Evaluation of proprioception in denervated and healthy wrist joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Susanne Rein ◽  
Jochen Winter ◽  
Thomas Kremer ◽  
Frank Siemers ◽  
Ursula Range ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Proprioceptive Deficit ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Wrist Denervation ◽  
Force Sense ◽  
Reflex Time

We recruited 25 patients after complete wrist denervation and 60 healthy adults to investigate conscious and unconscious proprioception of the wrist. Ipsi- and contralateral joint-position sense, force sense, and wrist reflexes were measured. The latter were triggered by a trapdoor, recording electromyographic signals from the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. No significant differences were found for joint position sense, force sense, and wrist reflexes between both groups, except for reflex time of the flexor carpi ulnaris after denervation of the left wrist as compared with the left flexor carpi ulnaris in controls or in right operated wrists. At a mean follow-up of 32 months (range 8 to 133), we found no proprioceptive deficit of the conscious proprioceptive qualities of joint position sense, force sense, and the unconscious proprioceptive neuromuscular control of wrist reflex time for most muscles after complete wrist denervation. We conclude from this study that complete wrist denervation does not affect the proprioceptive senses of joint position, force sense, and reflex time of the wrist.

Effects of proprioceptive training on the incidence of ankle sprain in athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Souza de Vasconcelos ◽  
Anelize Cini ◽  
Graciele Sbruzzi ◽  
Cláudia Silveira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Joint Position

Objective: To investigate how dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, joint position sense, and incidence of ankle sprain are influenced by balance training in athletes compared with the control group in randomized clinical trials. Data sources: The search strategy included MEDLINE, Physical Therapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were published by June of 2018. Methods: RCTs that evaluate the effectiveness of proprioception in these outcomes: dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, joint position, and the incidence of ankle sprains in athletes aged between 18 and 35 years. Two reviewers independently screened the searched records, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. The treatment effect sizes were pooled in a meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.2 software. Internal validity was assessed through topics suggested by Cochrane Collaborations. Results: Of the 12 articles included ( n = 1817), eight were in the meta-analysis ( n = 1722). The balance training reduced the incidence of ankle sprains in 38% compared with the control group ( RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90). In relation to the dynamic neuromuscular control, the training showed increase in the distance of reach in the anterior (0.62 cm, 95% CI: 0.13–1.11), posterolateral (4.22 cm, 95% CI: 1.76–6.68), and posteromedial (3.65 cm, 95% CI: 1.03–6.26) through the Star Excursion Balance test. Furthermore, training seems to improve postural sway and joint position sense. Conclusion: Balance training reduces the incidence of ankle sprains and increases dynamic neuromuscular control, postural sway, and the joint position sense in athletes.

scholarly journals Relationship between Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, and Muscle Strength and the Impact of Gymnastic Training on Proprioception

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Niespodziński ◽  
Andrzej Kochanowicz ◽  
Jan Mieszkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Piskorska ◽  
Małgorzata Żychowska
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Sense

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationship between joint position (JPS) and force sense (FS) and muscle strength (MS) and (2) to evaluate the impact of long-term gymnastic training on particular proprioception aspects and their correlations. 17 elite adult gymnasts and 24 untrained, matched controls performed an active reproduction (AR) and passive reproduction (PR) task and a force reproduction (FR) task at the elbow joint. Intergroup differences and the relationship between JPS, FS, and MS were evaluated. While there was no difference in AR or PR between groups, absolute error in the control group was higher during the PR task (7.15 ± 2.72°) than during the AR task (3.1 ± 1.93°). Mean relative error in the control group was 61% higher in the elbow extensors than in the elbow flexors during 50% FR, while the gymnast group had similar results in both reciprocal muscles. There was no linear correlation between JPS and FS in either group; however, FR was negatively correlated with antagonist MS. In conclusion, this study found no evidence for a relationship between the accuracy of FS and JPS at the elbow joint. Long-term gymnastic training improves the JPS and FS of the elbow extensors.

scholarly journals Elbow Joint Position Sense After Neuromuscular Training With Handheld Vibration

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady L. Tripp ◽  
Donald Faust ◽  
Patrick Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Neuromuscular Training ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Training Protocol ◽  
Training Protocols

Abstract Context: Clinicians use neuromuscular control exercises to enhance joint position sense (JPS); however, because standardizing such exercises is difficult, validations of their use are limited. Objective: To evaluate the acute effects of a neuromuscular training exercise with a handheld vibrating dumbbell on elbow JPS acuity. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-one healthy, college-aged volunteers (16 men, 15 women, age  =  23 ± 3 years, height  =  173 ± 8 cm, mass  =  76 ± 14 kg). Intervention(s): We measured and trained elbow JPS using an electromagnetic tracking device that provided auditory and visual biofeedback. For JPS testing, participants held a dumbbell and actively identified the target elbow flexion angle (90°) using the software-generated biofeedback, followed by 3 repositioning trials without feedback. Each neuromuscular training protocol included 3 exercises during which participants held a 2.55-kg dumbbell vibrating at 15, 5, or 0 Hz and used software-generated biofeedback to locate and maintain the target elbow flexion angle for 15 seconds. Main Outcome Measure(s): We calculated absolute (accuracy) and variable (variability) errors using the differences between target and reproduced angles. Results: Training protocols using 15-Hz vibration enhanced accuracy and decreased variability of elbow JPS (P ≤ .005), whereas 5-Hz vibration did not affect accuracy (F1,61  =  2.625, P  =  .100) but did decrease variability (F1,61  =  7.250, P  =  .009). The control condition and 0-Hz training protocol had no effect on accuracy or variability (P ≥ .200). Conclusions: Our results suggest these neuromuscular control exercises, which included low-magnitude, low-frequency handheld vibration, may enhance elbow JPS. Future researchers should examine vibration of various durations and frequencies, should include injured participants and functional multijoint and multiplanar measures, and should examine long-term effects of training protocols on JPS and injury.

scholarly journals The Acute Effect of Cryotherapy on Muscle Strength and Shoulder Proprioception

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Torres ◽  
Filipa Silva ◽  
Vera Pedrosa ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Force Sense ◽  
Crushed Ice ◽  
Ice Pack

Context:Cryotherapy, a common intervention used by clinicians, poses several benefits in managing acute injuries. However, cooling muscle tissue can interfere with muscular properties and the sensory-motor system.Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of cryotherapy with a crushed-ice pack on shoulder proprioception concerning joint position sense, force sense, the threshold for detecting passive movement, and maximal force production.Design:A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.Participants:48 healthy women aged 22.6 ± 0.4 y with a mean body mass index of 22.8 ±0.37 kg/m2 and a percentage of body fat of 15.4 ± 1.5%.Methods:In the experimental group, a crushed-ice pack was applied to the shoulder for 15 min, whereas participants in the control group applied a sandbag at skin temperature, also for 15 min. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess maximal voluntary contraction, force sense, joint position sense, and the threshold for detecting passive movement.Results:Paired sample t tests revealed that maximal voluntary isometric contraction decreased significantly after cryotherapy (P ≤ .001), or approximately 10% of the reduction found in both muscular groups assessed. Shoulder position sense (P < .001) and the threshold for detecting passive movement (P = .01 and P = .01 for lateral and medial shoulder rotator muscles, respectively) also suffered significant impairment. Nevertheless, no significant differences emerged in force sense at 20% and 50% of maximal force reproduction (P = .41 and P = .10 for lateral rotator muscles at 20% and 50%, respectively; and P = .20 and P = .09 for medial rotator muscles at 20% and 50%, respectively).Conclusion:Applying a crushed-ice pack to the shoulder for 15 min negatively affected muscle strength and impaired shoulder proprioception by decreasing joint position sense and the threshold for detecting passive movement.

Effects of 2 Different External Loads on Joint Position Sense and the Relationship Between Muscle Strength and Force Sense

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120
Author(s):  
Muammer Altun
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
High Load ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Low Load ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Force Sense

Context: Joint position sense (JPS) tests of proprioception lack ecological validity because the testing conditions are so different from the normal function that they can contribute little to understanding the role proprioception plays in daily and sporting activities. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low and high external load on the knee JPS and to investigate the relationship between maximum voluntary isometric contraction and force sense (FS). Design: Experimental study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 47 volunteers with no history of knee pathology. Interventions: Three active JPS tests performed with no load, low load, and high load were compared at the 45° target angle. For isometric FS test, 50% load was used. For isotonic low load and high load JPS tests, 30% and 70% loads were applied, respectively. Main Outcome Measures: To analyze obtained data set 2-way multiple analysis of variance, repeated measures of analysis of variance, paired sample t test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: JPS was not affected by gender (male and female) and activity levels (sedentary, recreational, and trained). Results of the repeated measure of analysis of variance demonstrated the significant main effect of loads (P = .001). Significant differences were found between no load, low load, and high load JPS (P = .001). A positive and significant correlation was found between maximum voluntary isometric contraction and FS error values (r = .41, P = .001). Conclusions: The results suggest that as the load level increases, the knee JPS improves. Knee JPS assessed under external load may be a more appropriate alternative to the nature of the sport. Those with higher muscle strength have a worse FS.

Effects of injury and Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament on Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. Safran ◽  
Christopher D. Harner ◽  
Jorge L. Giraldo ◽  
Scott M. Lephart ◽  
Paul A. Borsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Pcl Reconstruction ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Reconstructed Knee

Proprioceptive deficits have been demonstrated following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, but little research exists evaluating proprioception in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficient and/or -reconstructed knee. We have studied proprioception in PCL-deficient and PCL-reconstructed knees. The following summarizes our protocol and results of proprioceptive testing of kinesthesia and joint position sense in participants with isolated PCL injuries and those who underwent PCL reconstruction. We studied 18 participants with isolated raptures of the PCL and 10 participants who underwent PCL reconstruction. Proprioception was evaluated by two tests: the threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and the ability to passively reproduce passive positioning (RPP). These assess kinesthesia and joint position sense, respectively. We have shown that isolated PCL deficiency in the human knee does result in reduced kinesthesia and enhanced joint position sense. Thus, the proprioceptive mechanoreceptors in the PCL do appear to have some function. We further found that PCL reconstruction significantly improved kinesthesia at 45° of knee flexion, while 110° was not significantly different between the involved and uninvolved knee in both studies.

scholarly journals Shoulder Position Sense During Passive Matching and Active Positioning Tasks in Individuals With Anterior Shoulder Instability

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-jou Hung ◽  
Warren G. Darling
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Shoulder Position

Abstract Background Altered neuromuscular control due to compromised joint position sense may contribute to recurrent shoulder instability. Objective The purpose of the present study was to examine whether individuals with anterior shoulder instability exhibit larger shoulder position sense errors than those with healthy shoulders in both passive matching and active positioning. Design This was a between-groups study with repeated measures. Methods Ten people with anterior shoulder instability and 15 people with healthy shoulders participated in the study. Shoulder position sense was examined with 3 different protocols (passive motion to remembered shoulder rotation angles and active shoulder abduction and rotation to verbally specified positions) in positions of both mid-range and end-range of motion. Results Participants with unstable shoulders exhibited significantly larger errors (by 1.8° on average) in perception of shoulder position compared with those with healthy shoulders during passive matching. During active positioning, participants with unstable shoulders were able to voluntarily move the shoulder to verbally specified angles as accurately as those with healthy shoulders in both abduction (0.85° difference) and rotation (0.99° difference) tasks. Conclusions Results of this study indicate that people with unstable shoulders can perceive shoulder angles as accurately as people with healthy shoulders in activities with voluntary arm movements. Compared with passive matching, better information from muscle spindles and other sources during voluntary arm movements may compensate for the potential joint position sense deficits after the injury. Therefore, individuals with an unstable shoulder may have adequate neuromuscular control to engage proper protective mechanisms to stabilize the shoulder joint during functional activities.

scholarly journals Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Control Exercises on Knee Proprioception, Muscle Strength, and Functional Level in Patients with ACL Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defne Kaya ◽  
Hande Guney-Deniz ◽  
Cetin Sayaca ◽  
Mahmut Calik ◽  
Mahmut Nedim Doral
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lower extremity motor control exercises on knee proprioception, muscle strength, and functional level in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Materials and Methods. Thirty-two of the 57 patients with ACL-R using tibialis anterior allografts were divided into two groups. Group I: lower extremity motor control exercises were added to the standard rehabilitation program. Group II: standard rehabilitation program was applied. Effects of lower extremity motor control exercises on quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength, knee joint position sense, and hop test were evaluated. Results. There were no differences in muscle strength and endurance of the quadriceps and hamstring between the operative and nonoperative sides in Group I (p>0.05) while there were significant differences in strength of the quadriceps and hamstring between the operative and nonoperative sides in Group II (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the endurance of the quadriceps and hamstring and knee joint position sense at 15°, 45°, and 75° between the operative sides of the patients in both groups (p<0.05). Conclusions. The neuromuscular control exercises program was found to be more effective in reducing the difference in strength while the standard program was found to be more effective in reducing the difference in endurance between the operated knee and the other knee. This study revealed that neuromuscular control exercises should also be used to improve knee proprioception sense following ACL-R.

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