The secular trend for grip strength in Canada and the United States

Background: Older adults living in rural areas suffer from health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidity burden, poor diet, and physical inactivity, which are also risk factors for sarcopenia, for which muscle weakness and slow gait speed are domains. To date, no study has examined urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States. Objective: To compare the prevalence of grip strength weakness and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. Design: A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of two cohorts from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using gait speed or grip strength data, and urban-rural residency, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data. Participants: 2,923 adults (≥ 60 yrs.). Measures: Grip weakness was defined as either, an absolute grip strength of <35 kg. and <20 kg. or grip strength divided by body mass index (GripBMI) of <1.05 and <0.79 for men and women, respectively. Slow gait speed was defined as a usual gait speed of ≤0.8m/s. Results: The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was significantly higher in urban compared to rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%; p=0.001), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). No urban-rural differences in gait speed were observed. Conclusions: Older adults residing in urban regions of the United States were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. This report is the first to describe urban-rural differences in handgrip strength and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.

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Industrial Anthropology in Europe

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193127602001604 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 20 (16) ◽

pp. 362-364

Author(s):

Hans W. Jürgens

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Secular Trend ◽

The United States ◽

Measuring Technique ◽

Points Of Interest ◽

Leading Position ◽

Selection Of

In Europe the origin of the anthropometric science as a basis for industrial anthropology can be reduced to two sources: the tradition of craftsmen and the anatomic science of measuring. First in 1914 when Rudolf Martin published his “Lehrbuch der Anthropologie” did one agree on a unification of the measuring technique. Today the United States are holding the leading position in ergonomics, but also in Europe we still find some important anthropometric centres. Their main points of interest are the investigation of the secular trend towards acceleration which is of particular interest to the clothing and furniture industries and the selection of sportsmen according to anthropometric aspects.

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Secular Trend of Hospital‐Acquired Candidemia among Intensive Care Unit Patients in the United States during 1989–1999

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/342300 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 627-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 428

Author(s):

W. E. Trick ◽

S. K. Fridkin ◽

J. R. Edwards ◽

R. A. Hajjeh ◽

R. P. Gaynes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Secular Trend ◽

The United States ◽

Hospital Acquired

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Hand-Grip Strength: Normative Reference Values and Equations for Individuals 18 to 85 Years of Age Residing in the United States

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.2519/jospt.2018.7851 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 685-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ying-Chih Wang ◽

Richard W. Bohannon ◽

Xiaoyan Li ◽

Bhagwant Sindhu ◽

Jay Kapellusch

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Reference Values ◽

The United States ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip

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An Initial Assessment of Secular Trends in Muscular Strength Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults Across the Lifespan: National Sample of Americans

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117116684890 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 705-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul D. Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Time Windows ◽

The United States ◽

National Sample ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender And Race ◽

Race Ethnicity

Purpose: Adequate muscular strength has important implications for morbidity and early mortality prevention. There are no data on the recent trends in muscular strength across lifespan, which was this study’s purpose. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across the United States. Participants: The analyzed sample included 12 295 participants aged 6 to 85 years. Measures: Muscular strength was assessed via a handgrip dynamometer. Analysis: Adjusted Wald test. Results: As expected, men (vs women) had greater grip strength, with grip strength declining as age increased. Central to the focus of this study, there were no changes in absolute or relative grip strength across the waves for any of the evaluated populations (considering age, gender, and race–ethnicity). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that muscular grip strength, across all age, gender, and race–ethnicity populations in the United States, has not changed in the 2 successive 2-year time windows, contained over a 4-year period.

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Assessment of the Evaluation Procedures of Drivers with Disabilities

The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research ◽

10.1177/153944929501500301 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 147-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Stephen Sprigle ◽

Belinda O. Morris ◽

George Nowachek ◽

Patricia E. Karg

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

The United States ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Evaluation Procedures ◽

Ability To Drive ◽

Steering Force

Surveys were sent to 403 driver evaluators and trainers throughout the United States whose clientele includes persons with disabilities, and 138 responses (35%) were received from 44 states. Most of the respondents were experienced evaluators, and 62% were occupational therapists. They were asked to report on the methods, equipment, and criteria used when assessing an individual's ability to drive. The measurement of specific driving characteristics (i.e., brake reaction time, steering force) was reported as being more important than measuring nonspecific physical characteristics (i.e., range of motion, grip strength), yet only one half of the respondents measured most of the defined driving characteristics. Most characteristics were measured through observation or a functional test rather than by using equipment. The overwhelming majority of evaluators used subjective criteria or no criteria when judging the findings of a test. Despite these results, two thirds of the evaluators reported being satisfied with their current evaluation equipment.

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Urban-Rural Differences in Sarcopenia Prevalence and Nutritional Risk Factors: The NHANES (2001–2002 and 2011–2014)

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 272-272

Author(s):

Jason Aziz ◽

Kieran Reid ◽

John Batsis ◽

Roger Fielding

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Total Energy ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Total Protein ◽

Gait Speed ◽

The United States ◽

Rural Residency ◽

Urban Rural

Abstract Background: Older adults living in rural areas experience health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidities, poor diet and physical inactivity; known risk factors for sarcopenia. No studies examining urban-rural differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia and slow gait speed among older adults in the United States exist. Objective: To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. As a secondary aim, we examined relationships between rural residency, total energy and total protein on gait speed and grip strength. Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis of two cohorts in the continuous NHANES (2001-2002 and 2011-2014), using gait speed or grip strength data, along with urban-rural status, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data in older (≥ 60 yrs.) adults. Results: The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was higher in urban vs. rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). Total energy, total protein and relative protein intakes were similar between urban and rural participants. Total energy intake was associated with gait speed and grip strength. Conclusions: Older adults living in urban areas of the United States, were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. Rural residency was not associated with gait speed or grip strength. Total energy intake was associated with slower gait speed but higher grip strength. This report is the first to examine urban-rural differences in sarcopenia and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.

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