scholarly journals Geomorphological study of Quaternary tectonics of the Doon Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttranchal, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Patel ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Doon Valley ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Boundary Thrust ◽  
Tear Fault ◽  
Himalayan Tectonics ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

The post-major Himalayan tectonics is distinctly reflected on the present day topography of the Doon Valley. The photogeological characters and field study show that the Doon Valley is bounded by major faults. NE-dipping Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) surrounds it in the north, Mohand Thrust and Bhimgoda Thrust in the south, the Ganga Tear Fault in the east and the Yamuna Tear Fault in the west. Due to ongoing continental convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the valley is tectonically unstable today. Vertical as well as horizontal movements are ongoing processes of the valley. The terraces along river valleys, bending of the river courses, tilting of the piedmonts, shifting of the river courses, overriding of the Lesser Himalayan rocks over the Doon Valley and Siwalik rocks over Indo-Gangetic plain are the consequence of it. Several lineaments, majorly longitudinal and transverse, are tearing up the Doon Valley. Out of them, some have segmented the recent Doon gravels, which reflect the Quaternary tectonics of the Doon valley. The probable cause of the Quaternary tectonics of the Doon Valley might be due to the northward pushing of the Delhi-Haridwar ridge.

A Reinterpretation of the Microlithic Industries of Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 99-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Wales ◽  
River Valleys

The distribution of Mesolithic sites in Wales is controlled to a great extent by the terrain, for physiographically, Wales is a highland block defined on three sides by the sea and for the greater part of the fourth side by a sharp break of slope. Geologically the Principality is composed almost entirely of Palaeozoic rocks, of which the 600-foot contour encloses more than three quarters of the total area. There are extensive regions above 1,500 feet and 2,000 feet and in the north the peaks of Snowdonia and Cader Idris rise to 3,560 feet and 2,929 feet respectively. Indeed North Wales consists of an inhospitable highland massif, skirted by a lowland plateau and cut deeply by river valleys, providing only limited areas for settlement. The hills and mountains of Snowdonia with their extension at lower altitudes into the Lleyn Peninsula, and the ranges of Moelwyn, Manod Mawr, Arenig Fach and Cader Idris, are discouraging obstacles to penetration, save for a short distance along the river valleys. To the east of these peaks are extensive tracts of upland plateau dissected by rivers, bounded on the west by the vale of the river Conway and cleft by the Vale of Clwyd. To the east of this valley lies the Clwydian Range and further again to the east these uplands descend with milder contours to the Cheshire and Shropshire plains.To the south the district merges into the uplands of Central Wales, which are continuous until they are replaced by the lowland belt of South Wales.

Brown carbon in the continental outflow to the North Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Bikkina ◽  
Manmohan Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Outflow ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

In this paper, we synthesize the size distribution and optical properties of the atmospheric water-soluble fraction of light-absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon; BrC) in the continental outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in South Asia to the North Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals Why the Indo-Gangetic Plain is the region with the largest NH<sub>3</sub> column in the globe during summertime?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Zhenying Xu ◽  
Mingxu Liu ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. Satellite observations show a global maximum in ammonia (NH3) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with a peak in summer. However, it has never been explained explicitly. In this study, we investigated the causes of high NH3 loading over the IGP in summer using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to chemistry). IGP has relatively high NH3 emission fluxes (0.4 t km−2 month−1) due to intensive agricultural activities and high air temperature in summer. Additionally, low sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and high air temperature limit the gas-to-particle conversion of NH3, particularly for ammonium nitrate formation. Moreover, the barrier effects of the Himalayas in combination with the surface convergence weaken the horizontal diffusion of NH3. The high NH3 loading over the IGP mainly results from the low gas-to-particle partitioning of NH3 caused by low SO2 and NOx emissions. It contrasts to those in the North China Plain, where high SO2 and NOx emissions promote the conversion of gaseous NH3 into particulate ammonium.

scholarly journals A Balanced Geological Cross-Section along Kohalpur – Surkhet Area of Sub-Himalayan Range, Mid-Western Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kafle ◽  
Lelin Raj Dhungel ◽  
Kamala Kanta Acharya ◽  
Megh Raj Dhital
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Structural Geometry ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Balanced Cross Section ◽  
Main Boundary Thrust ◽  
Geological Cross Section ◽  
Himalayan Belt ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain ◽  
Sketch Map

The Sub-Himalayans Zone comprises a tectonic wedge of syn-orogenic sediments along the outer Himalayan Belt. Sediments are integrated into the accretionary prism from the foreland Indo-Gangetic plain, undergo a tectonic cycle within it, and eventually are eroded. The structural sketch map unveils westward-plunging arcuate structures on the leading location of the Outer Belt. A balanced cross-section has been constructed across the Sub-Himalayan Hills of the Kohalpur-Surkhet region of mid-western Nepal in order to determine the structural geometry of the region and to calculate tectonic shortening. The mid-western Nepal Sub-Himalaya has an emergent splay fan geometry with no major prevailing thrust contains the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), the Bheri Thrust, the Babai Thrust and the Main frontal Thrust (MFT) which are all imbricate of the main decollment which ramp up-section through the 5 km thick tectonic sedimentary prism. North-south shortening across the mid-western Nepal, Kohalpur-Surkhet section has been approximately 29 km, or 55% shortening.

scholarly journals Water Availability and Hydrogeological Condition in the Siwalik Foothill of east Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Hydrogeological Condition ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Gravel Size ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

The Siwalik foothill is bounded between the Siwalik Range in the north and Indo- Gangetic Plain in the south. The Siwalik Range is composed of sedimentary rock, mainly the alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone and conglomerate. The Indo-Gangetic Plain consists of coarse sand, gravel, pebble, cobble and boulders in the northern part (Bhabar zone) that becomes finer (up to gravel size) southwards. Because of porous geology, the Bhabar zone is the potential area for groundwater recharge, but there is a restricted water availability due to deeper water table. A detailed investigation of has been carried out in parts of Chulachuli Village Development Committee of Ilam district, Nepal to assess the hydrogeological condition. The secondary information and primary data collected in the field and interpretation of satellite imageries had been carried out to extract relevant information and update the geological map of the area. The Bhabar zone is characterized by the low availability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes while the Middle Terai is represented by better groundwater potentiality.

The Shaugh Moor Project: First Report

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Wainwright ◽  
A. Fleming ◽  
K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Molten Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Valleys

Viewed from the south Devon littoral with its series of good harbours the dark bulk of Dartmoor is clearly visible across the flat coastal plain. It is the largest of the five granite masses that provide a spine to the south-west English peninsula (Dartmoor, Bodmin Moor, Hensbarrow, Carnmenellis and Penwith) that were formed by the consolidation of molten material. The 500 square kilometres of the Moor form an undulating upland up to 600 m OD on the north-east side, where the greatest elevations occur. In the southern parts of the Moor the rolling tableland is 300 m to 420 m high—modern cultivation tends to cease at the 300 m contour, that is broken by numerous upland valleys and the eroded remains of tors. Today this expanse of moorland is bleak and treeless except in river valleys at the rim of the granite escarpment, although patches of contorted oak woodland survive at Piles' Wood on the River Erme, Wistman's Wood on the West Dart and Black Tor Beare on the West Okement. Pollen analyses have shown, however, that up to a height of about 360 m Dartmoor was probably covered by a deciduous forest dominated by oak that was gradually eroded by climatic trends and human activity (e.g. Simmons, 1969). It is from this central mass that the rivers of south Devon diverge. The wide upland valleys of the Tavy, Plym, Yealm, Erme, Avon and Dart plunge through characteristic deep wooded gorges near the southern granite escarpment into the South Hams and around this border modern settlement—numerous villages and a few towns are situated.

scholarly journals Why is the Indo-Gangetic Plain the region with the largest NH<sub>3</sub> column in the globe during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 8727-8736
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Zhenying Xu ◽  
Mingxu Liu ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. Satellite observations show a global maximum in ammonia (NH3) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), with a peak from June to August. However, it has never been explained explicitly. In this study, we investigated the causes of high NH3 loading over the IGP during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to chemistry). The IGP has relatively high NH3 emission fluxes (0.4 t km−2 month−1) due to intensive agricultural activities and high air temperature from June to August. Additionally, low sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and high air temperature limit the gas-to-particle conversion of NH3, particularly for ammonium nitrate formation. Moreover, the barrier effects of the Himalayas in combination with the surface convergence weaken the horizontal diffusion of NH3. The high NH3 loading over the IGP mainly results from the low gas-to-particle partitioning of NH3 caused by low SO2 and NOx emissions. It contrasts to those in the North China Plain, where high SO2 and NOx emissions promote the conversion of gaseous NH3 into particulate ammonium.

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