Isotope Fractionation of Strontium in a Precipitation Reaction of SrO2

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (sup6) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Fujii ◽  
Satoshi Fukutani ◽  
Hajimu Yamana
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Precipitation Reaction

scholarly journals Boron isotope fractionation during brucite deposition from artificial seawater

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 887-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xiao ◽  
Y. K. Xiao ◽  
C. Q. Liu ◽  
Z. D. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Preferential Incorporation ◽  
Boron Isotopic Composition

Abstract. Experiments involving boron incorporation into brucite (Mg(OH)2) from magnesium-free artificial seawater with pH values ranging from 9.5 to 13.0 were carried out to better understand the incorporation behavior of boron into brucite. The results show that both concentration of boron in deposited brucite ([B]d) and its boron partition coefficient (Kd) between deposited brucite and final seawater are controlled by pH of the solution. The incorporation capacity of boron into brucite is much stronger than that into oxides and clay minerals. The isotopic compositions of boron in deposited brucite (δ11Bd) are higher than those in the associated artificial seawater (δ11Bisw) with fractionation factors ranging between 1.0177 and 1.0569, resulting from the preferential incorporation of B(OH)3 into brucite. Both boron adsorptions onto brucite and precipitation reaction of H3BO3 with brucite exist during deposition of brucite from artificial seawater. The simultaneous occurrence of both processes determines the boron concentration and isotopic fractionation of brucite. The isotopic fractionation behaviors and mechanisms of boron incorporated into brucite are different from those into carbonates. Furthermore, the isotopic compositions of boron in modern corals might be affected by the existence of brucite in madrepore and the preferential incorporation of B(OH)3 into brucite. An exploratory study for the influence of brucite on the boron isotopic composition in modern corals is justifiable.

scholarly journals Boron isotope fractionation during brucite deposition from artificial seawater

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xiao ◽  
Y. K. Xiao ◽  
C. Q. Liu ◽  
Z. D. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preferential Incorporation ◽  
Fractionation Factors

Abstract. Experiments involving boron incorporation into brucite (Mg(OH)2) from magnesium-free artificial seawater with pH values ranging from 9.5 to 13.0 were carried out to better understand the incorporation behavior of boron into brucite and the influence of it on Mg/Ca-SST proxy and δ11B-pH proxy. The results show that both the concentration of boron in deposited brucite ([B]d) and its boron partition coefficient (Kd) between deposited brucite and final seawater are controlled by the pH of the solution. The incorporation capacity of boron into brucite is almost the same as that into corals, but much stronger than that into oxides and clay minerals. The isotopic compositions of boron in deposited brucite (δ11Bd) are higher than those in the associated artificial seawater (δ11Bisw) with fractionation factors ranging between 1.0177 and 1.0569, resulting from the preferential incorporation of B(OH)3 into brucite. Both boron adsorptions onto brucite and the precipitation reaction of H3BO3 with brucite exist during deposition of brucite from artificial seawater. The simultaneous occurrence of both processes determines the boron concentration and isotopic fractionation of brucite. The isotopic fractionation behaviors and mechanisms of boron incorporated into brucite are different from those into corals. The existence of brucite in corals can affect the δ11B and Mg/Ca in corals and influences the Mg/Ca-SST proxy and δ11B-pH proxy negatively. The relationship between δ11B and Mg/Ca in corals can be used to judge the existence of brucite in corals, which should provide a reliable method for better use of δ11B and Mg/Ca in corals to reconstruct paleo-marine environment.

Precipitation in silicon: Microanalysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
R.W. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
High Current ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Dielectric Layers ◽  
Precipitation Processes ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Interest in precipitation processes in silicon appears to be centered on transition metals (for intrinsic and extrinsic gettering), and oxygen and carbon in thermally aged materials, and on oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in ion implanted materials to form buried dielectric layers. A steadily increasing number of applications of microanalysis to these problems are appearing. but still far less than the number of imaging/diffraction investigations. Microanalysis applications appear to be paced by instrumentation development. The precipitation reaction products are small and the presence of carbon is often an important consideration. Small high current probes are important and cryogenic specimen holders are required for consistent suppression of contamination buildup on specimen areas of interest. Focussed probes useful for microanalysis should be in the range of 0.1 to 1nA, and estimates of spatial resolution to be expected for thin foil specimens can be made from the curves shown in Fig. 1.

A TEM investigation of a hyper-eutectic lead-tin alloy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
John A. Sutliff
Keyword(s):  
Volume Diffusion ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Discontinuous Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Controlled Precipitation

Near-eutectic Pb-Sn alloys are important solders used by the electronics industry. In these solders, the eutectic mixture, which solidifies last, is the important microstructural consituent. The orientation relation (OR) between the eutectic phases has previously been determined for directionally solidified (DS) eutectic alloys using x-ray diffraction or electron chanelling techniques. In the present investigation the microstructure of a conventionally cast, hyper-eutectic Pb-Sn alloy was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the OR between the eutectic phases was determined by electron diffraction. Precipitates of Sn in Pb were also observed and the OR determined. The same OR was found in both the eutectic and precipitation reacted materials. While the precipitation of Sn in Pb was previously shown to occur by a discontinuous precipitation reaction,3 the present work confirms a recent finding that volume diffusion controlled precipitation can also occur.Samples that are representative of the solder's cast microstructure are difficult to prepare for TEM because the alloy is multiphase and the phases are soft.

Isotopic Characterization (2H, 13C, 37Cl, 81Br) of the Abiotic Sinks of Methyl Bromide and Methyl Chloride in Water and Implications for Future Studies.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Horst ◽  
Magali Bonifacie ◽  
Gérard Bardoux ◽  
Hans-Hermann Richnow
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Methyl Halides ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Halide Exchange ◽  
Isotopic Characterization

In this study we investigated the isotope fractionation of the abiotic sink (hydrolysis, halide exchange) of methyl halides in water.<br>

Temperature and its measurement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Thermodynamic Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Triple Point Of Water ◽  
Temperature Scales ◽  
Classical Thermodynamics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unit Of Temperature

Temperature is that property of a body which determines whether it gains or loses energy in a particular environment. In classical thermodynamics temperature is defined by the relationship between energy and entropy. Temperature can be defined only for a body that is in thermodynamic and thermal equilibrium; whilst organisms do not conform to these criteria, the errors in assuming that they do are generally small. The Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales are arbitrary because they require two fixed points, one to define the zero and the other to set the scale. The thermodynamic (absolute) scale of temperature has a natural zero (absolute zero) and is defined by the triple point of water. Its unit of temperature is the Kelvin. The Celsius scale is convenient for much ecological and physiological work, but where temperature is included in statistical or deterministic models, only thermodynamic temperature should be used. Past temperatures can only be reconstructed with the use of proxies, the most important of which are based on isotope fractionation.

scholarly journals Unravelling the process of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in different filter materials of constructed wetlands by stable isotope fractionation and labelling studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Watzinger ◽  
Melanie Hager ◽  
Thomas Reichenauer ◽  
Gerhard Soja ◽  
Paul Kinner
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Stable Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Filter Materials

AbstractMaintaining and supporting complete biodegradation during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in constructed wetlands is vital for the final destruction and removal of contaminants. We aimed to compare and gain insight into biodegradation and explore possible limitations in different filter materials (sand, sand amended with biochar, expanded clay). These filters were collected from constructed wetlands after two years of operation and batch experiments were conducted using two stable isotope techniques; (i) carbon isotope labelling of hexadecane and (ii) hydrogen isotope fractionation of decane. Both hydrocarbon compounds hexadecane and decane were biodegraded. The mineralization rate of hexadecane was higher in the sandy filter material (3.6 µg CO2 g−1 day−1) than in the expanded clay (1.0 µg CO2 g−1 day−1). The microbial community of the constructed wetland microcosms was dominated by Gram negative bacteria and fungi and was specific for the different filter materials while hexadecane was primarily anabolized by bacteria. Adsorption / desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in expanded clay was observed, which might not hinder but delay biodegradation. Very few cases of hydrogen isotope fractionation were recorded in expanded clay and sand & biochar filters during decane biodegradation. In sand filters, decane was biodegraded more slowly and hydrogen isotope fractionation was visible. Still, the range of observed apparent kinetic hydrogen isotope effects (AKIEH = 1.072–1.500) and apparent decane biodegradation rates (k = − 0.017 to − 0.067 day−1) of the sand filter were low. To conclude, low biodegradation rates, small hydrogen isotope fractionation, zero order mineralization kinetics and lack of microbial biomass growth indicated that mass transfer controlled biodegradation.

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