Developmental Patterns of Free Recall and Frequency Judgement in Korean and American Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Marx ◽  
Yung Che Kim ◽  
Bruce B. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Korean Students ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
American Students ◽  
Animal Names

Four experiments were conducted to compare developmental changes in free recall and frequency judgement. In Experiment 1, 1012 Korean students were shown a series of animal names and then asked to recall them and to estimate the frequency with which they had occurred. The poorest performance on both tasks was by primary-school students and the best by secondary-school students; college students were intermediate in performance. Essentially similar results were obtained in Experiment 2, with an additional 288 Korean students, except that secondary-school students did not perform better than college students. In this experiment, there was complete control of item specificity over frequency and any possible clustering effect was eliminated by using unrelated words rather than animal names. In Experiment 3, the developmental trends in frequency judgement were replicated with 193 American students. Those developmental trends were obtained with another 186 American students in Experiment 4 using relative frequency judgements. Retrospective reports about how frequency judgements were made suggested a developmental shift from more literal counting strategies to more intuitive strength impression judgements. The results are interpreted as suggesting the need for some modification of the Hasher and Zacks (1979, 1984) age-invariance proposition for frequency judgement.

Retention of Linked and Ordered Sentences

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Richard T. White
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Better Than

Several studies were made of the degree to which free recall of meaningful information is a function of the perceived linking and ordering of the information. Substantive result: information in sentences that are perceived to be linked and ordered is recalled better than information in sentences that are perceived to be unrelated; this effect is greater than can be accounted for by simple cueing through associations between constituent words. Methodological recommendation: to ensure that participants in a study process information into semantic memory, they should be required to write an answer to a question about the information; oral answers are insufficient. Clinical observation: some secondary school students follow a marked strategy of storing information verbatim; they appear to be inferior at recalling.

Assessing the Learning Processes of Mexican and Euro-American Students

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1294-1302
Author(s):  
David Watkins ◽  
Renuka Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
School Students ◽  
American Students ◽  
Response Set

Analysis of the responses of 221 Mexican American and 473 Euro-American secondary school students to the Learning Process Questionnaire of Biggs showed that responses of both groups were of moderate reliability and supported the scale's within- and between-construct validity. However, the means indicated the presence of a response set which raises questions about the validity of cross-cultural comparisons of scores with these ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Impact of life activity in conditions of digital environment on the students’ organ of sight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Obrubov ◽  
SV Markelova
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Total

The growth of eye disease incidence in the juvenile population amidst increasing visual load, which, among other factors, results from the use of electronic devices (ED), outlines the search for effective preventive measures, geared towards preservation of health of young people. The study was aimed to assess the impact of life activity upon exposure to digital environment on the organ of sight in schoolchildren and college students. The study was carried out in 2017-2020 at Dolgoprudny gymnasium and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. A total of 805 schoolchildren and college students underwent ophthalmologic examination. Accommodative response was registered with Speedy-K Ver. MF-1 autorefractor keratometer (Japan). A standardized questionnaire, tailored by the authors to meet the requirements of the study, was used to assess the regime for the use of ED by students. Inclusion criteria: schoolchild, college student, ophthalmologic examination data and submitted informed consent available, correctly completed questionnaire. Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 13.0 software. All students were the ED owners. Only 9.9% of primary school students, 2.7% of secondary school students, 1.9% of senior secondary school students, and 0.9% of college students did not use ED every day. Significant negative correlation was revealed between the students’ vision acuity and the daily total time of using the ED, as well as the duration of the ED continuous use (р≤0.05). Accommodation weakness was detected in 88.76% of students with early stage of myopia; accommodative response close to normal was less common (11.24%). The increase in daily total time of using the ED by 2 hours and more results in higher prevalence of functional vision problems (p≤0.05), and the trend of increasing the number of high myopia cases. The data obtained define the need of improving the students’ hygiene training starting from the preschool age.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Enhancement Mechanism of University Students’ Employability and Entrepreneurship Based on Deep Learning in the Context of the Digital Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Meng ◽  
Guoyan Ren ◽  
Wenjun Huang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
School Students ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

This paper adopts a deep learning approach to analyze and study the mechanism of quantitative enhancement of college students’ employment and entrepreneurial abilities in the context of the digital era. The deep learning connotation is predetermined as five abilities, which are metacognitive ability, active communication and cooperation ability, deep processing ability, creative practice ability, and learning empathy experience, and, based on this, the deep learning questionnaire is designed, and it is reclassified by exploratory factor analysis to reduce the dimensionality, and the specific indicators and scientific connotation dimensions of the deep learning questionnaire are determined; and, through the deep learning of each dimension, the problems of deep learning of college students are examined and in-depth analysis is conducted, and the inner relationship and correlation among the dimensions of deep learning of college students are derived through correlation analysis. The success of innovation and entrepreneurship depends on the innovation and entrepreneurial ability of college students, and the formation of the ability influenced various factors. Therefore, not only is studying the influencing factors of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability in line with the requirements of the times and social development, but also it can solve real problems. This thesis adopts a combination of two methods, qualitative research and quantitative research, to study the influencing factors of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability and tries to ensure the scientificity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of the conclusion. In this paper, we analyzed the requirements of the employment prediction system for graduating secondary school students, carried out the software framework and database design of the employment analysis and prediction system for secondary school students, and designed the system modularly based on the analysis results. By applying the proposed deep feedforward neural network prediction model to the prediction system, a software system applicable to the employment prediction and guidance of secondary school students is implemented.

Algebraic Formulas For Areas Between Curves

1982 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 654-657
Author(s):  
Hyman Gabai
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Integration By Parts ◽  
Algebra Students ◽  
American Students ◽  
Algebraic Formula ◽  
College Learn

Korean secondary school students preparing for college learn about the existence of a simple algebraic formula for finding the area bounded by a parabola and a line. This approach does not seem to be well known among American students. Whereas the derivations of formulas developed in this paper rely on integration by parts, algebra students could use the formulas without proofs.

Evaluation of a Summer-School Program for Highly Gifted Secondary-School Students: The German Pupils Academy

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Neber ◽  
Kurt A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
School Program ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Framework

Summary The German Pupils Academy (Deutsche Schüler-Akademie) is a summer-school program for highly gifted secondary-school students. Three types of program evaluation were conducted. Input evaluation confirmed the participants as intellectually highly gifted students who are intrinsically motivated and interested to attend the courses offered at the summer school. Process evaluation focused on the courses attended by the participants as the most important component of the program. Accordingly, the instructional approaches meet the needs of highly gifted students for self-regulated and discovery oriented learning. The product or impact evaluation was based on a multivariate social-cognitive framework. The findings indicate that the program contributes to promoting motivational and cognitive prerequisites for transforming giftedness into excellent performances. To some extent, the positive effects on students' self-efficacy and self-regulatory strategies are due to qualities of the learning environments established by the courses.

Ethnolinguistic Identity and Television Use in a Minority Language Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Harwood ◽  
Laszlo Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
School Students ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Vitality ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
Television Use

Based on the model of Reid, Giles and Abrams (2004 , Zeitschrift für Medienpsychologie, 16, 17–25), this paper describes and analyzes the relation between television use and ethnolinguistic-coping strategies among German speakers in South Tyrol, Italy. The data were collected among secondary school students (N = 415) in 2011. The results indicated that the television use of the students was dominated by the German language. A mediation analysis revealed that TV viewing contributed to the perception of ethnolinguistic vitality, the permeability of intergroup boundaries, and status stability, which in turn affected ethnolinguistic-coping strategies of mobility (moving toward the outgroup), creativity (maintaining identity without confrontation), and competition (fighting for ingroup rights and respect). Findings and theoretical implications are discussed.

Smart Girls, Dumb Boys!?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Latsch ◽  
Bettina Hannover
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
School Students ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
Stereotype Lift ◽  
The Media

We investigated effects of the media’s portrayal of boys as “scholastic failures” on secondary school students. The negative portrayal induced stereotype threat (boys underperformed in reading), stereotype reactance (boys displayed stronger learning goals towards mathematics but not reading), and stereotype lift (girls performed better in reading but not in mathematics). Apparently, boys were motivated to disconfirm their group’s negative depiction, however, while they could successfully apply compensatory strategies when describing their learning goals, this motivation did not enable them to perform better. Overall the media portrayal thus contributes to the maintenance of gender stereotypes, by impairing boys’ and strengthening girls’ performance in female connoted domains and by prompting boys to align their learning goals to the gender connotation of the domain.

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