scholarly journals Relationship between Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, and Muscle Strength and the Impact of Gymnastic Training on Proprioception

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Niespodziński ◽  
Andrzej Kochanowicz ◽  
Jan Mieszkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Piskorska ◽  
Małgorzata Żychowska
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Sense

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationship between joint position (JPS) and force sense (FS) and muscle strength (MS) and (2) to evaluate the impact of long-term gymnastic training on particular proprioception aspects and their correlations. 17 elite adult gymnasts and 24 untrained, matched controls performed an active reproduction (AR) and passive reproduction (PR) task and a force reproduction (FR) task at the elbow joint. Intergroup differences and the relationship between JPS, FS, and MS were evaluated. While there was no difference in AR or PR between groups, absolute error in the control group was higher during the PR task (7.15 ± 2.72°) than during the AR task (3.1 ± 1.93°). Mean relative error in the control group was 61% higher in the elbow extensors than in the elbow flexors during 50% FR, while the gymnast group had similar results in both reciprocal muscles. There was no linear correlation between JPS and FS in either group; however, FR was negatively correlated with antagonist MS. In conclusion, this study found no evidence for a relationship between the accuracy of FS and JPS at the elbow joint. Long-term gymnastic training improves the JPS and FS of the elbow extensors.

scholarly journals The Acute Effect of Cryotherapy on Muscle Strength and Shoulder Proprioception

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Torres ◽  
Filipa Silva ◽  
Vera Pedrosa ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Force Sense ◽  
Crushed Ice ◽  
Ice Pack

Context:Cryotherapy, a common intervention used by clinicians, poses several benefits in managing acute injuries. However, cooling muscle tissue can interfere with muscular properties and the sensory-motor system.Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of cryotherapy with a crushed-ice pack on shoulder proprioception concerning joint position sense, force sense, the threshold for detecting passive movement, and maximal force production.Design:A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.Participants:48 healthy women aged 22.6 ± 0.4 y with a mean body mass index of 22.8 ±0.37 kg/m2 and a percentage of body fat of 15.4 ± 1.5%.Methods:In the experimental group, a crushed-ice pack was applied to the shoulder for 15 min, whereas participants in the control group applied a sandbag at skin temperature, also for 15 min. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess maximal voluntary contraction, force sense, joint position sense, and the threshold for detecting passive movement.Results:Paired sample t tests revealed that maximal voluntary isometric contraction decreased significantly after cryotherapy (P ≤ .001), or approximately 10% of the reduction found in both muscular groups assessed. Shoulder position sense (P < .001) and the threshold for detecting passive movement (P = .01 and P = .01 for lateral and medial shoulder rotator muscles, respectively) also suffered significant impairment. Nevertheless, no significant differences emerged in force sense at 20% and 50% of maximal force reproduction (P = .41 and P = .10 for lateral rotator muscles at 20% and 50%, respectively; and P = .20 and P = .09 for medial rotator muscles at 20% and 50%, respectively).Conclusion:Applying a crushed-ice pack to the shoulder for 15 min negatively affected muscle strength and impaired shoulder proprioception by decreasing joint position sense and the threshold for detecting passive movement.

Effects of 2 Different External Loads on Joint Position Sense and the Relationship Between Muscle Strength and Force Sense

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120
Author(s):  
Muammer Altun
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
High Load ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Sense

Context: Joint position sense (JPS) tests of proprioception lack ecological validity because the testing conditions are so different from the normal function that they can contribute little to understanding the role proprioception plays in daily and sporting activities. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low and high external load on the knee JPS and to investigate the relationship between maximum voluntary isometric contraction and force sense (FS). Design: Experimental study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 47 volunteers with no history of knee pathology. Interventions: Three active JPS tests performed with no load, low load, and high load were compared at the 45° target angle. For isometric FS test, 50% load was used. For isotonic low load and high load JPS tests, 30% and 70% loads were applied, respectively. Main Outcome Measures: To analyze obtained data set 2-way multiple analysis of variance, repeated measures of analysis of variance, paired sample t test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: JPS was not affected by gender (male and female) and activity levels (sedentary, recreational, and trained). Results of the repeated measure of analysis of variance demonstrated the significant main effect of loads (P = .001). Significant differences were found between no load, low load, and high load JPS (P = .001). A positive and significant correlation was found between maximum voluntary isometric contraction and FS error values (r = .41, P = .001). Conclusions: The results suggest that as the load level increases, the knee JPS improves. Knee JPS assessed under external load may be a more appropriate alternative to the nature of the sport. Those with higher muscle strength have a worse FS.

scholarly journals Efficacy of throwing exercise with TheraBand in male volleyball players with shoulder internal rotation deficit: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Moradi ◽  
Malihe Hadadnezhad ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Zohre Khosrokiani ◽  
Julien S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Rotator Cuff Muscle ◽  
Volleyball Players

Abstract Background The Glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit (GIRD) is related to the altered eccentric external-rotator (ER), the concentric internal-rotator (IR), muscle strength, and the ER: IR ratio. GIRD has been documented as a risk factor for shoulder injuries. However, few studies have investigated the effect of an exercise training on these parameters in athletes with GIRD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week throwing exercise with a TheraBand for retraining the rotator cuff on Electromyography (EMG) activity of selected muscles, rotator cuff muscle strength, the glenohumeral (GH) joint IR range of motion (ROM) and GH joint position sense in asymptomatic male volleyball players with GIRD. Methods Sixty male volleyball players with GIRD were randomized into either a training group or a control group. The experimental group underwent an 8-week throwing exercise with a TheraBand including 5 sessions of stretching and 3 sessions of strengthening exercises per week. The control group received an active self-exercise program. EMG (onset time and muscle activation), shoulder range of motion (ROMs), strength and GH joint position sense were all assessed pre and post trainings. Results There were statistically significant within-group differences in the EMG activity of the anterior deltoid (p = 0.005), middle deltoid (p = 0.007), posterior deltoid (p = 0.004), infraspinatus (p = 0.001) and supraspinatus (p = 0.001) muscles, IR ROM (p = 0.001), rotator cuff muscle strength ratio (p = 0.001), and GH joint position sense (p = 0.033) in the experimental group. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance with a mixed model design and independent and paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Conclusions Throwing exercise with a TheraBand improved shoulder muscle activation, IR ROM, rotator cuff muscle strength ratio and GH joint position sense in participants with GIRD. These findings may improve the treatment of GIRD in a clinical setting. Although the results are significant, further studies should follow up the long-term effects of the Throwing exercise with a TheraBand on GIRD. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials using the UMIN-RCT website with ID number of, UMIN000038416 “Retrospectively registered” at 2019/10/29.

scholarly journals Elbow joint position and hand pressure force sense under conditions of quick reaction in table tennis players

Kinesiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Ziemowit Bańkosz ◽  
Tadeusz Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Pressure Sense

Joint position sense and force reproduction are the most commonly used measures of proprioception. It is interesting to measure proprioception in integration of the factors most commonly viewed as the most important in table tennis—speed, in particular quick reaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of replication of a specific range of motion and force of hand pressing under conditions of limited time. Forty table tennis players and 30 non-athletes participated in the study. Electrogoniometric and dynamometric methods were used in the investigation. The accuracy of replication of pronation and supination movements of the forearm at the elbow joint and force of hand pressing under conditions of limited time (performing the activity as fast as possible in response to visual signals) were measured. The tests performed in the study revealed that both female and male table tennis players were characterized by a higher level of forearm position sense during performing the fastest possible pronation and supination movements in most of the tasks. Better results of table tennis players than of the control group suggest that joint position and hand pressure sense integrated with quick reaction are important performance factors in table tennis. The results also indicate opportunities for using this methodology to monitor training.

scholarly journals Bilateral Proprioceptive Evaluation in Individuals With Unilateral Chronic Ankle Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia S. P. Sousa ◽  
João Leite ◽  
Bianca Costa ◽  
Rubim Santos
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Injured Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ankle Proprioception ◽  
Force Sense

Context:  Despite extensive research on chronic ankle instability, the findings regarding proprioception have been conflicting and focused only on the injured limb. Also, the different components of proprioception have been evaluated in isolation. Objective:  To evaluate bilateral ankle proprioception in individuals with unilateral ankle instability. Design:  Cohort study. Setting:  Research laboratory center in a university. Patients or Other Participants:  Twenty-four individuals with a history of unilateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability (mechanical ankle instability group, n = 10; functional ankle instability [FAI] group, n = 14) and 20 controls. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Ankle active and passive joint position sense, kinesthesia, and force sense. Results:  We observed a significant interaction between the effects of limb and group for kinesthesia (F = 3.27, P = .049). Increased error values were observed in the injured limb of the FAI group compared with the control group (P = .031, Cohen d = 0.47). Differences were also evident for force sense (F = 9.31, P &lt; .001): the FAI group demonstrated increased error versus the control group (injured limb: P &lt; .001, Cohen d = 1.28; uninjured limb: P = .009, Cohen d = 0.89) and the mechanical ankle instability group (uninjured limb: P = .023, Cohen d = 0.76). Conclusions:  Individuals with unilateral FAI had increased error ipsilaterally (injured limb) for inversion movement detection (kinesthesia) and evertor force sense and increased error contralaterally (uninjured limb) for evertor force sense.

Evaluation of proprioception in denervated and healthy wrist joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Susanne Rein ◽  
Jochen Winter ◽  
Thomas Kremer ◽  
Frank Siemers ◽  
Ursula Range ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Proprioceptive Deficit ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Wrist Denervation ◽  
Force Sense ◽  
Reflex Time

We recruited 25 patients after complete wrist denervation and 60 healthy adults to investigate conscious and unconscious proprioception of the wrist. Ipsi- and contralateral joint-position sense, force sense, and wrist reflexes were measured. The latter were triggered by a trapdoor, recording electromyographic signals from the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. No significant differences were found for joint position sense, force sense, and wrist reflexes between both groups, except for reflex time of the flexor carpi ulnaris after denervation of the left wrist as compared with the left flexor carpi ulnaris in controls or in right operated wrists. At a mean follow-up of 32 months (range 8 to 133), we found no proprioceptive deficit of the conscious proprioceptive qualities of joint position sense, force sense, and the unconscious proprioceptive neuromuscular control of wrist reflex time for most muscles after complete wrist denervation. We conclude from this study that complete wrist denervation does not affect the proprioceptive senses of joint position, force sense, and reflex time of the wrist.

scholarly journals Chen-Style Tai Chi for Individuals (Aged 50 Years Old or Above) with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Albert Yeung ◽  
Tao Xiao ◽  
Xiaopei Tian ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Limb Proprioception

Tai Chi (TC) can be considered safe and effective intervention to improve pain and pain-related functional disability. However, it is unclear that whether aging individuals with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain (CNS-LBP) can achieve positive results. This study, therefore, attempted to explore the effects of TC on pain and functional disability in CNS-LBP patients aged 50 years old or above. Forty-three individuals (aged 50 years old or above) with CNS-LBP were randomly assigned into three groups: Chen-Style TC group (n = 15), Core Stabilization training (CST) group (n = 15), and control group (n = 13). Participants in the TC group participated in Chen-style TC training program (three 60-min sessions per week for 12 weeks), individuals in CST group received 12-week Core Stabilization exercise on the Swiss ball, whereas individuals in the control group maintained their unaltered lifestyle. Pain intensity as primary outcome was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), A BiodexSystem 3 isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure knee and ankle joint position sense (JPS) as secondary outcomes at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. TC and CST have significant effects in VAS for CNS-LBP patients (p< 0.01, TC group OR CST group versus control group in mean of the post-minus-pre assessment). However, the feature of joint position sense (JPS) of ankle inversion, ankle eversion and knee flexion did not occur, it showed no significant effects with TC and CST. TC was found to reduce pain, but not improve lower limb proprioception in patients with CNS-LBP. Future research with larger sample sizes will be needed to achieve more definitive findings on the effects of TC on both pain and lower limb proprioception in this population.

scholarly journals Effects of Tai Chi versus Proprioception Exercise Program on Neuromuscular Function of the Ankle in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xue-Qiang Wang ◽  
Jie-Jiao Zheng ◽  
Yu-Jian Pan ◽  
Ying-Hui Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Joint Position

Background. Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese medicine exercise used for improving neuromuscular function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tai Chi versus proprioception exercise program on neuromuscular function of the ankle in elderly people.Methods. Sixty elderly subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of 20 subjects per group. For 16 consecutive weeks, subjects participated in Tai Chi, proprioception exercise, or no structured exercise. Primary outcome measures included joint position sense and muscle strength of ankle. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire upon study completion in Tai Chi and proprioception groups.Results. (1) Both Tai Chi group and proprioception exercise group were significantly better than control group in joint position sense of ankle, and there were no significant differences in joint position sense of ankle between TC group and PE group. (2) There were no significant differences in muscle strength of ankle among groups. (3) Subjects expressed more satisfaction with Tai Chi than with proprioception exercise program.Conclusions. None of the outcome measures on neuromuscular function at the ankle showed significant change posttraining in the two structured exercise groups. However, the subjects expressed more interest in and satisfaction with Tai Chi than proprioception exercise.

Effects of proprioceptive training on the incidence of ankle sprain in athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Souza de Vasconcelos ◽  
Anelize Cini ◽  
Graciele Sbruzzi ◽  
Cláudia Silveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Joint Position

Objective: To investigate how dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, joint position sense, and incidence of ankle sprain are influenced by balance training in athletes compared with the control group in randomized clinical trials. Data sources: The search strategy included MEDLINE, Physical Therapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were published by June of 2018. Methods: RCTs that evaluate the effectiveness of proprioception in these outcomes: dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, joint position, and the incidence of ankle sprains in athletes aged between 18 and 35 years. Two reviewers independently screened the searched records, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. The treatment effect sizes were pooled in a meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.2 software. Internal validity was assessed through topics suggested by Cochrane Collaborations. Results: Of the 12 articles included ( n = 1817), eight were in the meta-analysis ( n = 1722). The balance training reduced the incidence of ankle sprains in 38% compared with the control group ( RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90). In relation to the dynamic neuromuscular control, the training showed increase in the distance of reach in the anterior (0.62 cm, 95% CI: 0.13–1.11), posterolateral (4.22 cm, 95% CI: 1.76–6.68), and posteromedial (3.65 cm, 95% CI: 1.03–6.26) through the Star Excursion Balance test. Furthermore, training seems to improve postural sway and joint position sense. Conclusion: Balance training reduces the incidence of ankle sprains and increases dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, and the joint position sense in athletes.

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