Epidemiological study of Newcastle disease in backyard poultry and wild bird populations in Switzerland

Worldwide, wild birds are frequently suspected to be involved in the occurrence of outbreaks in captive-bred birds although proofs are lacking and most of the dedicated studies are insufficiently conclusive to confirm or characterize the roles of wild birds in such outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess and compare, for the most prevalent peridomestic wild birds, the different exposure routes for Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in conservation breeding sites of Houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. To do so, we considered all of the potential pathways by which captive bustards could be exposed to Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by wild birds, and ran a comparative study of the likelihood of exposure via each of the pathways considered. We merged data from an ecological study dedicated to local wild bird communities with an analysis of the contacts between wild birds and captive bustards and with a prevalence survey of AIV and NDV in wild bird populations. We also extracted data from an extensive review of the scientific literature and by the elicitation of expert opinion. Overall, this analysis highlighted that captive bustards had a high risk of being exposed to pathogens by wild birds. This risk was higher for Newcastle disease virus than Avian influenza virus, and House sparrows represented the riskiest species for the transmission of both viruses through indirect exposure from consumption of water contaminated from the faeces of an infectious bird that got inside the aviary. Thus, this analysis reveals that wild peridomestic birds may play a role in the transmission of avian pathogens to captive bred birds. These results also reaffirm the need to implement sanitary measures to limit contacts between wild and captive birds and highlight priority targets for a thoughtful and efficient sanitary management strategy.

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Newcastle disease virus transmission dynamics in wild peridomestic birds in the United Arab Emirates

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79184-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julien Hirschinger ◽

Lucile Marescot ◽

Yves Hingrat ◽

Jean Luc Guerin ◽

Guillaume Le Loc’h ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Serological Test ◽

Infection Status ◽

Disease Dynamics ◽

Bird Populations ◽

Capture Recapture ◽

Event Capture ◽

Epidemiological Parameters

AbstractTo understand the dynamics of a pathogen in an animal population, one must assess how the infection status of individuals changes over time. With wild animals, this can be very challenging because individuals can be difficult to trap and sample, even more so since they are tested with imperfect diagnostic techniques. Multi-event capture-recapture models allow analysing longitudinal capture data of individuals whose infection status is assessed using imperfect tests. In this study, we used a two-year dataset from a longitudinal field study of peridomestic wild bird populations in the United Arab Emirates during which thousands of birds from various species were captured, sampled and tested for Newcastle disease virus exposure using a serological test. We developed a multi-event capture-recapture model to estimate important demographic and epidemiological parameters of the disease. The modelling outputs provided important insights into the understanding of Newcastle disease dynamics in peridomestics birds, which varies according to ecological and epidemiological parameters, and useful information in terms of surveillance strategies. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to model the dynamics of Newcastle disease in wild bird populations by combining longitudinal capture data and serological test results. Overall, it showcased that multi-event capture-recapture models represent a suitable method to analyse imperfect capture data and make reliable inferences on infectious disease dynamics in wild populations.

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Ecology of H3 avian influenza viruses in Korea and assessment of their pathogenic potentials

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.83462-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 949-957 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Min-Suk Song ◽

Taek-Kyu Oh ◽

Ho Jin Moon ◽

Dai-Woon Yoo ◽

Eun Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Interspecies Transmission ◽

Avian Influenza Viruses ◽

Backyard Poultry ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

To determine the genetic origins of novel H3 avian influenza viruses of chickens and ducks in Korea, genetic characterization of H3 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets and migratory aquatic birds in South Korea during 2004–2006 was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that at least four novel genotypes of H3N2 and two genotypes of H3N6 avian influenza viruses were co-circulating in backyard poultry of Korea. The viruses were reassortants between H9N2 viruses of Korean chickens and unknown influenza viruses of migratory birds. Genetic comparison of H3 viruses from live bird markets with those from wild bird isolates revealed that certain gene segments of wild bird isolates are related closely to those of Korean group H9N2 viruses isolated from live poultry markets in 2003. Furthermore, animal-challenge studies demonstrated that the pathogenicity of certain avian H3 influenza viruses was altered due to reassortment, leading to H3 avian influenza viruses in Korea that can potentially expand their host range to include mammals. These studies emphasize the continuing need to monitor backyard poultry at live poultry markets to better understand interspecies transmission and the emergence of novel influenza viruses that have the potential to infect humans.

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Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Backyard Poultry Farms and Live Bird Markets in Kenya

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2018/2368597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irene N. Ogali ◽

Lucy W. Wamuyu ◽

Jacqueline K. Lichoti ◽

Erick O. Mungube ◽

Bernard Agwanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease ◽

Cleavage Site ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Protein Cleavage ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Backyard Poultry ◽

Live Bird Markets ◽

Cross Border ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Live Bird

Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious disease of poultry that causes significant economic losses. Despite rampant ND outbreaks that occur annually in Kenya, the information about the NDV circulating in Kenya is still scarce. We report the first countrywide study of NDV in Kenya. Our study is aimed at evaluating the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses obtained from backyard poultry in farms and live bird markets in different regions of Kenya. We sequenced and analyzed fusion (F) protein gene, including the cleavage site, of the obtained viruses. We aligned and compared study sequences with representative NDV of different genotypes from GenBank. The fusion protein cleavage site of all the study sequences had the motif 112RRQKRFV118 indicating their velogenic nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV from various sites in Kenya was highly similar genetically and that it clustered together with NDV of genotype V. The study samples were 96% similar to previous Ugandan and Kenyan viruses grouped in subgenotype Vd This study points to possible circulation of NDV of similar genetic characteristics between backyard poultry farms and live bird markets in Kenya. The study also suggests the possible spread of velogenic NDV between Kenya and Uganda possibly through cross-border live bird trade. Our study provides baseline information on the genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in the Kenyan poultry population. This highlights the need for the ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird markets and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would otherwise be more difficult to control.

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Immune Status Against Newcastle Disease Virus in Backyard Poultry of Punjab Province, Pakistan

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.1.150.155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Ali Qureshi ◽

Sami Ullah ◽

Muhammad Zubair Latif ◽

Sadia Sarfaraz ◽

Sohail Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Immune Status ◽

Backyard Poultry ◽

Punjab Province

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Unhatched eggs represent the invisible fraction in two wild bird populations

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2019.0763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 20190763 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nicola Hemmings ◽

Simon Evans

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Population Studies ◽

Bird Species ◽

Fertilization Failure ◽

Bird Populations ◽

Life History Data ◽

Evolutionary Inference ◽

The Invisible

Prenatal mortality is typically overlooked in population studies, which biases evolutionary inference by confounding selection and inheritance. Birds represent an opportunity to include this ‘invisible fraction’ if each egg contains a zygote, but whether hatching failure is caused by fertilization failure versus prenatal mortality is largely unknown. We quantified fertilization failure rates in two bird species that are popular systems for studying evolutionary dynamics and found that overwhelming majorities (99.9%) of laid eggs were fertilized. These systems thus present opportunities to eliminate the invisible fraction from life-history data.

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Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Wild-Bird Fecal Material in Children's Playgrounds

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01979-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 779-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Nigel P. French ◽

Anne Midwinter ◽

Barbara Holland ◽

Julie Collins-Emerson ◽

Rebecca Pattison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Fecal Material ◽

Bird Populations ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Garden Birds ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Children Under 5

ABSTRACT In many countries relatively high notification rates of campylobacteriosis are observed in children under 5 years of age. Few studies have considered the role that environmental exposure plays in the epidemiology of these cases. Wild birds inhabit parks and playgrounds and are recognized carriers of Campylobacter, and young children are at greater risk of ingesting infective material due to their frequent hand-mouth contact. We investigated wild-bird fecal contamination in playgrounds in parks in a New Zealand city. A total of 192 samples of fresh and dried fecal material were cultured to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni isolates were also characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the profiles obtained were compared with those of human isolates. C. jejuni was isolated from 12.5% of the samples. MLST identified members of clonal complexes ST-45, ST-682, and ST-177; all of these complexes have been recovered from wild birds in Europe. PFGE of ST-45 isolates resulted in profiles indistinguishable from those of isolated obtained from human cases in New Zealand. Members of the ST-177 and ST-682 complexes have been found in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom, and these birds were common in playgrounds investigated in New Zealand in this study. We suggest that feces from wild birds in playgrounds could contribute to the occurrence of campylobacteriosis in preschool children. Further, the C. jejuni isolates obtained in this study belonged to clonal complexes associated with wild-bird populations in the northern hemisphere and could have been introduced into New Zealand in imported wild garden birds in the 19th century.

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Detection of avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses amongst wild bird populations in Victoria

Australian Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb14650.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (1-2) ◽

pp. 79-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

I PEROULIS ◽

K O'RILEY

Keyword(s):

Wild Bird ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Bird Populations

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Avian influenza surveillance in wild birds using sentinel ducks

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v29i1.1317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Bayarmagnai Davganyam ◽

Nyamsuren Otgontogtokh ◽

Baljidmaa Batmunkh ◽

Davaasuren Nergui ◽

Ariunaa Tserendorj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Wild Bird ◽

Sentinel Surveillance ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Influenza Surveillance ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Bird Populations ◽

Bird Habitat ◽

Insulated Isothermal Pcr ◽

H5n1 Hpai

We conducted active surveillance for avian influenza virus using sentinel ducks in central region of Mongolia (Khunt lake Saikhan soum, Bulgan province) that major wild bird habitat and outbreak site of H5N1 HPAI in wild birds in Mongolia from 2005 to 2011. Total of 39/104 (37,5%) samples were positive by insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) and 42/104 (40,38%) swab samples were positive by real time PCR (qPCR). In addition, AIV antibody detected in 35/104 (33,65%) serum samples tested by AIV NP ELISA kit. These results indicated that sentinel surveillance using domestic birds could be an effective method for avian pathogens including influenza in Mongolia. Enhanced sentinel surveillance in wild bird populations in Mongolia is therefore crucial for the understanding of global AIV transmission and epidemiology. Шувууны томуугийн тандах судалгаанд туршуул шувуу (Sentinel bird) байршуулах арга ашигласан дүнгээс Бид шувууны томуугийн тандах судалгаанд туршуул шувуу байршуулах арга зүйг ашиглах боломжийг судлах зорилгоор урьдчилсан туршилтыг 2019 оны 7-10 сард Булган аймгийн Сайхан сумын Хунт нууранд хийж гүйцэтгэв. Хунт нуур нь олон тооны нүүдлийн усны шувууд зусах болон дайрч өнгөрдөг ач холбогдолтой цэг бөгөөд 2005-2011 онд өндөр хоруу чанартай шувууны томуугийн (HPAI) A/H5N1 дэд хэвшлийн вирус илэрч байсан. Шувуунаас авсан арчдасны зарим дээжийг insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR)-р шинжлэхэд 39/104 (37,5%), дээж эерэг, бүх дээжийг PCR (qPCR)-р шинжлэхэд 42/104 (40,38%) нь дээж эерэг дүн үзүүлсэн. Харин ийлдсэнд шувууны томуугийн эсрэг бием илрүүлэх ELISA-ийн шинжилгээгээр 35/104 (33,65%) дээжинд эсрэг бием илэрсэн. Иймд энэ арга зүйг Монгол орны нөхцөлд тохируулан сайжруулж шувууны томуугийн үүсгэгчийг илрүүлэхэд ашиглах нь уг өвчний эпидемиологийн байдлыг танин мэдэхэд чухал ач холбогдолтой юм. Түлхүүр үг: нугас, вирус, дархлаа, эпидемиологи, тархалт, ПГУ (Полимеразан гинжин урвал)

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