scholarly journals Climate change as an incentive for future human migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Ken Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

Abstract. Human migration is both motivated and constrained by a multitude of socioeconomic and environmental factors, including climate-related factors. Climatic factors exert an influence on local and regional population density. Here, we examine the implications of future motivation for humans to migrate by analyzing today's relationships between climatic factors and population density, with all other factors held constant. Such “all other factors held constant” analyses are unlikely to make quantitatively accurate predictions, but the order of magnitude and spatial pattern that come out of such an analysis can be useful when considering the influence of climate change on the possible scale and pattern of future incentives to migrate. Our results indicate that, within decades, climate change may provide hundreds of millions of people with additional incentive to migrate, largely from warm tropical and subtropical countries to cooler temperate countries, with India being the country with the greatest number of people with additional incentive to migrate. These climate-driven incentives would be among the broader constellation of incentives that influence migration decisions. Areas with the highest projected population growth rates tend to be areas that are likely to be most adversely affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Climate change as a driver of future human migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Ken Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

Abstract. Human migration is both motivated and constrained by a multitude of socioeconomic and environmental factors, including climate-related factors. Climatic factors exert an influence on local and regional population density. Here, we examine implications for future motivation for humans to migrate by analyzing today’s relationships between climatic factors and population density, with all other factors held constant. Such all other factors held constant analyses are unlikely to make quantitatively accurate predictions but the order-of-magnitude and spatial pattern that come out of such an analysis can be useful for thinking about the influence of climate change on the possible scale and pattern of future incentives to migrate. Our results indicate that, within decades, climate change may provide to hundreds of millions of people additional incentive to migrate, largely from warm tropical and subtropical countries to cooler temperate countries, with India being the country with the greatest number of people with additional incentive to migrate. These climate-driven incentives would be among the broader constellation of incentives that influence migration decisions. Areas with the highest projected population growth rates tend to be areas that are likely to be most adversely affected by climate change.

Convergence of regional population density in Russia over 120 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-158
Author(s):  
K. A. Kholodilin ◽  
Y. I. Yanzhimaeva
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Capital City ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

A relative uniformity of population distribution on the territory of the country is of importance from socio-economic and strategic perspectives. It is especially important in the case of Russia with its densely populated West and underpopulated East. This paper considers changes in population density in Russian regions, which occurred between 1897 and 2017. It explores whether there was convergence in population density and what factors influenced it. For this purpose, it uses the data both at county and regional levels, which are brought to common borders for comparability purposes. Further, the models of unconditional and conditional β-convergence are estimated, taking into account the spatial dependence. The paper concludes that the population density equalization took place in 1897-2017 at the county level and in 1926—1970 at the regional level. In addition, the population density increase is shown to be influenced not only by spatial effects, but also by political and geographical factors such as climate, number of GULAG camps, and the distance from the capital city.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors on Tigriopus fulvus, Fischer 1860, a Mediterranean harpacticoid copepod

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Bonello ◽  
Cristiano Angelini ◽  
Luigi Pane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Extinction Event

Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860) is a benthic harpacticoid copepod of the Mediterranean supralittoral zone. The transitional characteristics of this environment forced this species to develop high resistance to changes of environmental parameters. Nevertheless, Tigriopus fulvus life-cycle is influenced from the splashpools physical-chemical parameters. In this paper, we present the results of a supralittoral monitoring performed in 2014, confirming the influence of some of these environmental parameters on population buildups. Because of recent worldwide climate change effects, a threat might have been posed on this particularly exposed organism, whose population density decreased of a sixfold value in the last 30 years. During the three pools (A, B, C) monitoring, the maximum copepod density recorded was 1456 Ind/l (September 2014, Pool C), alongside first records of extinction event for Tigriopus fulvus.

scholarly journals Enviromental factors as the elements determing the development of floating homes

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Emilia MISZEWSKA ◽  
Maciej NIEDOSTATKIEWICZ ◽  
Radosław WIŚNIEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of Floating Homes in Western Europe and North America is noticeable. The interest in these facilities in Poland is also constantly growing. The popularity of Floating Homes is due to climate change, rising land prices and population density in city centers. However, environmental factors play a significant role in their development. The publication presents the results of research on the impact of environmental factors on the development of Floating Homes in Poland. As part of the research, the most important environmental factors were identified and then, using the State of the Surroundings Scenarios (SSS) method, an initial scenario of their development was developed. The most probable scenario was developed, the purpose of which was to identify the most favorable factors - strengths and unfavorable factors - weaknesses responsible for the development opportunities of Floating Homes in Poland. Additionally, a surprise scenario was prepared, which indicated factors that may unexpectedly accelerate the development of Floating Homes in Poland or slow it down.

scholarly journals Detectability of landscape effects on recolonization increases with regional population density

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 2694-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna‐Sara Liman ◽  
Peter Dalin ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Landscape Effects ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

scholarly journals Facing Climate Change: What Drives Internal Migration Decisions in the Karst Rocky Regions of Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Shi ◽  
Qiulong LYU ◽  
Ziheng Shangguan ◽  
Tianhe Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Development Levels

Global climate change and its influence on human migration have caused heated debates. There is no consensus about the role of environmental change in shaping migration decisions. To amass more evidence and develop a deeper understanding of the relations between the environment and migration, this paper seeks to evaluate the importance of various drivers (economic, social, political, demographic, and environmental drivers) and determine the internal mechanism in the decision process. The Likert scale was used as the tool for measuring each respondent’s perception of the drivers, and the within-group interrater agreement index was used to express the survey data and to select the actual driving forces. As a result, economic, social, and political factors were strong forces that promoted migration directly, while demographic and environmental factors were moderate or weak forces that promoted migration indirectly. The migrants’ core consideration was to effectively reduce family risks and sustain their livelihoods by moving to a destination to improve their household income, keep their original social networks, and obtain housing allowances from the local government. Land degradation and meteorological disasters were rooted in the vulnerability and risks of a family, and these factors indirectly influenced the people’s decisions by affecting the socioeconomic drivers. We concluded that isolating the environmental drivers from other drivers underlying migration decisions is difficult. Additionally, the internal mechanism indicated that both environmental and non-environmental factors all have an impact on choice in different ways. Future policies should be aimed at increasing sustainable livelihoods and the social resilience of migrant families at a personal level, balancing the development levels of the original locations and destinations, and strengthening international cooperation to reduce the negative effects of climate change at the regional level.

Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia: the effect of regional population density

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Verdoux ◽  
Noriyoshi Takei ◽  
René Cassou de Saint-Mathurin ◽  
Robin M. Murray ◽  
Marc L. Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density ◽  
Seasonality Of Birth

scholarly journals Acceleration of plague outbreaks in the second pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (44) ◽  
pp. 27703-27711 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. D. Earn ◽  
Junling Ma ◽  
Hendrik Poinar ◽  
Jonathan Dushoff ◽  
Benjamin M. Bolker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Historical records reveal the temporal patterns of a sequence of plague epidemics in London, United Kingdom, from the 14th to 17th centuries. Analysis of these records shows that later epidemics spread significantly faster (“accelerated”). Between the Black Death of 1348 and the later epidemics that culminated with the Great Plague of 1665, we estimate that the epidemic growth rate increased fourfold. Currently available data do not provide enough information to infer the mode of plague transmission in any given epidemic; nevertheless, order-of-magnitude estimates of epidemic parameters suggest that the observed slow growth rates in the 14th century are inconsistent with direct (pneumonic) transmission. We discuss the potential roles of demographic and ecological factors, such as climate change or human or rat population density, in driving the observed acceleration.

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