptors of Paradiplozoon homoion (Bychowsky & Nagibina 1959), Paradiplozoon ergensi (Pejčoch 1968) and Paradiplozoon megan (Bychowsky & Nagibina 1959) from chub caught in the River Morava, Czech Republic and of Diplozoon paradoxum (Nordmann 1832) from bream recovered from the River Volga, Russia has revealed abnormalities to the attachment clamps. Two abnormal conditions were found: structural alterations to the attachment clamps and changes in the number of attachment clamps; these occurred both singly and in combination. A higher frequency of abnormal attachment clamps was found in diplozoons from fish caught in the more polluted localities of both rivers. The abnormalities have been recorded and their morphology compared in the light of conditions of environmental stress.

Explicit control of adaptive automation under different levels of environmental stress

Ergonomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Sauer ◽  
Chung-Shan Kao ◽  
David Wastell ◽  
Peter Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Adaptive Automation ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Climate-related environmental stress in intertidal grazers: scaling-up biochemical responses to assemblage-level processes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Maggi ◽  
Mario Cappiello ◽  
Antonella Del Corso ◽  
Francesca Lenzarini ◽  
Eleonora Peroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Different Levels

BackgroundOrganisms are facing increasing levels of environmental stress under climate change that may severely affect the functioning of biological systems at different levels of organization. Growing evidence suggests that reduction in body size is a universal response of organisms to global warming. However, a clear understanding of whether extreme climate events will impose selection directly on phenotypic plastic responses and how these responses affect ecological interactions has remained elusive.MethodsWe experimentally investigated the effects of extreme desiccation events on antioxidant defense mechanisms of a rocky intertidal gastropod (Patella ulyssiponensis), and evaluated how these effects scaled-up at the population and assemblage levels.ResultsWith increasing levels of desiccation stress, limpets showed significant lower levels of total glutathione, tended to grow less and had reduced per capita interaction strength on their resources.DiscussionResults suggested that phenotypic plasticity (i.e., reduction in adults’ body size) allowed buffering biochemical responses to stress to scale-up at the assemblage level. Unveiling the linkages among different levels of biological organization is key to develop indicators that can anticipate large-scale ecological impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals Combining ability of maize grain yield under different levels of environmental stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Vagno de Souza ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
João Carlos Cardoso Galvão ◽  
Lauro José Moreira Guimarães ◽  
Izabel Cristina dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Stress Environments ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Different Levels

The objectives of this work were to caracterize the tropical maize germplasm and to compare the combining abilities of maize grain yield under different levels of environmental stress. A diallel was performed among tropical maize cultivars with wide adaptability, whose hybrid combinations were evaluated in two sowing dates, in two years. The significance of the environmental effect emphasized the environmental contrasts. Based on grain yield, the environments were classified as favorable (8,331 kg ha-1), low stress (6,637 kg ha-1), high stress (5,495 kg ha-1), and intense stress (2,443 kg ha-1). None of the genetic effects were significant in favorable and intense stress environments, indicating that there was low germplasm variability under these conditions. In low and high stresses, the specific combining ability effects (SCA) were significant, showing that the nonadditive genetic effects were the most important, and that it is possible to select parent pairs with breeding potential. SCA and grain yield showed significant correlations only between the closer environment pairs like favorable/low stress and high/intense stress. The genetic control of grain yield differed under contrasting stress environments for which maize cultivars with wide adaptability are not adequate.

Stress Cracking Analysis on Automotive Tubes Made with Polyamide 12

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Polkowski ◽  
Pollyana Melo ◽  
Luciano Pisanu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
Stress Cracking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Stress Cracking ◽  
Different Levels

The mechanism of Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) in polymers results from the interaction of three main elements: susceptible material, stress condition and a specific environment. The wide range of possible combinations of those three variables is what makes the ESC very difficult to predict and resolve. Therefore, this article intends to analyze the behavior of regions under stress of automotive tubes made with polyamide 12 exposed to a common degreaser material. Samples were manufactured through extrusion process and conditioned to different levels of stress before being exposed to the action of degreaser. The test results showed that aggressive fluids, like degreasing liquids, can be considered as catalysts of the Environmental Stress Cracking phenomenon in automotive tubes of polyamide 12.

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