Work-family interface on hazardous alcohol use and increased risk for prescription drug misuse among diverse working parents in STEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cristal Lopez ◽  
Matthew Dean Sanchez ◽  
Luis Ponte ◽  
Lizette Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Work Family

Social Influences, Alcohol Expectancies, and Hazardous Alcohol Use Among College Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine V. Olthuis ◽  
Byron L. Zamboanga ◽  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Lindsay S. Ham
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
College Student Athletes

Research has shown that college student-athletes are at increased risk for hazardous alcohol use. As such, this study examined social and cognitive influences on athletes’ alcohol consumption by exploring the association between injunctive norms (parental, teammate, and coach approval) and hazardous alcohol use among college athletes, and testing whether alcohol expectancy outcomes and valuations would mediate this association. College student-athletes (n = 301; mean age = 19.4, SD = 1.3) completed self-report questionnaires assessing their drinking behaviors and perceptions of alcohol use in their social environment. Structural equation modeling revealed, in all but one case, a direct association between each of the injunctive norms variables and hazardous alcohol use. In addition, negative expectancy valuations mediated the association between teammate approval and hazardous alcohol use. Injunctive norms emerged as an important factor in student-athletes’ alcohol use. Implications for alcohol intervention programming among student-athletes are discussed.

Routine alcohol screening in the ED: unscreened patients have an increased risk for hazardous alcohol use

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Merel van Loon ◽  
Roos C Van der Mast ◽  
M Christien van der Linden ◽  
Floris A van Gaalen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Consumption ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundRoutine screening programmes for hazardous alcohol use in the ED miss large numbers of patients. We investigated whether patient-related or staff-related factors cause screening failures and whether unscreened patients are at increased risk of hazardous alcohol use.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective study. From November 2012 to November 2013, all adult patients visiting a Dutch inner city ED were screened for hazardous alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. Reasons for failure of screening were categorised as: (A) patient is unable to cooperate (due to illness or pain, decreased consciousness or incomprehension due to intoxication, psychiatric, cognitive or neurological disorder or language barrier), (B) healthcare professional forgot to ask, (C) patient refuses cooperation and (D) screening was recently performed (<6 months ago). Presence of risk factors for hazardous alcohol use was compared between screened and unscreened patients.ResultsOf the 28 019 ED patients, 18 310 (65%) were screened and 9709 (35%) were not. In 7150 patients staff forgot to screen, whereas 2559 patients were not screened due to patient factors (2340 being unable and 219 unwilling). Patients with any of these risk factors were less likely to be screened: male sex, alcohol-related visit, any intoxication, head injury, any kind of wound and major trauma. In multivariate analysis, all these risk factors were independently associated with not being screened. Patients with at least one risk factor for hazardous alcohol use were less likely to be screened. Highest prevalence of risk factors was found in patients unable or unwilling to cooperate.ConclusionPatients who do not undergo routine screening for alcohol use at triage in the ED have an increased risk for hazardous alcohol use. These data highlight the importance of screening patients, especially those initially unwilling or unable to cooperate, at a later stage.

Integrating Theories of Gender and Sexuality With Deviance: The Case of Prescription Drug Misuse during Sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110098
Author(s):  
Laura C. Frizzell ◽  
Mike Vuolo ◽  
Brian C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Sexual Identities

Social scientists have expended substantial effort to identify group patterns of deviant behavior. Yet beyond the ill-conceived treatment of sexual minorities as inherently deviant, they have rarely considered how gendered sexual identities (GSIs) shape participation in deviance. We argue for the utility of centering theories of gender and sexuality in intersectional deviance research. We demonstrate how this intentional focus on gender and sexuality provides important empirical insights while avoiding past pitfalls of stigmatizing sexual minorities. Drawing on theories of hegemonic masculinity, emphasized femininity, and minority stress together with criminological general strain theory, we demonstrate how societal expectations and constraints generate strains among GSI groups that may lead to distinctly patterned deviance, using the case of prescription drug misuse during sex. We employ thematic analysis of 120 in-depth interviews with people who misuse prescription drugs, stratified by GSI. We identify six themes highlighting distinct pathways from strain to misuse during sex for different GSI groups: intimacy management, achieving sexual freedom, regulating sexual mood, performance confidence, increased sense of control, and managing sexual identity conflict. In this article, we demonstrate the empirical and theoretical importance of centering gender and sexuality in deviance research and provide a roadmap for theoretical integration.

Hazardous Alcohol Use in the Four Years Following Bariatric Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Miller-Matero ◽  
Julia Orlovskaia ◽  
Leah M. Hecht ◽  
Jordan M. Braciszeweski ◽  
Kellie M. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

scholarly journals The association between medication or alcohol use and the incidence of frailty: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Jazbar ◽  
Igor Locatelli ◽  
Mitja Kos
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

Abstract Background Understanding potentially modifiable factors that influence the risk of frailty is a key concern for the management of this urgent contemporary public health challenge. This study evaluates the association between the use of various medications or alcohol and the incidence of frailty among older adults. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study on older adults (≥ 65 years) using data from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE survey, 28 countries). Medication use was measured as taking several different groups of medications. Alcohol use was assessed with SHARE questions corresponding to AUDIT-C. The outcome measure was the incidence of frailty after two years, defined by frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype (FP). A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association with adjustment for several potential confounding factors. Results Of the 14,665 FI-population participants, 1800 (12.3%) developed frailty within two years. Of the 8133 FP-population participants, 2798 (34.4%) developed pre-frailty and 247 (3.0%) developed frailty within two years of baseline. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, non-hazardous alcohol use (adjusted OR; 95% CI for the FI-population: 0.68; 0.60–0.77) and hazardous alcohol use (0.80; 0.68–0.93) are associated with lower incidence of frailty compared to no alcohol use. The odds of frailty are increased when taking medications; the largest effect size was observed in older adults taking medication for chronic bronchitis (adjusted OR; 95% CI for the FI-population: 2.45; 1.87–3.22), joint pain and other pain medication (2.26; 2.00–2.54), medication for coronary and other heart disease (1.72; 1.52–1.96), medication for diabetes (1.69; 1.46–1.96), and medication for anxiety, depression and sleep problems (1.56; 1.33–1.84). Additionally, the risk of frailty was increased with stroke, Parkinson’s disease and dementia. Conclusions Taking certain groups of medication was associated with increased incidence of frailty and pre-frailty, which might be due to either medication use or the underlying disease. Alcohol use was associated with a lower risk of pre-frailty and frailty compared to no alcohol use, which might be due to reverse causality or residual confounding. There was no significant interaction effect between medication groups and alcohol use on frailty incidence.

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