Flunking COVID-19 Out of Schools: A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Minimize Novel Coronavirus-2 in Educational Settings

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and could afflict individuals from all walks of life. Children are usually asymptomatic or represent non-specific mild to moderate symptoms; therefore, they often remain undiagnosed and could be potential reservoirs and silent carriers of the virus. Despite the global attention to COVID-19 and its importance in public health, some clinical and paraclinical aspects of this disease in children are still unclear. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review of available literature to reflect on the current knowledge and practice of the disease among children. Methods: This study was a systematic review of current evidence conducted in October 2020. We performed a systematic search using the keywords in online databases. The investigation adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to ensure the reliability and validity of extracted literature and results. Results: We selected and reviewed 23 most related studies out of 1744 identified paper in an initial online search based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present review; of whom, 13 were original research studies, and 10 were a letter to the editors, commentaries, viewpoints, consensus statements, and perspectives. Although due to the origin of the current pandemic, China was the country with the most publications (14 articles), data from several countries have beenincluded in this review. Conclusion: COVID-19 can also affect children and cause systemic disease with several internal organ involvements. However, the prevalence, severity, and diversity of the symptoms in children are less than in adults. Cough and fever appear to be some of the most common symptoms, followed by other symptoms such as gastrointestinal manifestations. Comorbidities increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in children, and those without underlying conditions are very unlikely to suffer from severe disease. Mental health issues such as anxiety and depression due to the isolated situation caused by pandemics are common findings in children of early ages and should be seriously considered in current practice.

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Contact Tracing Applications Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.30262 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Nabeel ◽

Salman AlSabah ◽

Eliana Al Haddad ◽

Hutan Ashrafian

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Critical Mass ◽

Population Level ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

The Novel ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Manual Methods ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Transmission Of Disease

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered public anxiety around the world. So far, the evidence suggests that prevention on a public scale is the most effective health measure for thwarting the progress of COVID-19. Another critical aspect of preventing COVID-19 is contact tracing. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contact tracing applications currently available in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We undertook a systematic review and narrative synthesis of all literature relating to contact tracing applications in the context of COVID-19. We searched 3 major scientific databases. Only articles that were published in English and were available as full-text articles were selected for review. Data were extracted and narrative syntheses conducted. RESULTS Five studies relating to COVID-19 were included in the review. Our results suggest that digitalized contact tracing methods can be beneficial for impeding the progress of COVID-19. Three key themes were generated from this systematic review. First, the critical mass of application adoption must be attained at the population level before the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the solution can be increased. Second, usability factors such as access, ease of use and the elimination of barriers are essential in driving this uptake. Third, privacy must be ensured where possible as it is the single most significant barrier against achieving critical mass. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 2 million lives globally, with over 100 million confirmed cases. Contact tracing can rapidly identify potentially infected individuals before the emergence of severe or critical symptoms, and it can also prevent the subsequent transmission of disease from secondary cases when implemented efficiently. Contact tracing methods have proved to be beneficial for impeding the progress of COVID-19 as compared to older, more labor intensive manual methods.

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COVID-19, MERS and SARS with Concomitant Liver Injury—Systematic Review of the Existing Literature

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1420 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michał Kukla ◽

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽

Katarzyna Kotfis ◽

Dominika Maciejewska ◽

Igor Łoniewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Intensive Care Treatment ◽

The Novel ◽

Massive Necrosis ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Elevated Transaminases

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection has been predominantly linked to respiratory distress syndrome, but gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatic injury have also been reported. The mechanism of liver injury is poorly understood and may result as a consequence of viral hepatitis, systemic inflammatory response, gut barrier and microbiome alterations, intensive care treatment or drug toxicity. The incidence of hepatopathy among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear, but studies have reported liver injury in patients with SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We aimed to systematically review data on the prevalence of hepatic impairments and their clinical course in SARS and MERS Coronaviridae infections. A systematic literature search (PubMed/Embase/Cinahl/Web of Science) according to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted from database inception until 17/03/2020 for studies that evaluated the incidence of hepatic abnormalities in SARS CoV-1, SARS CoV-2 and MERS infected patients with reported liver-related parameters. A total of forty-three studies were included. Liver anomalies were predominantly mild to moderately elevated transaminases, hypoalbuminemia and prolongation of prothrombin time. Histopathology varied between non-specific inflammation, mild steatosis, congestion and massive necrosis. More studies to elucidate the mechanism and importance of liver injury on the clinical course and prognosis in patients with novel SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted.

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Impact of COVID-19 on community health: A systematic review of a population of 82 million

Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine ◽

10.3126/jaim.v9i1.29159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4-11

Author(s):

Brijesh Sathian ◽

Mohammad Asim ◽

Ahammed Mekkodathil ◽

Edwin R. Van Teijlingen ◽

Supram Hosuru Subramanya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Community Health ◽

South Asian ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

The Novel ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Current Systematic Review ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is exponentially spreading across the globe. As there is paucity of published literature, the influence of COVID-19 on community health remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the impact of COVID-19 on community health. The current systematic review was performed utilizing electronic databases, i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. We searched for the keywords "COVID-19" AND "community health" between January 1, 2020, until May 10, 2020. Although, limited evidence is available regarding quarantine to prevent COVID‐19, most studies considered quarantine as an essential public health measure to minimize rate of infection and mortality. Under these circumstances, people should focus on maintaining personal hygiene, proper nutrition, and extreme social distancing to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Besides, that there is a need to provide professional psychological support to reduce mental ill-health. We have highlighted two different public health approaches in South Asian countries, namely Nepal and India.

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Clinical laboratory parameters associated with severe or critical novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. e0239802 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jude Moutchia ◽

Pratik Pokharel ◽

Aldiona Kerri ◽

Kaodi McGaw ◽

Shreeshti Uchai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Laboratory Parameters ◽

Novel Coronavirus

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S20. SCREENING FOR THE AT-RISK MENTAL STATE IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbz020.565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S313-S313

Author(s):

Clare Howie ◽

Claire Potter ◽

Ciaran Shannon ◽

Gavin Davidson ◽

Ciaran Mulholland

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Mental State ◽

Educational Settings ◽

At Risk Mental State

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Venovenous ECMO treatment, outcomes, and complications in adults according to large case series: A systematic review

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/0391398820975408 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 039139882097540

Author(s):

Jun Hyun Kim ◽

Marina Pieri ◽

Giovanni Landoni ◽

Anna Mara Scandroglio ◽

Maria Grazia Calabrò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Influenza A ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Case Series ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Ecmo Treatment ◽

Vv Ecmo ◽

Large Case

Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has gained popularity for the treatment of refractory respiratory failure during and after the 2009 influenza pandemic, and still represents a precious therapeutic resource for severe novel coronavirus 2019 infection. However, most of the published studies are small case series, and only two randomized trials exist in literature. Aim: Aim of this systematic review is to describe trends in VV ECMO treatment outcomes according to large studies only. Methods: We searched and included studies with more than 100 VV ECMO cases dated up to August 1st, 2019. Results: Thirty-three studies published in the period 2011–2019 met inclusion criteria, for a total of 12,860 patients (age 46.3 ± 17.4 years). ARDS was mainly by pneumonia, in 3126 (37%) cases; further 401(7%) patients had H1N1 Influenza A infection. Cannulation-related complications occurred in 502 (7%) cases. Weighted mean (95% confidence interval) of VV ECMO duration was 8.9 (8.7–9.1) days, and ICU stay was 23.6 (22.4–24.8) days. Mortality at the longest follow up available was 40%. Data collection in 70% of the studies had a duration of >5 years. Conclusion: This study reveals the characteristics of large case VV ECMO studies.

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