scholarly journals Humidity, density, and inlet aspiration efficiency correction improve accuracy of a low-cost sensor during field calibration at a suburban site in the North-Western Indo-Gangetic plain (NW-IGP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-703
Author(s):  
Harshita Pawar ◽  
Baerbel Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Field Calibration ◽  
The North ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Aspiration Efficiency ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain ◽  
North Western ◽  
Suburban Site

Brown carbon in the continental outflow to the North Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Bikkina ◽  
Manmohan Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Outflow ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

In this paper, we synthesize the size distribution and optical properties of the atmospheric water-soluble fraction of light-absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon; BrC) in the continental outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in South Asia to the North Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals Why the Indo-Gangetic Plain is the region with the largest NH<sub>3</sub> column in the globe during summertime?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Zhenying Xu ◽  
Mingxu Liu ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. Satellite observations show a global maximum in ammonia (NH3) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with a peak in summer. However, it has never been explained explicitly. In this study, we investigated the causes of high NH3 loading over the IGP in summer using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to chemistry). IGP has relatively high NH3 emission fluxes (0.4 t km−2 month−1) due to intensive agricultural activities and high air temperature in summer. Additionally, low sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and high air temperature limit the gas-to-particle conversion of NH3, particularly for ammonium nitrate formation. Moreover, the barrier effects of the Himalayas in combination with the surface convergence weaken the horizontal diffusion of NH3. The high NH3 loading over the IGP mainly results from the low gas-to-particle partitioning of NH3 caused by low SO2 and NOx emissions. It contrasts to those in the North China Plain, where high SO2 and NOx emissions promote the conversion of gaseous NH3 into particulate ammonium.

scholarly journals Water Availability and Hydrogeological Condition in the Siwalik Foothill of east Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Hydrogeological Condition ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Gravel Size ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

The Siwalik foothill is bounded between the Siwalik Range in the north and Indo- Gangetic Plain in the south. The Siwalik Range is composed of sedimentary rock, mainly the alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone and conglomerate. The Indo-Gangetic Plain consists of coarse sand, gravel, pebble, cobble and boulders in the northern part (Bhabar zone) that becomes finer (up to gravel size) southwards. Because of porous geology, the Bhabar zone is the potential area for groundwater recharge, but there is a restricted water availability due to deeper water table. A detailed investigation of has been carried out in parts of Chulachuli Village Development Committee of Ilam district, Nepal to assess the hydrogeological condition. The secondary information and primary data collected in the field and interpretation of satellite imageries had been carried out to extract relevant information and update the geological map of the area. The Bhabar zone is characterized by the low availability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes while the Middle Terai is represented by better groundwater potentiality.

scholarly journals Why is the Indo-Gangetic Plain the region with the largest NH<sub>3</sub> column in the globe during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 8727-8736
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Zhenying Xu ◽  
Mingxu Liu ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. Satellite observations show a global maximum in ammonia (NH3) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with a peak from June to August. However, it has never been explained explicitly. In this study, we investigated the causes of high NH3 loading over the IGP during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to chemistry). The IGP has relatively high NH3 emission fluxes (0.4 t km−2 month−1) due to intensive agricultural activities and high air temperature from June to August. Additionally, low sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and high air temperature limit the gas-to-particle conversion of NH3, particularly for ammonium nitrate formation. Moreover, the barrier effects of the Himalayas in combination with the surface convergence weaken the horizontal diffusion of NH3. The high NH3 loading over the IGP mainly results from the low gas-to-particle partitioning of NH3 caused by low SO2 and NOx emissions. It contrasts to those in the North China Plain, where high SO2 and NOx emissions promote the conversion of gaseous NH3 into particulate ammonium.

scholarly journals Geomorphological study of Quaternary tectonics of the Doon Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttranchal, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Patel ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Doon Valley ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Boundary Thrust ◽  
Tear Fault ◽  
Himalayan Tectonics ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

The post-major Himalayan tectonics is distinctly reflected on the present day topography of the Doon Valley. The photogeological characters and field study show that the Doon Valley is bounded by major faults. NE-dipping Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) surrounds it in the north, Mohand Thrust and Bhimgoda Thrust in the south, the Ganga Tear Fault in the east and the Yamuna Tear Fault in the west. Due to ongoing continental convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the valley is tectonically unstable today. Vertical as well as horizontal movements are ongoing processes of the valley. The terraces along river valleys, bending of the river courses, tilting of the piedmonts, shifting of the river courses, overriding of the Lesser Himalayan rocks over the Doon Valley and Siwalik rocks over Indo-Gangetic plain are the consequence of it. Several lineaments, majorly longitudinal and transverse, are tearing up the Doon Valley. Out of them, some have segmented the recent Doon gravels, which reflect the Quaternary tectonics of the Doon valley. The probable cause of the Quaternary tectonics of the Doon Valley might be due to the northward pushing of the Delhi-Haridwar ridge.

scholarly journals Five years surface ozone behaviour in a semi-rural location at Mohal-Kullu in the north-western Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ◽  
Sheetal Choudhary ◽  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Rural Location ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
North Western

Abstract Surface ozone is one of the most important Green House Gases (GHGs). Five years (2011–2015) measurements of surface ozone (O3) and one of its precursors- oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were carried out at a semi-rural location, Mohal (77.12°E, 31.91°N, 1154 m amsl) in the north-western Indian Himalaya. The concentration of O3, NO, NO2 and NOx was measured maximum 74.6 ± 23.2 ppb in 2013, 27.5 ± 7.5 ppb in 2013, 51.8 ± 13.2 ppb in 2013, and 60.8 ± 13.2 ppb in 2012, respectively. Seasonally, O3 concentration was highest during summer while lowest in monsoon. The O3 concentration shows unimodal peak while its precursors show bimodal peaks. A reasonable decrease in percent change was found in terms of O3 (-13), NO2 (-6), and NOx (-3) due to imposing regulations imposed by local government in compliance with the order of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal (NGT) of the country in 2015. However, NO (9) is increasing due to vehicular activities in the nearby area which is one of the famous tourist spots. Washout effect due to increasing rainfall by 8% might have also affected O3 concentrations. Biomass burning for heating and cooking purposes and forest fire for tender livestock forage and transported gaseous pollutants from the Middle East countries and Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) could be major contributors of surface ozone and its precursors. HYSPLIT air-mass back trajectories drawn for external ozone sources showed the maximum air masses reached the study location either with the western desert countries or IGP polluted regions.

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