Combining perennial ryegrass cultivars in seed mixtures confers limited and situation-specific benefits for dairy pasture productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
David F. Chapman ◽  
Cathal M. Wims ◽  
Laura Rossi ◽  
Wendy M. Griffiths ◽  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Mixtures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

scholarly journals Invertebrate abundance and diversity in intensively managed dairy pastures

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
M.G. Cripps ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
H. Patrick ◽  
B. Wiseman ◽  
F. Nobilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pasture Productivity

The invertebrate community richness diversity and abundance associated with pasture productivity and plant species richness at the Lincoln University Research Dairy Farm was examined Invertebrates were sampled in November 2010 (spring) and March 2011 (late summer) by pitfall traps in two pastures types simple (perennial ryegrass/white clover) and complex (perennial ryegrass white clover prairie grass chicory plantain red clover) Pooled across seasons invertebrate richness was greater in the complex pasture compared to the simple pasture but there were no differences in invertebrate community diversity or total abundance between pasture types However greater productivity of the complex pasture in late summer resulted in greater invertebrate abundance in this pasture type but without a concomitant increase in invertebrate species richness or diversity These preliminary results suggest that pasture productivity drives invertebrate abundance and that pasture plant richness drives invertebrate richness regardless of productivity

scholarly journals Performance of sown species and weed ingress in new dairy pastures based on tall fescue and perennial ryegrass

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
E.M.K. Minnee ◽  
C.A. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
The Third ◽  
Schedonorus Arundinaceus ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Poor performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and subsequent weed ingress reduces pasture productivity Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is more droughttolerant than perennial ryegrass and may perform better in summer dry upper North Island environments thus reducing weed ingress To compare swards based on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue for performance of sown species and weed ingress a replicated grazed plot study was established Measurements were made every 3 months from May 2010 until May 2013 Percentage cover of sown species at the canopy surface was significantly higher in perennial ryegrass than tall fescue swards over 3 years By the end of the third year basal and canopy cover of unsown species in tall fescue swards reached 28 and 40 respectively compared with only 13 and 7 respectively in perennial ryegrass Perennial ryegrass swards performed better and may provide a better option for keeping out weeds within the first 3 years of sowing

scholarly journals Timing the Establishment of Kentucky Bluegrass : Perennial Ryegrass Mixtures for Football Fields

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Stier ◽  
Eric J. Koeritz ◽  
Mark Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Species Proportions ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Sports field construction contracts in cool-season areas often stipulate a 9- to 12-month period between seeding and opening for play. Seed mixtures are usually dominated by slow-establishing Kentucky bluegrass (KBG; Poa pratensis L.) and contain lower proportions of perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) for quick cover. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of planting time on three KBG : PRG mixes, a 100% PRG blend, and their ability to sustain football-type traffic. Field plots were seeded in late summer, as a dormant planting in late fall, and in the following spring. Plots received simulated football traffic, split for one or four weekly games, from mid-August through mid-November of the year in which spring seeding occurred. The experimental design was a strip-split-plot, randomized block with four replications. The study was repeated a second year. All seeding dates provided acceptable turf quality regardless of seed type by September. However, summer seedings of KBG-based mixtures provided better turf quality than mixtures planted in the spring, whereas dormant-seeded mixtures provided the poorest turf quality. Turf seeded with 100% PRG was less sensitive to seeding date, with summer or spring seedings providing similar quality and dormant seedings superior to KBG-based dormant seedings. Summer seedings also resulted in the least amount of broadleaf weeds the next year with dormant seedings having the most weeds, particularly with plots seeded to 95% KBG. All KBG-based seed mixtures provided turf containing ≈50% KBG or more by September, although the amount of KBG remaining after traffic was significantly greatest in plots seeded to 95% KBG and least in plots seeded with 70% KBG. Pure PRG swards provided acceptable turf quality throughout the traffic period but should be used cautiously as a result of winterkill potential and crown rust disease (Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. agropyri Erikss.). Different amounts of traffic did not affect turf species proportions. The most consistently desirable results may be obtained with a mixture containing 70% to 80% KBG and 30% to 20% PRG, respectively. Mixtures dominated by KBG should be seeded in late summer for best results.

scholarly journals Identification of pasture mixtures that maximise dry matter yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Black ◽  
S. Anderson ◽  
S.K. Dalgety
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Simplex Design ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Abstract A mixture experiment was conducted to identify an optimal pasture seed mixture that maximised dry matter (DM) yield under irrigated, sheep-grazed conditions in mid-Canterbury, New Zealand. Nineteen seed mixtures were created using a simplex design from a pool of four species: perennial ryegrass, plantain, white clover and red clover. Seed mixtures were drilled into plots in March 2015 and the yield from sowing to May 2017 was modelled. The model analysis defined the optimal seed mixture proportions as 0.25 ryegrass, 0.28 plantain and 0.47 red clover of total number of seeds per unit area, or 7.5, 6.3 and 8.2 kg/ha, respectively (22.0 kg total seed). This mixture was predicted to yield 39.81 t DM/ha after 2 years. Ryegrass and plantain interacted more strongly with red clover than white clover, leading to increased yields over monocultures (diversity effects). Additional yield benefits arose from the three-species mixture of ryegrass, plantain and red clover. Keywords: diversity effect, pasture establishment, perennial ryegrass, plantain, red clover, seed mixtures, simplex design, white clover

scholarly journals Evaluation of dryland species and new ryegrass cultivars to increase pasture productivity in coastal Taranaki

1991 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
R.J. Hainsworth ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
T.G. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Summer Dryness ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Seasonal and annual DM production of direct drilled dryland species 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue (Festucuurundinuceu Schreb.) and perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.) cultivars 'Grasslands Pacific', 'Droughtmaster' and 'Yatsyn-1' was compared with that of established pasture in an environment prone to summer dry spells. Two methods of establishment using only Yatsyn-1 were examined: either the elimination of existing pasture with glyphosate and drilling, or drilling without spraying (undersowing). Average annual DM production (over 3 years) of Yatsyn-1 drilled into pasture previously sprayed with glyphosate was 12% more productive than established pasture. Maru phalaris, Droughtmaster and Pacific had similar annual DM production to established pasture, and Roa tall fescue produced 25% less. Yatsyn-1 undersown intopastures without previous spraying with glyphosate produced 9% less than Y atsyn- 1 established by the spray and drill technique. Phalaris established well but after 3 years the content of phalaris had declined markedly, suggesting poor persistency. Tall fescue was slow establishing but had good persistency, as did all ryegrass cultivars. Yatsyn-1 direct drilled into pastures eliminated with glyphosate before drilling is recommended for an environment prone to summer dryness to increase annual DM production. Keywords pasture production,established pasture, ryegrass cultivars, phalaris, tall fescue, establishment techniques, summer droughts

The effect of defoliation interval in winter on pasture productivity in winter and spring: a regional comparison

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Belton
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Regional Comparison ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Forty-five plots (3 by 2 m) of perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture were randomly allocated within 3 sites to 5 winter defoliation interval treatments to determine the effect of site on best defoliation interval as measured by winter and spring herbage accumulation. Defoliation intervals were 14, 28, 42, 56, and 84 days. The defoliation intervals resulting in maximum total winter dry matter (DM) accumulation at sites 1 and 3 were 42, 56 and 84 days. Available feed accumulated at the end of winter was highest for the 84-day defoliation interval at both sites (2.0 and 1.4 t DM/ha, respectively). At site 2, maximum total winter DM accumulation was achieved for defoliation intervals of 28, 42 and 56 days. Available feed accumulation at the end of winter was 1.2 t DM/ha for the 42-day interval and did not increase thereafter. The difference in response was associated with pasture composition. The results of the experiment showed that there is scope for flexibility in winter grazing management to suit livestock requirements without compromising total winter dry matter accumulation.

N transfer from white clover to perennial ryegrass, via exudation of nitrogenous compounds

Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Paynel ◽  
Jean Bernard Cliquet
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

USE OF CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC MANIPULATION TO IMPROVE PASTURE PLANTS

1988 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pasture Plants

Cell culture and genetic engineering techniques can be used to develop improved pasture plants. To utilise these methods we have developed procedures for regenerating plants from tissue cultures of perennial ryegrass and white clover. In both, the plant genotype influences regeneration capacity. There was significant genetic variation among regenerated perennial ryegrass plants in a wide range of characteristics. Most of the regenerants were resIstant to crown rust and this trait was highly heritable. This rust resistance is being used to breed a new ryegrass cultivar. A system for introducing cloned genes into white clover is described. This capability is bemg used to incorporate genes with the potential to improve nutritional quality and pest resistance. Other possibilities for engineering genetic improvements in white clover, genes conferring herbicide tolerance and resistance to white clover mosaic virus, are briefly outlined. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, cell culture, somaclonal variation, crown rust resistance, transformation, cloned genes, nutritional quality, proteinase inhibitors, Bt toxins, pest resistance, WCMV viral cross-protection, herbicide tolerance, Agrobacterium, Bacillus thuringenisis.

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