Effect of Force Sense to Active Joint Position Sense and Relationships between Active Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, Jumping and Muscle Strength

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationship between joint position (JPS) and force sense (FS) and muscle strength (MS) and (2) to evaluate the impact of long-term gymnastic training on particular proprioception aspects and their correlations. 17 elite adult gymnasts and 24 untrained, matched controls performed an active reproduction (AR) and passive reproduction (PR) task and a force reproduction (FR) task at the elbow joint. Intergroup differences and the relationship between JPS, FS, and MS were evaluated. While there was no difference in AR or PR between groups, absolute error in the control group was higher during the PR task (7.15 ± 2.72°) than during the AR task (3.1 ± 1.93°). Mean relative error in the control group was 61% higher in the elbow extensors than in the elbow flexors during 50% FR, while the gymnast group had similar results in both reciprocal muscles. There was no linear correlation between JPS and FS in either group; however, FR was negatively correlated with antagonist MS. In conclusion, this study found no evidence for a relationship between the accuracy of FS and JPS at the elbow joint. Long-term gymnastic training improves the JPS and FS of the elbow extensors.

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The Acute Effect of Cryotherapy on Muscle Strength and Shoulder Proprioception

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2015-0215 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 497-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rui Torres ◽

Filipa Silva ◽

Vera Pedrosa ◽

João Ferreira ◽

Alexandre Lopes

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Passive Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Joint Position ◽

Maximal Force ◽

Force Sense ◽

Crushed Ice ◽

Ice Pack

Context:Cryotherapy, a common intervention used by clinicians, poses several benefits in managing acute injuries. However, cooling muscle tissue can interfere with muscular properties and the sensory-motor system.Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of cryotherapy with a crushed-ice pack on shoulder proprioception concerning joint position sense, force sense, the threshold for detecting passive movement, and maximal force production.Design:A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.Participants:48 healthy women aged 22.6 ± 0.4 y with a mean body mass index of 22.8 ±0.37 kg/m2 and a percentage of body fat of 15.4 ± 1.5%.Methods:In the experimental group, a crushed-ice pack was applied to the shoulder for 15 min, whereas participants in the control group applied a sandbag at skin temperature, also for 15 min. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess maximal voluntary contraction, force sense, joint position sense, and the threshold for detecting passive movement.Results:Paired sample t tests revealed that maximal voluntary isometric contraction decreased significantly after cryotherapy (P ≤ .001), or approximately 10% of the reduction found in both muscular groups assessed. Shoulder position sense (P < .001) and the threshold for detecting passive movement (P = .01 and P = .01 for lateral and medial shoulder rotator muscles, respectively) also suffered significant impairment. Nevertheless, no significant differences emerged in force sense at 20% and 50% of maximal force reproduction (P = .41 and P = .10 for lateral rotator muscles at 20% and 50%, respectively; and P = .20 and P = .09 for medial rotator muscles at 20% and 50%, respectively).Conclusion:Applying a crushed-ice pack to the shoulder for 15 min negatively affected muscle strength and impaired shoulder proprioception by decreasing joint position sense and the threshold for detecting passive movement.

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Effects of 2 Different External Loads on Joint Position Sense and the Relationship Between Muscle Strength and Force Sense

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2019-0025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1115-1120

Author(s):

Muammer Altun

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

High Load ◽

Joint Position ◽

Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Low Load ◽

The Relationship ◽

Force Sense

Context: Joint position sense (JPS) tests of proprioception lack ecological validity because the testing conditions are so different from the normal function that they can contribute little to understanding the role proprioception plays in daily and sporting activities. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low and high external load on the knee JPS and to investigate the relationship between maximum voluntary isometric contraction and force sense (FS). Design: Experimental study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 47 volunteers with no history of knee pathology. Interventions: Three active JPS tests performed with no load, low load, and high load were compared at the 45° target angle. For isometric FS test, 50% load was used. For isotonic low load and high load JPS tests, 30% and 70% loads were applied, respectively. Main Outcome Measures: To analyze obtained data set 2-way multiple analysis of variance, repeated measures of analysis of variance, paired sample t test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: JPS was not affected by gender (male and female) and activity levels (sedentary, recreational, and trained). Results of the repeated measure of analysis of variance demonstrated the significant main effect of loads (P = .001). Significant differences were found between no load, low load, and high load JPS (P = .001). A positive and significant correlation was found between maximum voluntary isometric contraction and FS error values (r = .41, P = .001). Conclusions: The results suggest that as the load level increases, the knee JPS improves. Knee JPS assessed under external load may be a more appropriate alternative to the nature of the sport. Those with higher muscle strength have a worse FS.

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Evaluation of proprioception in denervated and healthy wrist joints

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1177/1753193419897192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 408-413

Author(s):

Susanne Rein ◽

Jochen Winter ◽

Thomas Kremer ◽

Frank Siemers ◽

Ursula Range ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Joint Position ◽

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽

Proprioceptive Deficit ◽

Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽

Wrist Denervation ◽

Force Sense ◽

Reflex Time

We recruited 25 patients after complete wrist denervation and 60 healthy adults to investigate conscious and unconscious proprioception of the wrist. Ipsi- and contralateral joint-position sense, force sense, and wrist reflexes were measured. The latter were triggered by a trapdoor, recording electromyographic signals from the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. No significant differences were found for joint position sense, force sense, and wrist reflexes between both groups, except for reflex time of the flexor carpi ulnaris after denervation of the left wrist as compared with the left flexor carpi ulnaris in controls or in right operated wrists. At a mean follow-up of 32 months (range 8 to 133), we found no proprioceptive deficit of the conscious proprioceptive qualities of joint position sense, force sense, and the unconscious proprioceptive neuromuscular control of wrist reflex time for most muscles after complete wrist denervation. We conclude from this study that complete wrist denervation does not affect the proprioceptive senses of joint position, force sense, and reflex time of the wrist.

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The effect of a cricket fielding session on glenohumeral range of motion and active joint position sense

Physical Therapy in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.04.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

Liam Newton ◽

Steve McCaig

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Joint Position ◽

Active Joint

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Effect of Load, Angle, and Contraction Type on Clinically Assessed Knee Joint Position Sense

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2020-0552 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Adam L. Haggerty ◽

Janet E. Simon ◽

Dustin R. Grooms ◽

Jeffrey A. Russell

Keyword(s):

Body Position ◽

Eccentric Contraction ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Joint Position ◽

Active Joint ◽

Concentric Contraction ◽

Target Angle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Contraction Type

Context: Proprioception is an individual’s awareness of body position in 3-dimensional space. How proprioceptive acuity changes under varying conditions such as joint position, load, and concentric or eccentric contraction type is not well understood. In addition, a limitation of the variety of techniques to assess proprioception is the lack of clinically feasible methods to capture proprioceptive acuity. The purpose of this study was to implement a readily available instrument, a smartphone, in the clinical evaluation of knee active joint position sense and to determine how joint angle, joint loading, and quadriceps contraction type affect an individual’s active joint position sense. Design: Cross-over study. Methods: Twenty healthy, physically active university participants (10 women and 10 men: 21.4 [2.0] y; 1.73 [0.1] m; 70.9 [14.3] kg) were recruited. Individuals were included if they had no neurological disorder, no prior knee surgery, and no recent knee injury. The participants were given a verbal instruction to locate a target angle and then were tasked with reproducing the target angle without visual or verbal cues. An accelerometer application on a smartphone was used to assess the angle to the nearest tenth of a degree. Three variables, each with 2 levels, were analyzed in this study: load (weighted and unweighted), contraction type (eccentric and concentric), and joint position (20° and 70°). A repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to assess the within-subjects factors of load, contraction, and position. Results: A significant difference of 0.50° (0.19°) of greater error with eccentric versus concentric contraction (P = .02) type was identified. In addition, a significant interaction was found for contraction × position, with a mean increase in error of 0.98° (0.33°) at the 20° position when contracting eccentrically (P = .03). Conclusions: Contraction type, specifically eccentric contraction at 20°, showed significantly greater error than concentric contraction. This suggests that, during eccentric contractions of the quadriceps, there may be decreased proprioceptive sensitivity compared with concentric contractions.

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Effects of Tai Chi versus Proprioception Exercise Program on Neuromuscular Function of the Ankle in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/265486 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jing Liu ◽

Xue-Qiang Wang ◽

Jie-Jiao Zheng ◽

Yu-Jian Pan ◽

Ying-Hui Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Elderly People ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Neuromuscular Function ◽

Position Sense ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Joint Position

Background. Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese medicine exercise used for improving neuromuscular function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tai Chi versus proprioception exercise program on neuromuscular function of the ankle in elderly people.Methods. Sixty elderly subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of 20 subjects per group. For 16 consecutive weeks, subjects participated in Tai Chi, proprioception exercise, or no structured exercise. Primary outcome measures included joint position sense and muscle strength of ankle. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire upon study completion in Tai Chi and proprioception groups.Results. (1) Both Tai Chi group and proprioception exercise group were significantly better than control group in joint position sense of ankle, and there were no significant differences in joint position sense of ankle between TC group and PE group. (2) There were no significant differences in muscle strength of ankle among groups. (3) Subjects expressed more satisfaction with Tai Chi than with proprioception exercise program.Conclusions. None of the outcome measures on neuromuscular function at the ankle showed significant change posttraining in the two structured exercise groups. However, the subjects expressed more interest in and satisfaction with Tai Chi than proprioception exercise.

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