scholarly journals Evaluación del riesgo ambiental por petróleo crudo en las especies acuáticas Lemna minor, Daphnia magna y Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Valeska Caja-Molina ◽  
José Iannacone
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
L 96

Los derrames de petróleo ocasionan contaminación en los sistemas acuáticos y generan un problema ambiental grave. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el riesgo ambiental de los derrames de petróleo crudo mediante bioensayos de toxicidad letal y subletal en Lemna minor, Daphnia magna y Danio rerio. Se determinó la toxicidad de los hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH) en la fracción acumulada de petróleo mediante bioensayos con un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) de 6 x 4, con cinco concentraciones, un control y cuatro repeticiones. Las variables analizadas fueron el peso seco y la clorosis (L. minor); la mortalidad y la inmovilidad (D. magna), y la hipoactividad, el escape hacia el fondo y la hipoventilación (D. rerio). Los resultados obtenidos se evaluaron mediante diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) entre las concentraciones y el control. Se determinaron los valores de la concentración en que no se observa efecto por exposición del contaminante (no observed effect concentration, NOEC) de <0,4 y 3,22 mg/L en las variables de clorosis y peso seco para L. minor. En el caso de D. magna, se obtuvo una concentración efectiva media para la inmovilidad (CE50-48h) de 2,74 mg/L y una concentración letal media (CL50-48h) de 6,22 mg/L. En el ensayo con el pez D. rerio, la variable de hipoactividad dio una NOEC y una concentración más baja en la que se observa efecto por exposición del contaminante (LOEC) de 14,28 y 28,61 mg/L a las 96 h de exposición, respectivamente. Los peces mostraron respuesta de escape hacia el fondo a 3,58 mg/L. En cuanto a la hipoventilación, los valores obtenidos de NOEC y LOEC fueron 7,15 y 14,31 mg/L (96 h). Se determinó el siguiente orden de toxicidad decreciente: L. minor (<0,40 mg/L – clorosis 168 h) > D. magna (1,61 mg/L – inmovilidad 48 h) > D. rerio (<3,58 mg/L – escape hacia el fondo 96 h). Todas las variables analizadas presentaron un cociente de riesgo mayor a 1, lo que dejó en evidenció el riesgo acuático ambiental.  

Effect of Mercury on the Survival of Daphnia Magna

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brković-Popović
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Time Required

The median lethal time (LT) for each concentration of mercury was determined on the basis of mortality curves. Toxicity curves (i.e., the median life-span of Daphniamagna, LT 50, versus the concentration of mercury) for four tested conditions are shown. The experiments were carried out using two diluents of different total hardness (46 and 119 mg/l as CaCO3), at two temperatures (20°C and 25°C). A comparison of the LT 50s of the control organisms with the LT 50s of the test organisms at mercury concentrations of 0.0075 and 0.0050 mg. l-1 showed that the chemical characteristics and temperatures of the mediums tested did not affect the range of the ‘no effect' concentration. However, the incipient LC 50, and the time required for its appearance, did depend on the combination of the abiotic factors tested.

Silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate induce high toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

2014 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabianne Ribeiro ◽  
Julián Alberto Gallego-Urrea ◽  
Kerstin Jurkschat ◽  
Alison Crossley ◽  
Martin Hassellöv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
High Toxicity

scholarly journals Índices de calidad ambiental de aguas del Arroyo Caañabe mediante tests microbiológicos y ecotoxicológico

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Tomás Rodrigo López Arias ◽  
Virginia Florencia Fernández Peralta ◽  
Deidamia Mercedes Franco de Diana ◽  
Edgar Fidel Galeano Delgado ◽  
Fernando Salvador Alonso Márquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Los Grupos

El Arroyo Caañabe, es un curso de agua que corre a través de los Departamentos Central y Paraguarí (República del Paraguay). Las descargas de origen agropecuario, urbano e industrial contaminan sus aguas. En este trabajo se evalúa la calidad del arroyo mediante sus características fisicoquímicas, ecotoxicológicas, microbiológicas y se la comparan con la legislación vigente. Se colectaron muestras en los meses de Julio y Setiembre del año 2014. Se estudiaron tres sitios denominados S1, ubicado en aguas arriba de la Ciudad de Carapegua; S2 en la intersección del arroyo con la Ruta 1, y S3, en la zona límite de las ciudades de Carapegua y Nueva Italia. Se realizaron ensayos de toxicidad aguda con Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa, y alevines de Danio rerio; además de ensayos crónicos en Tetradesmus wisconsinenesis, D. rerio y Allium cepa. Se evaluaron los grupos y especies microbianos siguientes: aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias, coliformes totales, coliformes fecales, E. coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa, mohos y levaduras; además se determinaron índices de calidad y de contaminación. Los resultados indican que las aguas del arroyo presentaron características de clase II y de clase III según el padrón establecido por la Secretaría del Ambiente del Paraguay. El índice de calidad de agua (ICA) arrojó valores comprendidos entre 52 y 62 lo que otorga la clasificación de “regular”; mientras que el índice de contaminación trófica (ICOTRO) presentó valores entre 0,12 y 0.26, indicando “eutrofización”. Los recuentos de coliformes fueron superiores en el segundo muestreo, aunque dentro lo establecido por la norma. La presencia de P. aeruginosa en los tres puntos constituye un riesgo para la salud. Ensayos ecotoxicológicos agudos mostraron que las aguas presentan escasos efectos letales, no obstante los ensayos crónicos en A. cepa y el test de micronúcleos en D. rerio indican potenciales efectos citotóxicos y genotóxicos de las aguas del Arroyo Caañabe.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Indices of Phyto Remediated Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil and the Effect of Bio-nutrient Amendment

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
J. O. Dasetima-Altraide ◽  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
T. K. S. Abam ◽  
A. E. Gobo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Test Plants

Aim: To assess the Physicochemical indices of Phytoremediated Crude Oil polluted amended soil using grass plant Cyperus esculentus (Cyp) and Phyllanthus amarus (Phy). Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu- Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50” N and Latitude 6ᵒ58’39.12” E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 square meter. Phytoremediation process monitoring lasted for 240 days; analyses were carried out monthly at 30 days’ interval. Methodology: The study was carried out on Crude Oil Polluted soil (PS) amended with bio-nutrient supplements (Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and selected fungi (Aspergillus niger(AN) andMucor racemosus (MR)) used to stimulate and augment the indigenous microbial population present in a crude oil polluted soil thereby enhancing hydrocarbon reduction in pari per sue with phytoremediation (uptake of Crude oil by test plants) over a period of 240 days. Ten (10) experimental plots (two Control (Unpolluted and polluted soil without amendment) and eight polluted amended/treated plots) employing Randomized Block Design (each having dimensions: 100 x 50 x 30 cm LxBxH); formed and mapped out on agricultural soil and left fallow for 6 days before contamination on the seventh day; after which it was allowed for 21 days for proper contamination and exposure to natural environmental factors (to mimic soil crude oil spill site); thereafter nutrients/organics (biostimulating agents) and bioaugmenting organisms were applied. Baseline studies were carried out on soil profile before and after contamination, major parameters monitored and assayed were Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) uptake by plant roots and stem, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and TPH reduction in soil. Other physicochemical properties analyzed in the soil from different plots were pH, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Total Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, Potassium, Total Organic Carbon, Plant Height, Iron, Lead and Zinc at regular intervals; days 1, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 & 240. The rate of phytoremediation was estimated from percentage (%) uptake of Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in plant roots and stem from day 1 -240; while percentage (%) reduction of TPH and PAHs in soil was estimated from day 1 to the residual at day 240. Results: The test plants decreased significant amount of crude oil as revealed in TPH uptake in their roots and Stem. Mean amount and percentage Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) uptake by Cyperus esculentus roots and stem were; 152.33±50.34mg/kg, 12.57±4.16% and 201.13±8.80mg/kg, 13.27±0.58% respectively; while that of Phyllanthus amarusroots and stem were 141.50±35.62mg/kg, 11.68±2.94% and 174.44±19.98mg/kg, 11.51±1.32% respectively; revealing higher Uptake of TPH in plant stem than roots. From the initial TPH contamination value of 5503.00mg/kg, it was observed that plots planted with Cyperus esculentus (TPH 5492.75±76.36mg/kg) showed higher reduction of TPH from soil than those planted with Phyllanthus amarus(TPH 5449.72±18.27mg/kg); while PAHs degradation/reduction showed a reverse trend with plots planted with Phyllanthus amarus (PAHs 28.72±2.74mg/kg; 60.46±5.77%) higher than plots planted with Cyperus esculentus s (PAHs 25.77±2.12mg/kg, 54.24±4.47%). Conclusion: Plots planted with Cyperus esculentus showed higher reduction of TPH from soil than those planted with Phyllanthus amarus while PAHs degradation/reduction in plots planted with Phyllanthus amarus was higher than plots planted with Cyperus esculentus. TPH uptake was higher in plant stems than roots; more so, plots amended with nutrient supplements showed significant higher percentage reduction in hydrocarbon in the polluted soil than unamended polluted soil. It is therefore recommended that Cyperus esculentus is a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with high TPH value while Phyllanthus amarusis the best option in phytoremediation of polluted soil with high PAHs value, both in combination with bio-nutrient supplement.

scholarly journals Biodegradation Potentials of Aspergillus sydowii and Fusarium lichenicola on Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in an Oilfield Wastewater in Rivers State

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Williams, Janet Olufunmilayo ◽  
Aleruchi Owhonka
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aspergillus Sydowii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rivers State

This study investigated the potential of Aspergillus sydowii and Fusarium lichenicola as mixed cultures in the biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons TPHs in oilfield wastewater. Oilfield wastewater was collected from an onshore oil producing platform and biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons was investigated using standard methods. Fungi were isolated from oilfield wastewater contaminated soils obtained from the vicinity of the oil producing platform. Experimental control set-up and treatment with mixed culture of fungal isolates were periodically analyzed on days 7 and 21 intervals for total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation using Gas Chromatography (GC). The total amount of TPHs on day 1 recorded 381. 871 mg/l.  The amount of TPHs on days 7 and 21 in the mixed culture of fungi was 108.975 mg/l and 21.105 mg/l respectively while TPHs in control was 342.891 mg/l and 240.749 mg/l respectively. There was a significant difference between the mixed culture and the control on days 7 and 21 at p≤0.05. The results therefore revealed actual and significant reduction of TPHs in the mixed culture. In addition, there was clearance of n-alkanes by the mixed culture. This suggests that fungi have great potentials in biodegradation of TPHs and in remediation of TPH contaminated environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document