scholarly journals “Don’t Worry, We Are Here for You”: Brands as External Source of Control during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Peeter W. J. Verlegh ◽  
Stefan F. Bernritter ◽  
Verena Gruber ◽  
Noud Schartman ◽  
Francesca Sotgiu
Keyword(s):  
External Source

Quantum mechanics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Transition Amplitude ◽  
External Source ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Damping Term ◽  
Relativistic Quantum Theory ◽  
Generating Functional

After a brief review of the operator approach to quantum mechanics, Feynmans path integral, which expresses a transition amplitude as a sum over all paths, is derived. Adding a linear coupling to an external source J and a damping term to the Lagrangian, the ground-state persistence amplitude is obtained. This quantity serves as the generating functional Z[J] for n-point Green functions which are the main target when studying quantum field theory. Then the harmonic oscillator as an example for a one-dimensional quantum field theory is discussed and the reason why a relativistic quantum theory should be based on quantum fields is explained.

scholarly journals Properties of Extruded Snacks Prepared from Corn and Carrot Powder with Ascorbic Acid Addition

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Valentina Obradović ◽  
Jurislav Babić ◽  
Verica Dragović-Uzelac ◽  
Antun Jozinović ◽  
Đurđica Ačkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
External Source ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Extruded Snacks ◽  
New Type ◽  
Corn Snacks

The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of carrot powder (CP) utilization at levels 4, 6, or 8% as ingredient of corn snacks and evaluation of the extrusion influence on functionally important ingredients such as carotenoids (color), polyphenols, fiber, fat, and antioxidant activity. The influence of ascorbic acid (AA) as an external source at levels 0.5 and 1% on this particular extrusion was also investigated. A single-screw extruder at two temperature regimes (135/170/170 °C (E1) and 100/150/150 °C (E2)) carried out extrusion. The E1 temperature regime acted favorably on total polyphenol content and crude fiber, but fat preferred the E2 regime. Extrusion, especially the E1 temperature regime, increased the extractability of carotenoids. Ascorbic acid degraded during extrusion, but it still provided protection to carotenoids and color attributes of extrudates. Snacks with increased nutritional and functional value due to carrot powder addition were successfully produced, which is a starting point for production of a new type of extruded snacks.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial enrichment in infertile patients: a review of different mitochondrial replacement therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 263349412110235
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodríguez-Varela ◽  
Sonia Herraiz ◽  
Elena Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
External Source ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Third Party ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Infertile Patients

Poor ovarian responders exhibit a quantitative reduction in their follicular pool, and most cases are also associated with poor oocyte quality due to patient’s age, which leads to impaired in vitro fertilisation outcomes. In particular, poor oocyte quality has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or low mitochondrial count as these organelles are crucial in many essential oocyte processes. Therefore, mitochondrial enrichment has been proposed as a potential therapy option in infertile patients to improve oocyte quality and subsequent in vitro fertilisation outcomes. Nowadays, different options are available for mitochondrial enrichment treatments that are encompassed in two main approaches: heterologous and autologous. In the heterologous approach, mitochondria come from an external source, which is an oocyte donor. These techniques include transferring either a portion of the donor’s oocyte cytoplasm to the recipient oocyte or nuclear material from the patient to the donor’s oocyte. In any case, this approach entails many ethical and safety concerns that mainly arise from the uncertain degree of mitochondrial heteroplasmy deriving from it. Thus the autologous approach is considered a suitable potential tool to improve oocyte quality by overcoming the heteroplasmy issue. Autologous mitochondrial transfer, however, has not yielded as many beneficial outcomes as initially expected. Proposed mitochondrial autologous sources include immature oocytes, granulosa cells, germline stem cells, and adipose-derived stem cells. Presently, it would seem that these autologous techniques do not improve clinical outcomes in human infertile patients. However, further trials still need to be performed to confirm these results. Besides these two main categories, new strategies have arisen for oocyte rejuvenation by improving patient’s own mitochondrial function and avoiding the unknown consequences of third-party genetic material. This is the case of antioxidants, which may enhance mitochondrial activity by counteracting and/or preventing oxidative stress damage. Among others, coenzyme-Q10 and melatonin have shown promising results in low-prognosis infertile patients, although further randomised clinical trials are still necessary.

A quantization of the electromagnetic field

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1183
Author(s):  
Anton Z. Capri ◽  
Gebhard Grübl ◽  
Randy Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Free Field ◽  
External Source ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Manifest Covariance ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Spaces

Quantization of the electromagnetic field in a class of covariant gauges is performed on a positive metric Hilbert space. Although losing manifest covariance, we find at the free field level the existence of two physical spaces where Poincaré transformations are implemented unitarily. This gives rise to two different physical interpretations of the theory. Unitarity of the S operator for an interaction with an external source then forces one to postulate that a restricted gauge invariance must hold. This singles out one interpretation, the one where two transverse photons are physical.

The Matrix of Contractarian Justice

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Buchanan ◽  
Loren E. Lomasky
Keyword(s):  
External Source ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Institutional Evaluation ◽  
External Standard ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Contracting Process ◽  
Point Of Departure

There are no first principles etched in stone from which all moral philosophers must take their bearings. We must deliberately choose our point of departure in any attempt to respond to the question: “Must any defensible theory of justice incorporate both a commitment to personal liberty and to economic equality?” Basic to our own approach is a suspicion of seers and visionaries who espy an external source of values independent from human choices. We presuppose, instead, that political philosophy commences with individual evaluation.1 A near-corollary of this presupposition is that each individual's preferences ought to be taken into account equally with those of others. That is, we suppose that there is no privileged evaluator, whose preferences are accorded decisive weight. Conceptual unanimity as a criterion for institutional evaluation follows naturally from the other two presuppositions. If there is neither an external standard of value nor a corps of resident value experts, only unanimity can ultimately be satisfactory as a test of social desirability. Our perspective then is subjectivist, individualist, and unanimitarian.These presuppositions inform our contractarian analysis. There are, however, two separate contractarian traditions that we shall find useful to distinguish, the “Hobbesian” and the “Rawlsian.” In the first, persons find themselves in the anarchistic war of each against all. They contract away their natural liberties in exchange for the order that civil society – through its sovereign – affords. In this contracting process, individuals are assumed to possess full self-knowledge; they know who they are, what conceptions of the good they hold, and what their endowments are.

Effects of flow momentum enhancement using an artificial external source on shock wave strength, a CFD study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Bagheri ◽  
Seyed Ali Agha Mirjalily ◽  
Seyed Amir Abbas Oloomi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salimpour
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
External Source

REDUCED MULTIREFERENCE COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PYRIDYNE DIRADICALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 805-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIANGZHU LI ◽  
JOSEF PALDUS
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Geometry ◽  
External Source ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Coupled Cluster ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Correlation Effects ◽  
Spin Multiplicity ◽  
Triplet Splitting ◽  
Singlet And Triplet States

The reduced multireference (RMR) coupled-cluster (CC) method with singles and doubles (RMR CCSD) that employs a modest-size MR CISD wave function as an external source for the most important (primary) triples and quadruples in order to account for the nondynamic correlation effects in the presence of quasidegeneracy, and which is further perturbatively corrected for the remaining (secondary) triples, RMR CCSD(T), is employed to compute the molecular geometry and the energy of the lowest-lying singlet and triplet states, as well as the corresponding singlet–triplet splitting, for all possible isomers of the m, n-pyridyne diradicals. A comparison is made with earlier results that were obtained by other authors, and the role of the multireference effects for both the geometry and the spin multiplicity of the lowest state, as described by the RMR-type methods, is demonstrated on the example of 2,6- and 3,5-pyridynes.

scholarly journals Level spacing of random matrices in an external source

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 7176-7185 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brézin ◽  
S. Hikami
Keyword(s):  
Random Matrices ◽  
External Source ◽  
Level Spacing

scholarly journals D-BRANE RECOIL MISLAYS INFORMATION

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 1059-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN ELLIS ◽  
N. E. MAVROMATOS ◽  
D. V. NANOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
External Source ◽  
Closed String ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
World Sheet ◽  
Liouville Type ◽  
Dilute Gas ◽  
String State

We discuss the scattering of a light closed-string state off a D-brane, taking into account quantum recoil effects on the latter, which are described by a pair of logarithmic operators. The light particle and D-brane subsystems may each be described by a world sheet with an external source due to the interaction between them. This perturbs each subsystem away from criticality, which is compensated by dressing with a Liouville field whose zero mode we interpret as time. The resulting evolution equations for the D-brane and the closed string are of Fokker–Planck and modified quantum Liouville type, respectively. The apparent entropy of each subsystem increases as a result of the interaction between them, which we interpret as the loss of information resulting from nonobservation of the other entangled subsystem. We speculate on the possible implications of these results for the propagation of closed strings through a dilute gas of virtual D-branes.

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