Dima assoiPérez Arcas 1872 (Coleoptera: Elateridae): from montane to hypogean life. An example of exaptations to the subterranean environment?

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Gilgado ◽  
Enrique Ledesma ◽  
Eva Cuesta ◽  
Enrique Arrechea ◽  
José Luis Zapata de la Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Environment

Geographical review of the ostracod genus Vestalenula (Darwinulidae) and a new subterranean species from southern France

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvina Artheau
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Left Valve ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
European Program ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subterranean Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Subterranean Environment

A new species of Vestalenula is described. Vestalenula carveli, sp. nov. was found in the interstitial habitat of rivers during the PASCALIS European program when sampling three sites on the Aude River and Tech River basins (Roussillon region, southern France). With its large caudal brooding cavity, the presence of an external keel on the right valve and an internal tooth on the left valve, V. carveli is a typical representative of the genus. This new record brings the worldwide number of Vestalenula species to 24. Vestalenula representatives are known from the Lower Miocene to the present. A review of present-day knowledge of the geographical distribution of the genus and a cladistic analysis are presented in order to assess the biogeography of this genus and the importance of the discovery of a new subterranean species in southern France. The geographical review of the genus showed that most species of Vestalenula occur in subtropical regions. However, V. cylindrica, V. boteai and V. danielopoli lived, or are living, in the Palearctic. Vestalenula pagliolii occurs in both hemispheres. Many of the Recent species live in semiterrestrial and/or interstitial habitats and occur in geographically restricted areas. The distribution of the species of Vestalenula suggests independent colonisation of the subterranean environment by several species; this hypothesis is supported by the cladistic analysis.

scholarly journals Patterns of population genetic variation in sympatric chiltoniid amphipods within a calcrete aquifer reveal a dynamic subterranean environment

Heredity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Bradford ◽  
M Adams ◽  
M T Guzik ◽  
W F Humphreys ◽  
A D Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
Subterranean Environment

A Pedestrian Navigation System Using Cellular Phone Video-Conferencing Functions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Akihiko Sugiura ◽  
Takuya Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Pedestrian Navigation ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Positional Precision ◽  
Subterranean Environment

A user’s position-specific field has been developed using the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. To determine the position using cellular phones, a device was developed, in which a pedestrian navigation unit carries the GPS. However, GPS cannot specify a position in a subterranean environment or indoors, which is beyond the reach of transmitted signals. In addition, the position-specification precision of GPS, that is, its resolution, is on the order of several meters, which is deemed insufficient for pedestrians. In this study, we proposed and evaluated a technique for locating a user’s 3D position by setting up a marker in the navigation space detected in the image of a cellular phone. By experiment, we verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. Additionally, we improved the positional precision because we measured the position distance using numerous markers.

scholarly journals Brazilian obligatory subterranean fauna and threats to the hypogean environment

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Eduardo Gallão ◽  
Maria Elina Bichuette
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Hydroelectric Projects ◽  
Selective Regime ◽  
Subterranean Species ◽  
Subterranean Environment

The subterranean environment harbors species that are not capable of establishing populations in the epigean environment, i.e., the obligatory subterranean species. These organisms live in a unique selective regime in permanent darkness and usually low food availability, high air humidity in terrestrial habitats, and low temperature range allied to other unique conditions related to lithologies and past climatic influences. The pressure to increase Brazil’s economic growth relies on agricultural/pastoral industries and exporting of raw materials such as iron, limestone, ethanol, soybean, cotton, and meat, as well as huge reservoir constructions to generate electricity. Mining (even on a small scale), agricultural expansion, and hydroelectric projects are extremely harmful to subterranean biodiversity, via the modification and even destruction of hypogean habitats. The Brazilian subterranean species were analyzed with respect to their distributions, presence on the IUCN Red List, and current and potential threats to hypogean habitats. A map and three lists are presented, one with the described obligatory subterranean species, one with undescribed taxa, and one with the current and potential threats to the hypogean environment. To date, 150 obligatory subterranean species have been recorded in Brazil, plus at least 156 undescribed troglomorphic taxa, totaling 306 Brazilian troglobites/obligatory cave fauna. We also analyzed the current and potential cave threats and the conservation actions that are underway to attempt to compensate for loss of these habitats. In according to the Brazilian legislation (Decree 6640) only caves of maximum relevance are fully protected. One strategy to protect the subterranean fauna of Brazil is the inclusion of these species in the IUCN Red List (one of attributes that determines maximum relevance for caves); however, one of the IUCN assumptions is that the taxa must be formally described. It is clear that the description and proposed protection of Brazilian subterranean biodiversity depends on more systematics studies.

scholarly journals Hematologic adaptation to the subterranean environment by the naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber (Ctenohystrica: Heterocephalidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009
Author(s):  
Susanne Holtze ◽  
Rosie Koch ◽  
Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt ◽  
Alemayehu Lemma ◽  
Karol Szafranski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Heterocephalus Glaber ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Naked Mole Rat ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
Subterranean Environment

Abstract One method burrowing animals are hypothesized to use in adapting to the presumed hypoxic subterranean environment is increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. A number of recent studies have examined hematologic parameters in laboratory-reared naked mole-rats, but not in animals living under natural atmospheric conditions. To our knowledge, blood chemistry parameters have never been systematically assessed in a fossorial mammal. In this study we examined the blood of wild naked mole-rats in Kenya and Ethiopia to determine whether their blood chemistry differs significantly from naked mole-rats born and living in captivity. We also compared our results to published values for hystricomorphs, other subterranean rodents, and surface-dwelling rodents of similar size.

Biodiversity and geochemistry of an extremely acidic, low-temperature subterranean environment sustained by chemolithotrophy

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2092-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakurako Kimura ◽  
Christopher G. Bryan ◽  
Kevin B. Hallberg ◽  
D. Barrie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Subterranean Environment

A New Species of Bennini (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) from Granitic Subterranean Environment in Vietnam, an Under-Investigated Biotope

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hannelore Hoch ◽  
Thierry Bourgoin ◽  
Arnaud Faille ◽  
Adeline Soulier-Perkins
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Subterranean Environment

scholarly journals The subterranean catfish Phreatobius cisternarum provides insights into visual adaptations to the phreatic environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise N. Perez ◽  
Bertha R. Mariluz ◽  
Jamily Lorena ◽  
Amy Liu ◽  
Marcos P. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Astyanax Mexicanus ◽  
Sensory Hair Cells ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Adaptations ◽  
General Organization ◽  
Subterranean Environment ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

Vertebrate eyes share the same general organization, though species have evolved morphological and functional adaptations to diverse environments. Cave-adapted animals are characterized by a variety of features including eye reduction, loss of body pigmentation, and enhanced non-visual sensory systems. Species that live in perpetual darkness have also evolved sensory mechanisms that are independent of light stimuli. The subterranean catfish Phreatobius cisternarum lives in the Amazonian phreatic zone and displays a diversity of morphological features that are similar to those observed in cavefish and appear to be adaptations to life in the dark. Here we combine histological and transcriptome analyses to characterize sensory adaptations of P. cisternarum to the subterranean environment. Histological analysis showed that the vestigial eyes of P. cisternarum contain a rudimentary lens. Transcriptome analysis revealed a repertoire of eleven visual and non-visual opsins and the expression of 36 genes involved in lens development and maintenance. In contrast to other cavefish species, such as Astyanax mexicanus, Phreatichthys andruzzii, Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus and Sinocyclocheilus microphthalmus, DASPEI neuromast staining patterns did not show an increase in the number of sensory hair cells. Our work reveals unique adaptations in the visual system of P. cisternarum to underground habitats and helps to shed light into troglomorphic attributes of subterranean animals.

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