Retention of Linked and Ordered Sentences

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Richard T. White
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Better Than

Several studies were made of the degree to which free recall of meaningful information is a function of the perceived linking and ordering of the information. Substantive result: information in sentences that are perceived to be linked and ordered is recalled better than information in sentences that are perceived to be unrelated; this effect is greater than can be accounted for by simple cueing through associations between constituent words. Methodological recommendation: to ensure that participants in a study process information into semantic memory, they should be required to write an answer to a question about the information; oral answers are insufficient. Clinical observation: some secondary school students follow a marked strategy of storing information verbatim; they appear to be inferior at recalling.

Developmental Patterns of Free Recall and Frequency Judgement in Korean and American Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Marx ◽  
Yung Che Kim ◽  
Bruce B. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Korean Students ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
American Students ◽  
Animal Names

Four experiments were conducted to compare developmental changes in free recall and frequency judgement. In Experiment 1, 1012 Korean students were shown a series of animal names and then asked to recall them and to estimate the frequency with which they had occurred. The poorest performance on both tasks was by primary-school students and the best by secondary-school students; college students were intermediate in performance. Essentially similar results were obtained in Experiment 2, with an additional 288 Korean students, except that secondary-school students did not perform better than college students. In this experiment, there was complete control of item specificity over frequency and any possible clustering effect was eliminated by using unrelated words rather than animal names. In Experiment 3, the developmental trends in frequency judgement were replicated with 193 American students. Those developmental trends were obtained with another 186 American students in Experiment 4 using relative frequency judgements. Retrospective reports about how frequency judgements were made suggested a developmental shift from more literal counting strategies to more intuitive strength impression judgements. The results are interpreted as suggesting the need for some modification of the Hasher and Zacks (1979, 1984) age-invariance proposition for frequency judgement.

scholarly journals Adjustment of Secondary School Students in Relation to their Gender

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh D. Makwana ◽  
Dr. S. M. Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Secondary School Student ◽  
Home School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

The present investigation in to find out the  Adjustment of Secondary School Students in Relation to their gender boys and girls. The sample consisted of 120 secondary school students out of which 60 where boys and 60 where girls. For this purpose of investigation “Adjustment Inventory” by Dr.R.S.Patel was used. The obtained data were analyzed through ‘t’ test to know the mean difference between secondary school students in relation to their gender. The result shows that there is no significant difference in Home, School and Emotional adjustment of  boys and girls secondary school student. But there is significant difference in Social adjustment of boys & girls secondary school students at 0.05 level. It means boys are Social adjustment better than girls

scholarly journals Secondary school students’ English literacy achievement based on PISA reading literacy test 2009

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Soni Mirizon ◽  
Machdalena Vianty ◽  
Ida Rosmalina ◽  
Erlina Erlina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Literacy Achievement ◽  
School Students ◽  
Urban District ◽  
English Literacy ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Literacy Test

Reading literacy has become global concern that Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has conducted Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) reading literacy test to assess what students know and can do in reading. Participating in PISA test since 2000, Indonesian students’ reading literacy has not shown a significant improvement. Because PISA reading literacy test is adapted into language of instruction of each participating country, it is Indonesian students’ reading literacy in Indonesian language which is not satisfactory. Considering the fact that Indonesian fifteen-year-old students study English as a compulsory subject, investigating students’ reading literacy in English is considered important. There has been much research investigating issues in reading achievement in Indonesia, but there are limited studies focussing on PISA reading literacy based on school location, school accreditation, gender, and academic major. Employing survey study design, this study assessed reading literacy of two thousand and two hundred secondary school students sampled from twenty four public secondary schools accredited A+, A, and B in Palembang. Data were obtained using PISA reading literacy test 2009 and were analysed statistically. The findings revealed that students’ English literacy was in level 3 (low category). Students studied at schools in central urban district performed better than those of in peri urban district. Those from secondary schools accredited A+ outperformed their counterparts in schools accredited A and B. Female students performed slightly better than male. Students majoring in science were better than those of majoring in social. The results lead to the conclusion that students’ English literacy achievement should be enhanced using innovating strategies to achieve targeted literacy level that is needed to survive in school academic life.

scholarly journals Creencias de los estudiantes de educación secundaria sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia y los modelos científicos: un estudio transversal

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3 Noviembr) ◽  
pp. 465-484
Author(s):  
Olga Pardo Marín ◽  
Joan Josep Solaz-Portolés ◽  
Vicente Sanjosé López
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
School Students ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Better Than

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio de las creencias de los estudiantes de secundaria de distintos niveles académicos sobre la construcción y naturaleza de la ciencia y de los modelos científicos. Se cumplimentó un cuestionario cuyos ítems están vinculados tanto a la naturaleza, elaboración y validación del conocimiento científico, como a la naturaleza, función, formulación y validación de los modelos científicos. Participaron 216 estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato (entre 12 y 18 años). De las puntuaciones medias obtenidas por los estudiantes y del ANOVA efectuado puede concluirse que: a) los conocimientos sobre la construcción y naturaleza de la ciencia y de los modelos científicos no son los más adecuados epistemológicamente y no se alteran con la formación académica; b) las ideas sobre modelos científicos son significativamente mejores que en el caso de la construcción del conocimiento científico, independientemente del curso que se trate; y c) sobrevaloran la observación y la experimentación en los procesos de construcción del conocimiento científico. This exploratory study examines the beliefs of secondary school students at different academic levels regarding the construction and nature of scientific knowledge and scientific models. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school students in grades 8-12 (ages 12-18). Items included in the questionnaire relate both to nature, elaboration and validation of scientific knowledge and to nature, role, formulation and validation of scientific models. Based on the scores obtained by students and the analyses of variance undertaken, it can be concluded that: a) students' knowledge about the nature of science and scientific models is not epistemologically appropriate and does not improve the higher academic level is; b) students' ideas about scientific models are significantly better than ideas about the construction of scientific knowledge, regardless of academic level; and c) students tend to overvalue the role of observation and experimentation in the processes of scientific knowledge construction.

scholarly journals Learning about Mushrooms Is Influenced by Survival Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Jana Fančovičová ◽  
Mário Szikhart ◽  
Pavol Prokop
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
School Students ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Better Than

The human brain is limited by its capacity and incapable of memorizing all information. The memory system evolved to give preference to memory information related to maintaining and increasing individual fitness. We have chosen fungi, a heavily neglected area in science education research, to investigate which kind of information about mushrooms will be better retained by secondary school students. Furthermore, we investigated whether information about mushroom toxicity is better retained when presented only orally or in combination with a written text. The research sample consisted of 160 secondary school students from Slovakia. Pretest/posttest experimental between-subject and within-subject design was used to examine research questions. Data were collected through questionnaires (using a Likert response scale). We found that survival-relevant information (i.e., mushroom toxicity) was retained significantly better than survival-irrelevant information (i.e., mushroom naming and occurrence), but there were no differences in recall between the presentation conditions. Unexpectedly, male students retained information about mushroom toxicity significantly better than female students. Our results suggest that information retention by secondary school students in regard to mushrooms that cause serious poisoning is in accordance with evolutionary predictions and can be utilized by science teachers.

scholarly journals Relationship between Personality Trait Introversion-Extroversion and Academic Achievement in Science Subjects among Secondary School Students in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Winston Edward Massam
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
School Students ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Science Classrooms ◽  
Better Than

While extrovert individuals tend to obtain their energy from other people, and they love talk, they interact, participate, lead, and socialize, introvert individuals direct their energy and attention inward and reflect on their own thoughts, memories, and feelings. Based on the introversion-extroversion personality characteristics, the present study sought to determine who performs better in science subjects between introverts and extroverts, and demonstrate these relationships by gender. The assumption was that while science classrooms require a great deal of interaction among the learners, these contrasting dimensions of personality trait could be reflected in classrooms and bear some implications on students’ learning and achievement. We employed a modified Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) to identify students’ personality (N=345) along introversion-extroversion scale and correlated these with their academic performance obtained from their National Form Two (Grade 9) Exam which is considered of high quality and standard. A comparison within sex revealed that introvert girls performed significantly better than extrovert girls whereas extrovert boys performed significantly better than introvert boys. When a comparison was made between sexes, it was revealed that extrovert boys had significantly higher grades compared to extrovert girls while introvert girls had significantly higher grades compared to introvert boys. Overall then, the study revealed a statistically significant correspondence of higher grades with introvert girls and extrovert boys, and lower grades with extrovert girls and introvert boys. The study implications and suggestions are made to inform instruction, guidance, and intervention.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF FOLK MATHEMATICS ON ACHIEVEMENT AT SECONDARY LEVEL STUDENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10(SE)) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
K.K. Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
School Students ◽  
Level Student ◽  
Better Than

The present study is aimed at finding the effectiveness of folk mathematics on achievement at secondary level student. It was an experimental method conducted on secondary school students in teaching mathematics for seventh standard. The result concluded by the investigator was that the effect of folk mathematics was better than the traditional method of teaching.

scholarly journals Problem Solving Performance in Physics Among Secondary School Students in Dire Dawa Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustefa Jibril
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Private School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Background Variable ◽  
School Students ◽  
Differential Performance ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Better Than

The main aim of this study was to assess problem solving performance in physics of grade 9th students. A test of reasoning was administered to a sample of 578 students. The results show differential performance of the students. Question based performance with background variable as school sector shows that performance of private school students was significantly better than students of public schools. Similarly female private school students performed well than male private school students.

Evaluation of a Summer-School Program for Highly Gifted Secondary-School Students: The German Pupils Academy

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Neber ◽  
Kurt A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
School Program ◽  
School Students ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Framework

Summary The German Pupils Academy (Deutsche Schüler-Akademie) is a summer-school program for highly gifted secondary-school students. Three types of program evaluation were conducted. Input evaluation confirmed the participants as intellectually highly gifted students who are intrinsically motivated and interested to attend the courses offered at the summer school. Process evaluation focused on the courses attended by the participants as the most important component of the program. Accordingly, the instructional approaches meet the needs of highly gifted students for self-regulated and discovery oriented learning. The product or impact evaluation was based on a multivariate social-cognitive framework. The findings indicate that the program contributes to promoting motivational and cognitive prerequisites for transforming giftedness into excellent performances. To some extent, the positive effects on students' self-efficacy and self-regulatory strategies are due to qualities of the learning environments established by the courses.

Ethnolinguistic Identity and Television Use in a Minority Language Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Harwood ◽  
Laszlo Vincze
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
School Students ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Vitality ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
Television Use

Based on the model of Reid, Giles and Abrams (2004 , Zeitschrift für Medienpsychologie, 16, 17–25), this paper describes and analyzes the relation between television use and ethnolinguistic-coping strategies among German speakers in South Tyrol, Italy. The data were collected among secondary school students (N = 415) in 2011. The results indicated that the television use of the students was dominated by the German language. A mediation analysis revealed that TV viewing contributed to the perception of ethnolinguistic vitality, the permeability of intergroup boundaries, and status stability, which in turn affected ethnolinguistic-coping strategies of mobility (moving toward the outgroup), creativity (maintaining identity without confrontation), and competition (fighting for ingroup rights and respect). Findings and theoretical implications are discussed.

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