Impact of regional population density on walking behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Tanishita ◽  
Bert van Wee
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

Convergence of regional population density in Russia over 120 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-158
Author(s):  
K. A. Kholodilin ◽  
Y. I. Yanzhimaeva
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Capital City ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

A relative uniformity of population distribution on the territory of the country is of importance from socio-economic and strategic perspectives. It is especially important in the case of Russia with its densely populated West and underpopulated East. This paper considers changes in population density in Russian regions, which occurred between 1897 and 2017. It explores whether there was convergence in population density and what factors influenced it. For this purpose, it uses the data both at county and regional levels, which are brought to common borders for comparability purposes. Further, the models of unconditional and conditional β-convergence are estimated, taking into account the spatial dependence. The paper concludes that the population density equalization took place in 1897-2017 at the county level and in 1926—1970 at the regional level. In addition, the population density increase is shown to be influenced not only by spatial effects, but also by political and geographical factors such as climate, number of GULAG camps, and the distance from the capital city.

scholarly journals Detectability of landscape effects on recolonization increases with regional population density

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 2694-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna‐Sara Liman ◽  
Peter Dalin ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Landscape Effects ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

scholarly journals Climate change as an incentive for future human migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Ken Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

Abstract. Human migration is both motivated and constrained by a multitude of socioeconomic and environmental factors, including climate-related factors. Climatic factors exert an influence on local and regional population density. Here, we examine the implications of future motivation for humans to migrate by analyzing today's relationships between climatic factors and population density, with all other factors held constant. Such “all other factors held constant” analyses are unlikely to make quantitatively accurate predictions, but the order of magnitude and spatial pattern that come out of such an analysis can be useful when considering the influence of climate change on the possible scale and pattern of future incentives to migrate. Our results indicate that, within decades, climate change may provide hundreds of millions of people with additional incentive to migrate, largely from warm tropical and subtropical countries to cooler temperate countries, with India being the country with the greatest number of people with additional incentive to migrate. These climate-driven incentives would be among the broader constellation of incentives that influence migration decisions. Areas with the highest projected population growth rates tend to be areas that are likely to be most adversely affected by climate change.

Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia: the effect of regional population density

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Verdoux ◽  
Noriyoshi Takei ◽  
René Cassou de Saint-Mathurin ◽  
Robin M. Murray ◽  
Marc L. Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density ◽  
Seasonality Of Birth

scholarly journals Climate change as a driver of future human migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Ken Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

Abstract. Human migration is both motivated and constrained by a multitude of socioeconomic and environmental factors, including climate-related factors. Climatic factors exert an influence on local and regional population density. Here, we examine implications for future motivation for humans to migrate by analyzing today’s relationships between climatic factors and population density, with all other factors held constant. Such all other factors held constant analyses are unlikely to make quantitatively accurate predictions but the order-of-magnitude and spatial pattern that come out of such an analysis can be useful for thinking about the influence of climate change on the possible scale and pattern of future incentives to migrate. Our results indicate that, within decades, climate change may provide to hundreds of millions of people additional incentive to migrate, largely from warm tropical and subtropical countries to cooler temperate countries, with India being the country with the greatest number of people with additional incentive to migrate. These climate-driven incentives would be among the broader constellation of incentives that influence migration decisions. Areas with the highest projected population growth rates tend to be areas that are likely to be most adversely affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Everyday Walking Among Older Adults and the Neighborhood Built Environment: A Comparison Between Two Cities in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Herbolsheimer ◽  
Atiya Mahmood ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael ◽  
Habib Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
Walkable Neighborhood ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

A walkable neighborhood becomes particularly important for older adults for whom physical activity and active transportation are critical for healthy aging-in-place. For many older adults, regular walking takes place in the neighborhood and is the primary mode of mobility. This study took place in eight neighborhoods in Metro Portland (USA) and Metro Vancouver (Canada), examining older adults' walking behavior and neighborhood built environmental features. Older adults reported walking for recreation and transport in a cross-sectional telephone survey. Information on physical activity was combined with audits of 355 street segments using the Senior Walking Environmental Audit Tool-Revised (SWEAT-R). Multi-level regression models examined the relationship between built environmental characteristics and walking for transport or recreation. Older adults [N = 434, mean age: 71.6 (SD = 8.1)] walked more for transport in high-density neighborhoods and in Metro Vancouver compared to Metro Portland (M = 12.8 vs. M = 2.2 min/day; p < 0.001). No relationship was found between population density and walking for recreation. Older adults spent more time walking for transport if pedestrian crossing were present (p = 0.037) and if parks or outdoor fitness amenities were available (p = 0.022). The immediate neighborhood built environment supports walking for transport in older adults. Comparing two similar metropolitan areas highlighted that high population density is necessary, yet not a sufficient condition for walking in the neighborhood.

scholarly journals Variation in space and time: a long-term examination of density-dependent dispersal in a woodland rodent

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon T. Denomme-Brown ◽  
Karl Cottenie ◽  
J. Bruce Falls ◽  
E. Ann Falls ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

AbstractDispersal is a fundamental ecological process that can be affected by population density, yet studies report contrasting effects of density on propensity to disperse. Additionally, the relationship between dispersal and density is seldom examined using densities measured at different spatial scales or over extensive time-series. We used 51-years of trapping data to examine how dispersal by wild deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was affected by changes in both local and regional population densities. We examined these patterns over both the entire time-series and also in ten-year shifting windows to determine whether the nature and strength of the relationship changed through time. Probability of dispersal decreased with increased local and regional population density, and the negative effect of local density on dispersal was more pronounced in years with low regional densities. Additionally, the strength of negative density-dependent dispersal changed through time, ranging from very strong in some decades to absent in other periods of the study. Finally, while females were less likely to disperse, female dispersal was more density-dependent than male dispersal. Our study shows that the relationship between density and dispersal is not temporally static and that investigations of density-dependent dispersal should consider both local and regional population densities.

scholarly journals The relationship between anthropogenic dust and population over global semi-arid regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 5159-5169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Guan ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Yanting Zhang ◽  
Yongkun Xie ◽  
Jingjing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Although anthropogenic dust has received more attention from the climate research community, its dominant role in the production process is still not identified. In this study, we analysed the relationship between anthropogenic dust and population density/change over global semi-arid regions and found that semi-arid regions are major source regions in producing anthropogenic dust. The results showed that the relationship between anthropogenic dust and population is more obvious in cropland than in other land cover types (crop mosaics, grassland, and urbanized regions) and that the production of anthropogenic dust increases as the population density grows to more than 90 persons km−2. Four selected semi-arid regions, namely East China, India, North America, and North Africa, were used to explore the relationship between anthropogenic dust production and regional population. The most significant relationship between anthropogenic dust and population occurred in an Indian semi-arid region that had a greater portion of cropland, and the high peak of anthropogenic dust probability appeared with 220 persons km−2 of population density and 60 persons km−2 of population change. These results suggest that the influence of population on production of anthropogenic dust in semi-arid regions is obvious in cropland regions. However, the impact does not always have a positive contribution to the production of anthropogenic dust, and overly excessive population will suppress the increase of anthropogenic dust. Moreover, radiative and climate effects of increasing anthropogenic dust need more investigation.

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