scholarly journals Cropland soil–plant systems control production and consumption of methane and nitrous oxide and their emissions to the atmosphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Hayashi ◽  
Takeshi Tokida ◽  
Masako Kajiura ◽  
Yosuke Yanai ◽  
Midori Yano
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Systems Control

scholarly journals Biological nitrous oxide consumption in oxygenated waters of the high latitude Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Rees ◽  
Ian J. Brown ◽  
Amal Jayakumar ◽  
Gennadi Lessin ◽  
Paul J. Somerfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Traditional Understanding

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is important to the global radiative budget of the atmosphere and contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Globally the ocean represents a large net flux of N2O to the atmosphere but the direction of this flux varies regionally. Our understanding of N2O production and consumption processes in the ocean remains incomplete. Traditional understanding tells us that anaerobic denitrification, the reduction of NO3− to N2 with N2O as an intermediate step, is the sole biological means of reducing N2O, a process known to occur in anoxic environments only. Here we present experimental evidence of N2O removal under fully oxygenated conditions, coupled with observations of bacterial communities with novel, atypical gene sequences for N2O reduction. The focus of this work was on the high latitude Atlantic Ocean where we show bacterial consumption sufficient to account for oceanic N2O depletion and the occurrence of regional sinks for atmospheric N2O.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide production and consumption: regulation of gene expression by gas-sensitive transcription factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1593) ◽  
pp. 1213-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Several biochemical mechanisms contribute to the biological generation of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). N 2 O generating enzymes include the respiratory nitric oxide (NO) reductase, an enzyme from the flavo-diiron family, and flavohaemoglobin. On the other hand, there is only one enzyme that is known to use N 2 O as a substrate, which is the respiratory N 2 O reductase typically found in bacteria capable of denitrification (the respiratory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to dinitrogen). This article will briefly review the properties of the enzymes that make and consume N 2 O, together with the accessory proteins that have roles in the assembly and maturation of those enzymes. The expression of the genes encoding the enzymes that produce and consume N 2 O is regulated by environmental signals (typically oxygen and NO) acting through regulatory proteins, which, either directly or indirectly, control the frequency of transcription initiation. The roles and mechanisms of these proteins, and the structures of the regulatory networks in which they participate will also be reviewed.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide dynamics in low oxygen regions of the Pacific: insights from the MEMENTO database

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5007-5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Zamora ◽  
A. Oschlies ◽  
H. W. Bange ◽  
K. B. Huebert ◽  
J. D. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Oxygen Minimum Zones ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. The eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) is believed to be one of the largest marine sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Future N2O emissions from the ETP are highly uncertain because oxygen minimum zones are expected to expand, affecting both regional production and consumption of N2O. Here we assess three primary uncertainties in how N2O may respond to changing O2 levels: (1) the relationship between N2O production and O2 (is it linear or exponential at low O2 concentrations?), (2) the cutoff point at which net N2O production switches to net N2O consumption (uncertainties in this parameterisation can lead to differences in model ETP N2O concentrations of more than 20%), and (3) the rate of net N2O consumption at low O2. Based on the MEMENTO database, which is the largest N2O dataset currently available, we find that N2O production in the ETP increases linearly rather than exponentially with decreasing O2. Additionally, net N2O consumption switches to net N2O production at ~ 10 μM O2, a value in line with recent studies that suggest consumption occurs on a larger scale than previously thought. N2O consumption is on the order of 0.01–1 mmol N2O m−3 yr−1 in the Peru-Chile Undercurrent. Based on these findings, it appears that recent studies substantially overestimated N2O production in the ETP. In light of expected deoxygenation and the higher than previously expected point at which net N2O production switches to consumption, there is enough uncertainty in future N2O production that even the sign of future changes is still unclear.

Nitrous oxide production and consumption by denitrification in a grassland: Effects of grazing and hydrology

2015 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Kanika S. Inglett ◽  
Mark W. Clark ◽  
Patrick W. Inglett ◽  
K. Ramesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production

scholarly journals Net soil–atmosphere fluxes mask patterns in gross production and consumption of nitrous oxide and methane in a managed ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 19167-19197
Author(s):  
W. H. Yang ◽  
W. L. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Soil Atmosphere ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Production And Consumption

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are potent greenhouse gases that are both produced and consumed in soil. Production and consumption of these gases are driven by different processes, making it difficult to infer their controls when measuring only net fluxes. We used the trace gas pool dilution technique to simultaneously measure gross fluxes of N2O and CH4 throughout the growing season in a cornfield in northern California, USA. Net N2O fluxes ranged from 0–4.5 mg N m−2 d−1 with the N2O yield averaging 0.68 ± 0.02. Gross N2O production was best predicted by net nitrogen (N) mineralization, soil moisture, and soil temperature (R2 = 0.60, n = 39, p < 0.001). Gross N2O reduction was correlated with the combination of gross N2O production rates, net N mineralization rates, and CO2 emissions (R2 = 0.74, n = 39, p < 0.001). Overall, net CH4 fluxes averaged −0.03 ± 0.02 mg C m−2 d−1. The methanogenic fraction of carbon mineralization ranged from 0 to 0.27 % and explained 40 % of the variability in gross CH4 production rates (n = 37, p < 0.001). Gross CH4 oxidation exhibited a strong positive relationship with gross CH4 production rates (R2 = 0.67, n = 37, p < 0.001), which reached as high as 5.4 mg C m−2 d−1. Our study is the first to demonstrate the simultaneous in situ measurement of gross N2O and CH4 fluxes, and results highlight that net soil–atmosphere fluxes can mask significant gross production and consumption of these trace gases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document