Formation of readiness of bachelor chemists for professional and pedagogic interaction with students in the context of digitalisation of education

Digitalisation of education contributes to higher requirements for pedagogue’s qualification, since not only digital competency becomes necessary, but also readiness to transform the teaching process and implement new approaches to the interaction with students using digital educational components. In this regard, there are difficulties in organising professional training for students non-pedagogues with the right to carry out professional activities in the field of education, due to the specifics of their training profile. The article presents the results of the study devoted to the problem of students' readiness formation for professional-pedagogic interaction with pupils in the educational process with digital components, on the example of undergraduate students of ‟Chemistry” training direction. The search for ways to solve the indicated problem is seen in the organisation of their psychological, pedagogic, and methodological support in the process of internships. Experimental work included the development and subsequent testing of the developed programme. Its generalised structure, stages of implementation and applied methods are given in the text of the article. Comparative and contrasting analysis of the data obtained in the process of experimental work allowed drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of the experimental work. Statistical analysis allowed establishing the reliability of the obtained data, indicating the positive dynamics of forming future bachelor chemists' readiness for professional-pedagogic interaction with pupils.

Post-traumatic stress and psychological well-being of emotionally abused girls

The aim of the presented study was to analyse emotional abuse as a stressor of high intensity in a group (n = 52) of girls aged 17 to 25. The level of post-traumatic stress, satisfaction with social support, including emotional and instrumental support, and a sense of psychological well-being and its components in particular, were considered. It has been shown that a high level of post-traumatic stress is characterised by low indicators for the components of psychological well-being and dissatisfaction with social support. Differences in positive relationships with others, in environmental management, self-acceptance and psychological well-being in general were obtained between girls, who had experienced emotional violence, and those, who had had no such a life experience; among other things, the former are not satisfied with social support and they note lack of its instrumental component. Abused girls experience difficulties in managing everyday affairs, in choosing social conditions that would satisfy their life needs and values; they are characterised by rejection of themselves, self-doubt, sense of loneliness, isolation and frustration. In addition, they feel dissatisfied with the attention and understanding of others, and at the same time, they feel distrust of others and are somewhat closed to accepting support.

Experience in the implementation of the programme of psychological correction of emotional states of disabled convicts

The article presents the results of the verification of the programme of psychological correction of the emotional states of disabled convicts, developed on the basis of a “time” approach and including three main blocks “Past”, “Present” and “Future”. The study involved 68 convicts serving sentences in a maximum security correctional colony (20 people with a disability group and 48 people without a disability). Evaluation of emotional states was carried out using the following methods – TOBOL (Lyudvig Vasserman, Aleksandr Vuks, Boris Iovlev, El'vira Karpova), State-Trate Anxiety Inventory by Charles Spielberger (in Juri Hanin's adaptation), Differential Emotions Scale by Carroll Ellis Izard, the questionnaires of the need for achievement for communication (by Yuri Orlov), the test of frustration reactions (by Saul Rosenzweig).The dynamics of changes in emotional states during the psychocorrectional programme was assessed using the SHPANA technique (Yevgeniy Osin). Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Friedman test, cluster analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results of the verification indicate the effectiveness of the psychological correction programme based on the “time” approach, with disabled convicts serving sentences in a correctional colony. The participants in the experimental group showed positive changes in the dynamics of positive affect. The data also substantiated the need to use an individually differentiated approach in correcting the emotional states of persons with a disability group.

Teaching prosody awareness in spontaneous speech for non-linguistic students

The paper reports on the findings of the study of prosody in teaching spontaneous speech production. Insufficient development of a scientifically based methodology for building oral language skills, taking into account its prosodic characteristics, determines the relevance of the study. The main goal of the research is to correct the methodology of teaching spontaneous learner talk, based on the results of experimental phonetic research. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach using linguistic methods of experimental phonetic research, as well as methods of psychological and pedagogic research. The results of phonetic experiment of 97 monolingual utterances of undergraduate students, non-English majors (total running 190 minutes) show a summary of commonly occurring problems that lead to non-native intonation. These problems are mostly related to improper segmentation, wrong distribution of the utterance stress, incorrect rhythmic organisation of speech, break of intonation continuum, inappropriate intonation patterns and melodic contour. The proposed prosodic focus on teaching spontaneous monologue speech includes the following stages: sensitisation, imitation, reading with prosody and practice activities. Methodological recommendations contain specific proposals for teaching sentence stress, syntagmatic division, pausing, intonation and rhythmics of spontaneous speech.

Analysis of Russian dissertation research on wrong behaviour from the standpoint of the theory of sets by Dimitri Uznadze modified by Aleksandr Asmolov

In the review article, in the context of discussing the current problem of clarifying the causes of wrong behaviour and developing approaches to its correction based on the analysis of literature sources; the hypothesis is substantiated that behavioural errors in all their diversity are a consequence of the actualisation of sets at different levels of organisation. The scientific novelty of the research is in the fact that in order to achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of wrong behavior has been carried for the first time out from the standpoint of the classical theory of sets by Dimitri Uznadze and from the standpoint of modification of this theory by Aleksandr Asmolov, according to which human activity is stabilised by three types of sets at different levels of organization – operational, purpose and semantic. For the factual argumentation of the results of the analysis, all dissertations (46) that had been defended in Russia over the past 30 years as part of the study of wrong behaviour were studied. In these works, errors are described and discussed, which can be conditionally subdivided into three main large groups – automatic errors, errors of failure to achieve the goal and errors of the meaning of activity. These groups of errors have signs of level sets, and that confirms the hypothesis formulated in this article. The development of approaches to the correction of wrong behaviour on the basis of psychological mechanisms of formation and correction of sets at different levels of organisation within the framework of the concept of set activity by Aleksandr Asmolov.

The structure of professional readiness of future lawyers

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the structure of the professional readiness of future lawyers to work in law enforcement agencies, as well as to substantiate the conditions for its formation in the educational environment of the university: the social and personal significance of legal education and its relevance; students' awareness of legal education as a necessary component of their professional competency; integration, unity and complementarity of state and regional interests in the content and structure of legal education; educational and methodological support of the educational process in relation to the spheres of professional activity of subjects of legal practice; monitoring, which allows diagnosing the formation of general cultural and professional competencies of students, modelling and predicting the pedagogic process, making managerial decisions on its correction based on the obtained objective information. The structure of professional readiness of future lawyers is presented as a multifunctional system education, which includes motivational and value, cognitive, operational-activity, evaluative-reflexive components. Our research complements research on this issue, defines the essence of professional readiness and its structure. The study expands the range of ideas about the professional training of students at university as a whole; complements the theoretical understanding of training of future lawyers for law enforcement.

The technology of organising the search activity of students of a technical university for the analysis of solutions to applied mathematical problems

The changes taking place in modern society and production naturally have an impact on the education system, making new requirements for it, which are associated not only with the professional qualities of a university graduate, but also with personal ones. These requirements are fixed in the federal state educational standards of higher education in the form of universal and professional competences. One of the directions that will contribute to the formation of personal qualities of a graduate is related to the training of students in search activities. We consider the issues of organising the search activity of students of a technical university in the process of studying higher mathematics. To do this, we have developed a technology for organising students' search activity based on the analysis of solutions to applied mathematical problems. We have identified three stages in the developed technology – preparatory, basic, and final. The goal of each stage is formulated both from the position of the student and from the position of the pedagogue. Also in the article we show an example of the practical implementation of the developed technology of organising the search activity of students of a technical university for the analysis of solutions to applied mathematical problems, which are reduced to calculating a certain integral. The proposed technology of organising students' search activities contributes to the development of their communication skills – students gain experience in preparing a report, presentation, public speaking, learn to answer additional questions, defend and argue their point of view.

Conceptualisation of the pandemic situation by the recovered people

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of the pandemic and coping behaviour. Two groups of participants are the following – the recovered respondents (n=57) and those who have not had a new coronavirus infection (n=57). The concept of the pandemic in psychological interpretation is a mental model that reflects objectified and subjective-evaluative characteristics and affects the choice of copings in a specific difficult situation. Based on the expert work, the relevant objectified and subjective-evaluative characteristics of the pandemic concept were identified. The conceptualisation of the pandemic is diagnosed using a directed associative experiment (the stimulus included the word “pandemic”), the pictographic technique and the “Ways of Coping Questionnare” by Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Kleppner Folkman. It was revealed that youth understood the pandemic as a global restriction caused by a viral disease, accompanied by negative emotions and coping by individual means of protection/distancing. The recovered participants considered the pandemic as a long viral disease a person suffers in isolation accompanied by fear, horror, loneliness, fatigue. Women who had been ill conceptualised the pandemic in emotionally-coloured characteristics and more often searched the social support than men (p=0.036). Men interpreted the pandemic as a widespread treasonous disease. The resource of the individual protective equipment, positive rethinking and social support in overcoming a specific difficult situation (the COVID-19 pandemic) is shown.

Practice-oriented tasks as a means of teaching mathematics to cadets of fire-technical specialties

The article is devoted to the problem of mathematical training of future fire safety engineers. In the process of training, cadets should have developed mathematical thinking, focused on the problems of civil protection. The basis for the formation of such thinking is the implementation of practice-oriented teaching of mathematics. Practice-oriented mathematical problems are an effective teaching tool. In the process of training specialists in fire-technical specialties, such tasks ensure the assimilation of mathematical concepts in the context of their interpretation in the professional field of activity of rescue engineers; creation of the mathematical basis necessary for studying the disciplines of the professional training cycle; development of the skill of constructing mathematical models of processes and phenomena in the field of protection of the population and territories. In this work, the author's definition of a practice-oriented mathematical problem is given, reflecting the real conditions of the service activities of specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Requirements for the content of such tasks for cadets of fire-technical specialties are formulated. A classification of practice-oriented tasks is proposed, taking into account the specifics of the future service activities of fire and technosphere safety engineers. Mathematical skills and abilities are indicated, the formation of which presents each type of problem, the corresponding practice-oriented mathematical skills necessary in the practical activities of civil protection specialists. Examples of tasks of all considered types are given.

Fear of pregnancy and childbirth in women and men: gender aspects and parenting experience

The article discusses the fear of pregnancy and childbirth as a multidimensional subjective phenomenon. It is noted that the fear of pregnancy and childbirth is a phenomenon associated not only with the period of expectation of a child and (or) preparation for childbirth, but also with existential experience that arises in the subject outside of partnership and the context of procreation, which is recorded from fertile age. However, pregnancy contributes to the understanding and concretisation of this fear in both partners. The sources of fear of pregnancy and childbirth are extensive. At the same time, in Russian literature, the interpretational aspects of fear are revealed mainly in the female sample. An empirical study was carried out to in-depth study of the fear of pregnancy and childbirth as a female and male problem and its dependence on parenting experience or prospects (n=141). The results demonstrate that fear of pregnancy and childbirth is present in both women and men and does not depend on the life context. The content of the main female and male fears is identical, but the female fear of pregnancy and childbirth is more pronounced and structured. The unified fears for women and men are revealed. However, this fear is more pronounced in subjects without experience of pregnancy and parenting.