Boron fertilization enhances photosynthesis and water use efficiency in soybean at vegetative growth stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (19) ◽  
pp. 2498-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Sayuri Fujiyama ◽  
Alysson Roberto Baizi e Silva ◽  
Mário Lopes da Silva Júnior ◽  
Nicole Raquel Pinto Cardoso ◽  
Adrianne Braga da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Boron Fertilization

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Response of Isatis indigotica to Regulated Deficit Irrigation in a Cold and Arid Environment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Chenli Zhou ◽  
Hengjia Zhang ◽  
Fuqiang Li ◽  
Zeyi Wang ◽  
Yucai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water resource scarcity is an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in Northwest China. Regulated deficit irrigation can conserve water while maintaining high crop yields. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency of woad (Isatis indigotica) under mulched drip irrigation from 2017 to 2019 in a cold and arid area of the Hexi Oasis irrigation region, China. Sufficient water was supplied during the seedling stage. The control consisted of adequate water supplied during the other growth stages, whereas mild, moderate, and severe water deficits were imposed during the vegetative growth period, and a mild and moderate water deficit was imposed during the fleshy root growth stage. A mild water deficit was imposed during the fleshy root maturity period. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under moderate and severe water deficit were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared with the control, respectively, during the vegetative growth period. The economic yield of mild water deficit during the vegetative growth and mild water deficit during the vegetative growth and fleshy root growth did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that of the control. Other treatments caused a 6.74–17.74% reduction in the economic yield of woad. The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were the highest in the mild water deficit during the vegetative growth period and the fleshy root growth period. Therefore, the application of a continuous mild deficit from the vegetative growth stage to the fleshy root growth stage with sufficient water supplied during other growth periods is recommended as the optimal irrigation regime for maximum yield, water use efficiency, and water-saving of woad.

Influence of row spacing on water use and yield of rain-fed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a no-till system with stubble retention

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. L. Kleemann ◽  
G. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Use Efficiency

A 3-year field study was undertaken to investigate the effect of row spacing on vegetative growth, grain yield and water-use efficiency of wheat. All 3 years of the study experienced 21–51% below-average rainfall for the growing season. Widening row spacing led to reduced biomass and tillers on per plant basis which could be related to the reduction in light interception by the wheat canopy in the wide rows which in turn could have reduced assimilate production. Reduction in vegetative growth in 54-cm rows translated into a significant reduction in grain yield which was strongly associated (r2 = 0.71) with the loss of spike density. The pattern of crop water use (evapotranspiration, ET) during the growing season was very similar for the three row-spacing treatments. However, there was some evidence for slightly lower ET (~5%) in 54-cm rows in two growing seasons. More importantly, there was no evidence for increased ET during the post-anthesis phase in wide rows as has been speculated by some researchers. Over the 3 years of the study, grain yield declined by 5–8% as row spacing increased from 18 to 36 cm and by a further 12–20% as row spacing increased from 36 to 54 cm. There was a consistent decline in water-use efficiency for grain (WUEG) with increasing row spacing over the 3 years. WUEG declined by 6–11% as crop spacing increased from 18 to 36 cm and declined further by 12–15% as row spacing increased to 54 cm. Lower light interception at wider row spacing could have reduced assimilate production by wheat as well as increased soil evaporation due to lower shading of the soil surface in more open canopies. Growers adopting wider row spacing on these relatively heavy textured soils are likely to experience some reduction in grain yield and WUEG. However, some growers may be prepared to accept a small yield penalty from intermediate row spacing as a trade-off for increased stubble retention and soil health.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency of Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups at Seedling and Grain-filling Growth Stages in a Rainforest Location

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
O. O. Bankole ◽  
A. Oluwaranti ◽  
F. E. Awosanmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maturity Groups

Aims: The objectives of this study were to evaluate maize genotypes of different maturity groups for seedling and grain filling water use efficiency and determine relationship that exist between the water use efficiency traits and yield of different maize maturity groups. Study Design:  Sixteen maize genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replicates for emergence, vegetative, water use efficiency traits at the seedling and grain-filling growth stages and yield. Place and Duration of Study: The sixteen maize genotypes of different maturity groups were evaluated during the early and late cropping seasons of 2016 at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Methodology: Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis among water use efficiency traits and yield for each of the maturity groups. Results: There was no significant difference among the genotypes within each maturity groups for water use efficiency at seedling and grain filling growth stages. The late maturity group of maize used more water at the seedling growth stage than the other maturity groups in the early season of this study while in the late season, the early and extra-early maturity groups used more water than the other maturity groups. Increase in emergence percentage, reduction in speed of germination, and minimal days to complete germination increased water use efficiency at the seedling stage only during the early cropping season. Efficiency of water usage at the seedling growth stage was more among the late and intermediate maturing groups than the extra-early and early maturing groups in the early season while in the late season, the extra-early and early maturing groups used water more efficiently than the late and Intermediate maturing groups Conclusion: Maturity group played a significant role in the expression and manifestation of water use efficiency traits under different environmental conditions.

Effects of irrigating forage turnips Brassica rapa var. rapa cv. Barkant during different periods of vegetative growth 3. Irrigation water use efficiency, evapotranspiration and effective use of water

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Rowe ◽  
J. E. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
North West ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Effective Use

Irrigation was applied at different rates and frequencies during five consecutive periods of vegetative growth of the forage turnip Brassica rapa var. rapa cv. Barkant, grown in the field in north-west Tasmania, Australia, during the spring and summer of 1999–2000 (Season 1) and 2000–01 (Season 2). Irrigation applied before root expansion did not increase the dry matter (DM) of turnips (leaf plus root) in either season. At the following four harvests in each season, DM increased linearly in proportion to the cumulative amount of irrigation applied before the harvests. Irrigation water use efficiency, as measured by the slopes of the linear regressions, ranged from 5.7 to 17.2 kg DM ha–1 mm–1 in Season 1 and from 19.2 to 26.0 kg DM ha–1 mm–1 in Season 2. The effective use of water (EUW; yield increase/evapotranspiration within a period) was calculated for each of the five periods in Season 2 to identify the vegetative growth periods when the response ( kg DM ha–1 mm–1) was greatest and limited irrigation water could be applied most effectively. EUW of irrigated turnip increased from 16.8 kg DM ha–1 mm–1 at the onset of root expansion to 53.5 kg DM ha–1 mm–1 when root growth rate was a maximum, but declined thereafter. Scarce irrigation should be applied between the onset of root expansion and approximately 8 weeks later, when the response to irrigation ( kg DM ha–1 mm–1) was greatest.

scholarly journals Low Tunnels Reduce Irrigation Water Needs and Increase Growth, Yield, and Water-use Efficiency in Brussels Sprouts Production

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej P. Acharya ◽  
Gregory E. Welbaum ◽  
Ramón A. Arancibia
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Tunnels ◽  
Open Fields

Farmers use low tunnels (LTs) covered with spunbonded fabric to protect warm-season vegetable crops against cold temperatures and extend the growing season. Cool season vegetable crops may also benefit from LTs by enhancing vegetative growth and development. This study investigated the effect of the microenvironmental conditions under LTs on brussels sprouts growth and production as well as water requirements and use efficiency in comparison with those in open fields. Low tunnels increased minimum soil temperature in all trials. By contrast, LTs reduced evapotranspiration (ET) 54% to 68% by reducing solar radiation (SR) and blocking wind in spite of increased maximum air temperatures. Because of reduced ET, water needs and irrigation decreased by 24% to 40%. Furthermore, LTs enhanced vegetative growth (plant leaf area, plant height, and plant dry weight). Sprouts per plant and yield under LTs increased by 29% and 46% in Spring 2017, by 22% and 46% in Fall 2017, and by 29% and 22% in Spring 2018. Considering the increased growth and productivity and reduced irrigation, LTs increased water-use efficiency (WUE) in relation to yield by 62% to 107% in comparison with open fields. Increased total yield and improved WUE illustrate that LTs may be a useful management tool in sustainable production systems in addition to their traditional role for season extension.

scholarly journals Enhancing Water use Efficiency of Maize under Deficit Irrigation: the Case of Moisture Deficit Areas of Tigray, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kiflom Degef Kahsay ◽  
Kidane Welde Reda
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Late Growth

Maize (Zea Mays L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. In Ethiopia, it is one of the leading food grains selected to assume a national commodity crop to support the food self-sufficiency program of the country. Maize is fairly sensitive to water stress and excessive moisture stress. This is due to variation in sensitivity of different growth stages to water stress. The study was conducted to determine the water use efficiency of maize under deficit irrigation practice without significant reduction in yield and to identify crop growth stages which can withstand water stress. The experiment was conducted at the Alamata Agricultural Research center experimental site Kara Adishabo Kebele, Raya Azebo district. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six levels of irrigation water applications as possible treatments. Analysis was done to yield and water use efficiency of maize using R statistical software and the mean difference was estimated using the least significant difference (LSD) comparison. The highest grain (33.72qt/ha) and biomass yield (148.4qt/ha) was obtained from the 50% deficit irrigation at late growth. The maximum irrigation water use efficiency was obtained from both 50% deficit at all the four growth stages (0.5418 kg/ha) and at 50% deficit at late growth stage (0.446 kg/m3). And by comparing the grain yield obtained at the 50% deficit at late growth stage (33.72 qt/ha) and grain yield obtained at 50% deficit at all growth stages (23.34 qt/ha), the 50% deficit at late growth stage shows better result. The 50% deficit of crop water requirement did not affect the yield components (plant height & number of cobs per plant) of maze. Therefore applying irrigation water by reducing the crop water requirement by 50% at the late growth stage has a significant contribution for sustainable and efficient irrigation water utilization at moisture deficient areas without a significant loss on grain and biomass yield.

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