Influence of Dorsolateral Periaqueductal Grey (DLPAG) Lesions on Contextual Conditioning with Massed and Distributed Shock

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1b) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Jake J. Klassen ◽  
Douglas A. Williams ◽  
Bruce Bolster ◽  
Robert W. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Periaqueductal Grey ◽  
Single Shock ◽  
Conditioned Defensive ◽  
Contextual Conditioning ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions

Three experiments investigated the conditions under which electrolytic lesions of the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey (dlPAG) facilitate conditioned defensive freezing in the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Experiment 1 found that dlPAG lesions placed before context-shock pairings facilitated conditioned defensive freezing with massed but not distributed shock. No such effect was found in Experiment 2, when the lesions were placed after context-shock pairings. Experiment 3 found that dlPAG lesions facilitated subsequent conditioning with massed but not a single shock. In addition, no differences in sensitivity to thermal or shock pain were evident in lesioned and unlesioned rats. Taken together, these results are consistent with the suggestion that dlPAG activation interferes with the processing of contextual cues during association formation.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hall
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Parallel Case

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) Terhadap Penurunan Aktivitas SGPT Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang di Induksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bara Pawana Satya Nagara
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan obat-obatan yang mudah didapat seperti parasetamol, dimana parasetamol dijual secara bebas akan menyebabkan penyalahgunaannya menjadi lebih besar.Penyalahgunaan ini berakibat timbulnya efek samping  seperti efek hepatotoksik yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada sel-sel hati. Pengendalian efek hepatotoksi didalam tubuh dapat dibantu dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung antioksidan. .Ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavanoid yang diyakini dapat menurunkan aktivitas SGPT dan mengurangi efek toksisitas hepar oleh parasetmol. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) terhadap penurunan aktivitas SGPT  tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi parasetamol. Metode: Merupakan post-test only control group mengunakan hewan coba tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (-), kelompok kontrol (+), kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat terapi ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) 500 mg/Kg BB Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) dosis 500 mg/kg/BB/hari pada tikus tidak menurunkan secara bermakna aktivitas SGPT pada kelompok tikus yang diberi parasetamol dosis tinggi ( p=0,401 α=0,05) Kesimpulan: Parasetamol dosis tinggi meningkatkan secara bermakna aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norveicus) galur Wistar. Pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) pada aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norveicus) galur Wistar menurunkan  secara tidak bermakna. Kata kunci : Artocarpus camansi, Parasetamol, SGPT

Overtraining of aerobic physical exercise reduce rats (Rattus norvegicus) memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ridla Parwata
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Male Rat ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heavy Training

Overtraining syndrome is a decrease in physical capacity, emotions and immunity due to training that is too often without adequate periods of rest. Overtraining is often experienced by athletes who daily undergo heavy training with short break periods. This research aims to look at the effect of overtraining aerobic physical exercise on memory in mice. The research method was experimental in vivo with the subject of adult male rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Winstar strain aged 8-10 weeks, body weight 200-250 gr. Divided into three groups, namely the control group, aerobic group and overtraining group. The results of memory tests with water E Maze showed an increase in the duration of travel time and the number of animal errors made by the overtraining group (p = 0.003). This study concludes that overtraining aerobic physical exercise can reduce memory in rat hippocampus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document