scholarly journals Toxicity of Some Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Their Mixtures to Vibrio fischeri Bacteria and Daphnia magna: Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameeh A. Mansour ◽  
Alia A. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Azza W. Ibrahim ◽  
Neveen H. Mahmoud ◽  
Walaa A. Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
Organic Pesticides

The present study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test (Microtox® assay), and the standard acute Daphnia magna test; using 3 heavy metals, 3 organic pesticides, and their mixtures. In Daphnia tests, either at 24h or 30 min exposure times, the pattern of toxicity order for heavy metals was Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Pb. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the highest toxic at 24h, while Triazophos was the highest toxic at 30 min exposure times. In the Microtox® test at 5 min exposure time, the estimated EC50 values were 4.20, 4.53 and 6.60 mg/L for Cu, Cd and Pb, respectively. At the same exposure time, the EC50 values of Triazophos, Chlorpyrifos-Me and Profenofos accounted to 1.76, 3.36 and 4.12 mg/L, respectively. Similar order of toxicity was obtained when tests were conducted at 15 min exposure time. The paired mixtures of pesticides, as well as the mixtures of Cu + Cd and Pb + Cd, showed potentiation effects, while the mixture of Cu + Pb showed additive effect against D. magna. The tertiary mixtures of the pesticides or the heavy metals reacted antagonistically. In the Microtox® assay, the heavy metal mixtures reacted antagonistically, while pesticide mixtures showed synergism. It was concluded that both Daphnia and Microtox® tests showed similar pattern of sensitivity to the single toxicants, but dissimilar pattern to the heavy metal mixtures. On the other side, using shorter exposure time (ca. 30 min) with Daphnia bioassay may enable us to held reliable comparisons with Microtox® results.

scholarly journals Comparison of organics and heavy metals acute toxicities to Vibrio fischeri

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuepeng Yang ◽  
Yan Ji ◽  
Fangfang Wang ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Xiangzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Cell Death Rate ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
The Difference

Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition has been widely used to test acute toxicities of metals and organics contaminants. However, the differences of metals and organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri have not been compared. Here, four heavy metals (Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr6+) and five organics (phenol, benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, nitro-benzene and benzene) acute toxicities to V. fischeri were investigated. Heavy metals toxicities to V. fischeri were increased along with the reaction time, while the organics toxicities kept the same level in different reaction times. In order to explain the difference, the relative cell death rate of V. fischeri was detected. In metals toxicities tests, the bioluminescence inhibition rate of V. fischeri was found to be significantly higher than the relative cell death rate (P<0.05), while for the organics toxicities tests, the cell death rate was similar to the bioluminescence inhibition rate. These results indicated that organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri could reflect the death of cell, but metals acute toxicities to V. fischeri may not lead to the death of cell, just represent the bioluminescence inhibition.

scholarly journals Influence of cultivar on the content of selected minerals in red beet roots (Beta vulgaris L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Maria Gawęda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Beetroot is a vegetable that accumulate heavy metals. This is largely dependent on the cultivar, methods and growing conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the composition of elements in the roots of 15 cultivars of red beet. The analysis assessed the content of macroelements (Na, P) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn). Most soils of the Lesser Poland region are exposed to the impact of industrial and transportation pollution. The soils of this region are characterized by strong acidification as well as natural or increased heavy metal content. The experiment was set up at the experimental field of the Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in 2009-2010. On the basis of the performed analysis, ‘Opolski’ was chosen as the cultivar that was characterized by a high content of macroelements and lower ability to accumulate heavy metals than the other tested cultivars. The lowest ability to accumulate heavy metals (Cd and Cr) was found in the cases of cultivars with cylindrical root shapes, such as Rywal or Opolski. One can indicate such cultivars as Astar F1 or Nabab F1 as cultivars recommended for cultivation in ecologically threatened areas.

scholarly journals Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019—A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangmei Tong ◽  
Hairong Li ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Muyesaier Tudi ◽  
Linsheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contamination Levels

This study provides an overview of the studies of heavy metal pollution regarding As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the urban soils throughout 71 cities of China, based on data from online literature, during the period 2003–2019. The concentrations, spatial distributions, contamination degrees and health risks of heavy metals in the urban soils were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the mean values of eight heavy metals all exceeded the soil background values in China, and the kriging interpolation method showed that the hot-spot cities with heavy metal contamination in urban soils were mainly concentrated in the southwest, southcentral, southeast coast, northcentral and northwest regions of China. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that Hg and Cd were at moderate contamination levels and that the levels of the other six metals did not appear contamination. The pollution index (PI) showed that Cd and Hg reached high contamination levels, and the other metals reached moderate contamination levels. The integrated pollution index (IPI) and potential ecological risk index (PRI) indicated that the integral urban soils in the study areas ranked high contamination levels and moderate ecological risk degree, respectively, and Cd and Hg should be labeled as priority metals for control in the urban soils around China. The human health risk assessments for the heavy metals indicated that ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for having adverse effects on human health. The mean Hazard index (HI) values of eight heavy metals all showed that adverse effects on human health were unlikely, and the mean carcinogenic (CR) values of As, Cr and Ni for children and adults all suggested an acceptable carcinogenic risk to human beings. In addition, children exposed to these heavy metals faced more serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health threats compared to adults. The results could provide valuable information for demanding the better control of heavy metal pollution and mitigation of the adverse effects on residents by environmental regulators in national urban regions.

Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Electroplating Sludge and the Effect of Composting

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1975-1979
Author(s):  
Jin Long Yan ◽  
Gui Xiang Quan ◽  
Cheng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Electroplating Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Use

Electroplating sludge is always listed as hazardous waste due to the high content of heavy metals. The most economical and available way for disposal of sludge is soil application of sludge compost, and the major limitation in agriculture utilization is the total heavy metal contents and their bioavailability to the soil–plant system. The effect of composting on the speciation of heavy metals in an electroplating sludge was studied, and the potential environmental impacts were also assessed. The electroplating sludge was composted with rice straw and sawdust by static aerobic method at high temperature with forced ventilation. Results showed that the exchangeable species of copper and nickel were significantly decreased after the compost procedure, and the other kinds of species were increased differently. Data in this research indicated that composting can reduce the activity of heavy metals to some extent to achieve the agricultural use.

scholarly journals Logam Berat Anthropogenik Pb dan Cu pada Lapisan Sedimen Permukaan dan Dasar Muara Sungai di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Ibnu Pratikto ◽  
Ajeng Rusmaharani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bed Sediment ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Bed Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Semarang coastal areas as specially on river down stream have been develop to industrial, dumpping areas and human settlement.  Its will be caused increasing sedimentation and anthropogenic heavy metals accumulation in sediments.  In order to assess Pb, and Cu on diferent layers of sediments on three down stream rivers on Semarang, samples of surface and bed sediment were collected for analyzed by ICPMS.  The result showed that the heavy metal of Pb on bed layer was higher than Pb on surface sediment, on the other hand Cu on surface sediment was higher than Cu on bed sediments.  Unfraternally the heavy metal concentration on surface and beds sediments they do not correlation with totals organic carbon and combination silt and clay in sediment on three down stream rivers on Semarang. Wilayah pesisir Semarang terutama di daerah muara sungai telah berkembang menjadi kawasan industri, penimbunan dan hunian.  Hal tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan sedimentasi dan akumulasi antropogenik logam berat dalam sedimen.  Untuk mengetahui logam berat Pb dan Cu dalam permukaan dan dasar sedimen di tiga muara sungai Semarang.  Maka sampel pada permukaan dan dasar sedimen diambil dan dianalisa dengan ICPMS.  Hasil pengukuran menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi logam Pb pada lapisan dasar lebih tinggi dari pada lapisan permukaan sedimen, sebaliknya konsentrasi logam Cu pada lapisan permukaan lebih tinggi dari pada lapisan dasar sedimen.  Namun keseluruhan antropogenik logam berat Pb dan Cu pada lapisan permukaan maupun bawah sedimen tidak ada korelasinya dengan kandungan total bahan organik karbon dan kombinasi antara silt dan clay dalam sedimen di ketiga mura sungai di Semarang.

scholarly journals The presence of some heavy metals in the water, sediments and Sarotherodon galileaus fish in Ilo-Idimu River, Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
I. O. Taiwo ◽  
M. O. Ipinmoroti ◽  
O. A. Olopade ◽  
J. A. Olugbojo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Who Standards

The Ilo-Idimu river is situated in the heavily industrialised Ota Town, Ogun State, Nigeria, with industries empting their wastes or part of their wastes into the river. The community use the water of the river for domestic purposes such as cooking, drinking, bathing and washing. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant heavy metal amongst the four [Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb)] heavy metals tested for in the Ilo-Idimu River. Though, the levels of lead was more in the littoral midstream (Lit B) and benthic upstream and downstream (Bent A and C) 1.60, 1.40 and 1.30 mg/l respectively. The fish samples of Sarotherodon galileaus tested for the four heavy metals showed that lead (Pb) was present only in the gut of the fish. For the other heavy metals the trend are Cu > Zn > Fe in the scale, in the flesh of the fish Cu > Fe > Zn, while Fe > Cu > Zn in the gills and gut of the fish. The levels of the heavy metals tested in the water and fish samples were lower than the WHO standards therefore, there is no immediate threat to the biodiversity of the aquatic species in the river and to the health of the community using the water for various domestic uses.

scholarly journals Long-term Impact of Organic Amendments on the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Mudflat Soil and Their Uptake by Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yu ◽  
Chuanhui Gu ◽  
Yanchao Bai ◽  
Wengang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Term Field

Abstract Organic amendments (OAs) can be a sustainable and effective method for mudflat soil improvement. A long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of OA application to mudflat soil improvement. We measured the pH, soil organic matter (SOM), salinity, maize growth, and heavy metal (HM) accumulation in OA-amended soils and maize tissues 23 months after three OAs, sewage sludge (SS), Chinese medical residue (CMR), and cattle manure (CM), were applied at the application rates of 0, 30, 75, 150, and 300 t ha-1. OA application significantly increased the SOM and decreased the salinity of mudflat soils. Additionally, CMR and CM application decreased soil pH. The maize biomass and HM contents in soil and maize increased after OA application. The bioavailability and bioconcentration of HMs were generally in the sequence of SS>CMR>CM. The average bioavailability ratios of HMs were in the order of Cd>Zn>Cu>Mn>Ni. The bioconcentration of Zn and Cd by maize was highest, followed by Mn, Cu, and Ni. SOM, pH, and salinity were the important factors regulating soil available HMs and, subsequently, HM accumulation in maize. Among the three OAs, SS is most effective in decreasing soil salinity and increasing the SOM, bioavailability and bioconcentration of HMs. On the other hand, CM was the best OA because it promoted significant maize growth yet maintained low HM contamination risk.

Improvement of Antitermitic Activities of Catechin by Combination with Heavy Metals

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Wakako Ohmura ◽  
Seiji Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

Summary Antitermitic activities of catechin-metal complexes were investigated for further utilization of catechin as a termite control agent. Catechin (CA), heavy metal salts (NiCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2) and CA/metal mixtures with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were subjected to bioassays using a subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The astringent properties of each system were assessed by measuring the weight of precipitate with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Changes in UV spectra of the CA/metal mixtures were also measured. CA caused less than 30% mortality after the 21-day test period, and had no BSA-precipitating capacity. The effects of heavy metals on CA activities varied with metal. CA/Ni(II) showed the highest termiticidal activity among tested materials, but exhibited no BSA-precipitating capacity and little change in UV spectrum. On the other hand, both CA/Cu(II) and CA/Zn(II) increased the BSA-precipitating capacity and UV absorption with time after preparing the CA/metal solutions, but their termiticidal activity was almost equal to CA. Termiticidal activity of CA was improved by the addition of Ni(II) but hardly changed by Cu(II) or Zn(II), while astringent properties of CA were hardly changed by addition of Ni(II) but improved by Cu(II) or Zn(II). Termiticidal activity was negatively correlated with astringent property.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Content of Two Red Soils in Samar, Philippines

2011 ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Navarrete ◽  
Victor Asio
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Cd

The study evaluated the total and available heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn) contents of two red soils in Samar, Philippines, one developed from slate near a mining site (Bagacay soil) and the other from serpentinite (Salcedo soil), a well-known source of heavy metals. Soil samples were collected from every horizon in each profile and samples were digested using aqua regia and NH4NO3 to determine total and available heavy metals content, respectively. Results revealed that Salcedo soil had high contents of total Cr (average: 1353 mg kg-1), total Ni (average: 610 mg kg-1), and available Cr (average: 0.19 mg kg-1) that exceeded the maximum allowable contents in agricultural soils but it had low amounts of the available form of the heavy metals. Bagacay soil showed very low contents of both total and available heavy metals due to their low amounts in the parent rock. The red Bagacay soil showed no effect of the nearby mining activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document