Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated medium using Lemna minor, Daphnia magna and their consortium

A two-fold integrated research study was conducted; firstly, to understand the effects of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on the growth and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; secondly, to study the beneficial effects of the duckweed Lemna minor L. as a heavy metal remover in wastewater. Experiments were conducted in mesocosms with and without duckweed. Tilapia fingerlings were exposed to Cu (0.004 and 0.02 mg L−1) and Zn (0.5 and 1.5 mg L−1) and fish fed for four weeks. We evaluated the fish growth performance, the hepatic DNA structure using comet assay, the expression of antioxidative genes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and glutathione-S-transferase, GST) and GPx and GST enzymatic activity. The results showed that Zn exhibited more pronounced toxic effects than Cu. A low dose of Cu did not influence the growth whereas higher doses of Cu and Zn significantly reduced the growth rate of tilapia compared to the control, but the addition of duckweed prevented weight loss. Furthermore, in the presence of a high dose of Cu and Zn, DNA damage decreased, antioxidant gene expressions and enzymatic activities increased. In conclusion, the results suggest that duckweed and Nile tilapia can be suitable candidates in metal remediation wastewater assessment programs.

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Heavy-metal (Zn, Cd) tolerance in selected clones of duck weed (Lemna minor)

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf00012021 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 146 (1-2) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

R. F. M. Van Steveninck ◽

M. E. Van Steveninck ◽

D. R. Fernando

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Cd Tolerance ◽

Duck Weed

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Heavy metal levels and esterase variations between metal-exposed and unexposed duckweed Lemna minor: field and laboratory studies

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2004.01.006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 811-814 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Suman Mukherjee ◽

Swati Mukherjee ◽

P Bhattacharyya ◽

A.K Duttagupta

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Metal Levels

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Evaluación del riesgo ambiental por petróleo crudo en las especies acuáticas Lemna minor, Daphnia magna y Danio rerio

Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales ◽

10.18257/raccefyn.1398 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alisson Valeska Caja-Molina ◽

José Iannacone

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Effect Concentration ◽

L 96

Los derrames de petróleo ocasionan contaminación en los sistemas acuáticos y generan un problema ambiental grave. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el riesgo ambiental de los derrames de petróleo crudo mediante bioensayos de toxicidad letal y subletal en Lemna minor, Daphnia magna y Danio rerio. Se determinó la toxicidad de los hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH) en la fracción acumulada de petróleo mediante bioensayos con un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) de 6 x 4, con cinco concentraciones, un control y cuatro repeticiones. Las variables analizadas fueron el peso seco y la clorosis (L. minor); la mortalidad y la inmovilidad (D. magna), y la hipoactividad, el escape hacia el fondo y la hipoventilación (D. rerio). Los resultados obtenidos se evaluaron mediante diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) entre las concentraciones y el control. Se determinaron los valores de la concentración en que no se observa efecto por exposición del contaminante (no observed effect concentration, NOEC) de <0,4 y 3,22 mg/L en las variables de clorosis y peso seco para L. minor. En el caso de D. magna, se obtuvo una concentración efectiva media para la inmovilidad (CE50-48h) de 2,74 mg/L y una concentración letal media (CL50-48h) de 6,22 mg/L. En el ensayo con el pez D. rerio, la variable de hipoactividad dio una NOEC y una concentración más baja en la que se observa efecto por exposición del contaminante (LOEC) de 14,28 y 28,61 mg/L a las 96 h de exposición, respectivamente. Los peces mostraron respuesta de escape hacia el fondo a 3,58 mg/L. En cuanto a la hipoventilación, los valores obtenidos de NOEC y LOEC fueron 7,15 y 14,31 mg/L (96 h). Se determinó el siguiente orden de toxicidad decreciente: L. minor (<0,40 mg/L – clorosis 168 h) > D. magna (1,61 mg/L – inmovilidad 48 h) > D. rerio (<3,58 mg/L – escape hacia el fondo 96 h). Todas las variables analizadas presentaron un cociente de riesgo mayor a 1, lo que dejó en evidenció el riesgo acuático ambiental.

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Assessment of acrylamide toxicity using a battery of standardised bioassays / Procjena toksičnosti akrilamida pomoću standardiziranih biotestova

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2715 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mira Zovko ◽

Željka Vidaković-Cifrek ◽

Želimira Cvetković ◽

Jasna Bošnir ◽

Sandra Šikić

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Low Cost ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Freshwater Organisms ◽

Desmodesmus Subspicatus ◽

Class 1 ◽

Increased Sensitivity

Acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (PAMs). Since PAMs are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. PAMs are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. In order to evaluate the effect of acrylamide on freshwater organisms, bioassays were conducted on four species: algae Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, duckweed Lemna minor and water flea Daphnia magna according to ISO (International Organization for Standardisation) standardised methods. This approach ensures the evaluation of acrylamide toxicity on organisms with different levels of organisation and the comparability of results, and it examines the value of using a battery of low-cost standardised bioassays in the monitoring of pollution and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. These results showed that EC50 values were lower for Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata than for Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, which suggests an increased sensitivity of algae to acrylamide. According to the toxic unit approach, the values estimated by the Lemna minor and Daphnia magna bioassays, classify acrylamide as slightly toxic (TU=0-1; Class 1). The results obtained from algal bioassays (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) revealed the toxic effect of acrylamide (TU=1-10; Class 2) on these organisms.

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Toxicity of Some Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Their Mixtures to Vibrio fischeri Bacteria and Daphnia magna: Comparative Study

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v6i2.8174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sameeh A. Mansour ◽

Alia A. Abdel-Hamid ◽

Azza W. Ibrahim ◽

Neveen H. Mahmoud ◽

Walaa A. Moselhy

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Daphnia Magna ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

The Other ◽

Metal Mixtures ◽

Pesticide Mixtures ◽

Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽

Organic Pesticides

The present study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test (Microtox® assay), and the standard acute Daphnia magna test; using 3 heavy metals, 3 organic pesticides, and their mixtures. In Daphnia tests, either at 24h or 30 min exposure times, the pattern of toxicity order for heavy metals was Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Pb. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the highest toxic at 24h, while Triazophos was the highest toxic at 30 min exposure times. In the Microtox® test at 5 min exposure time, the estimated EC50 values were 4.20, 4.53 and 6.60 mg/L for Cu, Cd and Pb, respectively. At the same exposure time, the EC50 values of Triazophos, Chlorpyrifos-Me and Profenofos accounted to 1.76, 3.36 and 4.12 mg/L, respectively. Similar order of toxicity was obtained when tests were conducted at 15 min exposure time. The paired mixtures of pesticides, as well as the mixtures of Cu + Cd and Pb + Cd, showed potentiation effects, while the mixture of Cu + Pb showed additive effect against D. magna. The tertiary mixtures of the pesticides or the heavy metals reacted antagonistically. In the Microtox® assay, the heavy metal mixtures reacted antagonistically, while pesticide mixtures showed synergism. It was concluded that both Daphnia and Microtox® tests showed similar pattern of sensitivity to the single toxicants, but dissimilar pattern to the heavy metal mixtures. On the other side, using shorter exposure time (ca. 30 min) with Daphnia bioassay may enable us to held reliable comparisons with Microtox® results.

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