The relationship of organizational and social coping resources to employee coping behaviour: A longitudinal analysis

Work & Stress ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Heaney ◽  
James S. House ◽  
Barbara A. Israel ◽  
Richard P. Mero
Author(s):  
Irina A. Umanskaya ◽  
Valeriy V. Golubev

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship of personality self-effi cacy and coping behaviour among university students. The authors demonstrate topicality of considering the aspect of coping with life diffi culties among students in connection with the high requirements of society for future professionals, on the one hand, and the high psychological load in the learning process, which leads to stress, on the other hand. Researchers consider self-effi cacy as a resource for coping with stress, and as a personality characteristic that depends on the success of solving diffi cult problems. The study was aimed at solving several problems: comparing the level of general self-effi cacy, self-effi cacy in activities and in the fi eld of communication among students of different courses; identifi cation of the relationship between the level of self-effi cacy and coping strategies in stressful situations for students of different courses (this is the main hypothesis of the study). As a result, the relationship between self-effi cacy and such coping strategies as self-monitoring and activity planning, as well as a strategy for avoiding diffi culties, is shown. However, the assumption that the level of self-effi cacy increases and the choice of coping strategies varies signifi cantly from course to course has not been confi rmed. There is also no connection with sociopsychological adaptation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R. Choi ◽  
Sae Takada ◽  
Altaf Saadi ◽  
Molly C. Easterlin ◽  
Liza S. Buchbinder ◽  
...  

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.


Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.


Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.


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