The daily force pattern of spinal orthoses in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lou ◽  
J. V. Raso ◽  
D. L. Hill ◽  
N. G. Durdle ◽  
J. K. Mahood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Spinal Orthoses ◽  
Orthotic Treatment

The efficacy of orthotic treatment for children with abnormal spinal curvature has been hampered by the lack of comprehensive information about wear characteristics. A battery-powered microcomputer system was developed to monitor loads exerted by orthoses used to treat children with spinal deformities during daily living. The system not only records how well the orthosis has been used, but also helps to ensure that the orthosis is being worn as prescribed. Data acquisition is controlled by a microcontroller and can be programmed to have sample intervals ranging from 1 second to 1 hour. Low power control circuitry is designed so that the system can be operated by a battery. In a preliminary study, 16 subjects (3M, 13F) used this system from 1 to 16 days (9.3±5.0) with the prescribed hours between 16 to 23 hours (22.3±1.3). This study demonstrated the feasibility of the approach, and that this device may increase the understanding of orthotic mechanics, and may help patients to wear their orthoses in a better way.

Effectiveness and biomechanics of spinal orthoses in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Wong ◽  
A. F. T. Mak ◽  
K. D. K. Luk ◽  
J. H. Evans ◽  
B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Cobb’S Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spinal Orthoses ◽  
Orthotic Treatment

In this prospective study, the effectiveness and biomechanical factors of spinal orthoses in the treatment of moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients were investigated. In the first 20 months of orthotic treatment, the values of standing AP Cobb's angle, apical vertebral rotation, lumbar lordosis as well as thoracic kyphosis showed significant reduction (P<0.05), however, the angle of trunk inclination and trunk listing did not. The values of those reducible parameters reached their lowest values within the first 12 months of orthotic treatment and then the values gradually increased but they were still below the prebrace values. The mean pressure of The pressure pads was found to be 7.09±1.77kPa (53.2±13.3mmHg) while the mean tension of the straps was 26.8±5.2N. The standing AP Cobb's angle strongly correlated with the pad pressure (correlation coefficient=0.931, p<0.05) and strap tension (correlation coefficient=0.914, p<0.05). The strap tension and pad pressure strongly correlated and the correlation coefficient was 0.873 (p<0.05). This suggests that in the consideration of biomechanical function of spinal orthoses, the focus may be upon how tightly the orthosis was fastened and if the location and direction of the pressure pads are correct. Therefore, for enhancing the effectiveness of orthotic treatment, an independent standard tension should be set in each strap, and regular and close monitoring is needed.

scholarly journals T1-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow pattern in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a preliminary study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Shiran ◽  
L. Shabtai ◽  
L. Ben-Sira ◽  
D. Ovadia ◽  
S. Wientroub
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Lenke Classification ◽  
Adjacent Disc ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Mri Study

Purpose Distinct normal physiological patterns of fat conversion in vertebrae were described both for children and adults. Our aim was to evaluate the T1-weighted bone marrow pattern of the vertebral bodies in various sites along the scoliotic spine of children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods We retrospectively evaluated spine MRI studies of children with AIS. Scoliosis radiographs were assessed for type of curvature according to the Lenke classification. A paediatric neuroradiologist assessed the T1-weighted signal of vertebral bodies in comparison with the adjacent disc and distinct patterns of fatty conversion within the apical and stable vertebral bodies. Statistical assessment was performed. Results MRI study of the spines of 75 children with AIS were assessed, 59 (79%) of whom were female, with an age range of nine to 19 years. The relative overall T1-weighted signal intensity of the vertebral body bone marrow relative to the intervertebral disc was hyperintense in 76% and isointense in 24%. Fatty conversion grade of the stable vertebra was higher than the apex vertebra (p = 0.0001). A significant tendency to have more advanced fat conversion patterns in the apex vertebra up to age 13.5 years old compared with adolescents above that (p = 0.015) was seen. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests a different pattern of bone marrow conversion in AIS from the normal physiologic pattern described in the literature. Whether these changes are secondary to the biomechanics of the curved spine or may suggest that bone marrow maturation rate and content have a role in the pathogenesis of AIS remains to be further researched. Level of Evidence Level III (Diagnostic Study)

Observer Variation in Assessing Spinal Curvature and Skeletal Development in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Spine ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK S. GOLDBERG ◽  
BENOIT POITRAS ◽  
NANCY E. MAYO ◽  
HUBERT LABELLE ◽  
RICHARD BOURASSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
Spinal Curvature

Impact of Scoliosis Severity on Functional Capacity in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna M.A. Saraiva ◽  
Geferson S. Araujo ◽  
Evandro F. Sperandio ◽  
Alberto O. Gotfryd ◽  
Victor Z. Dourado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walk Test

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the walked distance and physiological responses during incremental shuttle walk test in patients with different degrees of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods: We evaluated 20 healthy teenagers and 46 patients with AIS; they were divided into 2 groups: AIS > 45° and AIS < 45°. The volunteers performed an incremental shuttle walk test, and the following physiological responses were quantified: oxygen consumption, tidal volume, ventilation, and the incremental shuttle walked distance. Respiratory muscle strength was quantified, pulmonary function test was performed, and the forced vital capacity and expiratory volume in the first second were obtained. Results: Patients with AIS > 45° presented significant reduced incremental shuttle walked distance compared with the AIS < 45° and control group [447 (85), 487 (95), and 603 (85), respectively]. Patients with AIS also showed reduced forced vital capacity (P = .001) and expiratory volume in the first second (P = .005) compared with control group. Moderate correlations between forced vital capacity (r = −.506) and tidal volume (r = −.476) with scoliosis angles were found. Conclusions: The incremental shuttle walk test was capable of identifying reduced functional capacity in patients with different degrees of AIS. Moreover, the severity of spinal curvature may exert influence on ventilatory and metabolic variables.

scholarly journals Cross-validation of ultrasound imaging in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven de Reuver ◽  
Rob C. Brink ◽  
Timothy T. Y. Lee ◽  
Yong-Ping Zheng ◽  
Frederik J. A. Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Spinal Ultrasound

Abstract Purpose Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients are exposed to 9–10 times more radiation and a fivefold increased lifetime cancer risk. Radiation-free imaging alternatives are needed. Ultrasound imaging of spinal curvature was shown to be accurate, however, systematically underestimating the Cobb angle. The purpose of this study is to create and cross-validate an equation that calculates the expected Cobb angle using ultrasound spinal measurements of AIS patients. Methods Seventy AIS patients with upright radiography and spinal ultrasound were split randomly in a 4:1 ratio to the equation creation (n = 54) or validation (n = 16) group. Ultrasound angles based on the spinous processes shadows were measured automatically by the ultrasound system (Scolioscan, Telefield, Hong Kong). For thoracic and lumbar curves separately, the equation: expected Cobb angle = regression coefficient × ultrasound angle, was created and subsequently cross-validated in the validation group. Results Linear regression analysis between ultrasound angles and radiographic Cobb angles (thoracic: R2 = 0.968, lumbar: R2 = 0.923, p < 0.001) in the creation group resulted in the equations: thoracic Cobb angle = 1.43 × ultrasound angle and lumbar Cobb angle = 1.23 × ultrasound angle. With these equations, expected Cobb angles in the validation group were calculated and showed an excellent correlation with the radiographic Cobb angles (thoracic: R2 = 0.959, lumbar: R2 = 0.936, p < 0.001). The mean absolute differences were 6.5°–7.3°. Bland–Altman plots showed good accuracy and no proportional bias. Conclusion The equations from ultrasound measurements to Cobb angles were valid and accurate. This supports the implementation of ultrasound imaging, possibly leading to less frequent radiography and reducing ionizing radiation in AIS patients.

scholarly journals Automatic Vertebrae Localization and Spine Centerline Extraction in Radiographs of Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunarajulu Renganathan ◽  
Navin Manaswi ◽  
Ionuţ Ghionea ◽  
Sasa Cukovic
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Spinal Alignment ◽  
Centerline Extraction ◽  
Correction Strategies

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is lifetime disorder indicated by the abnormal spinal curvature, and it is usually detected in children and adolescents. Traditional radiographic assessment of scoliosis is time-consuming and unreliable due to high variability in images and manual interpretation. Vertebrae localization and centerline extraction from a biplanar X-ray is essential for pathological diagnosis, treatment planning, and decision making. The aim of this paper is to develop a fully automated framework to provide correct evaluation of anatomical landmarks and to extract vertebral and intervertebral discs’ centroids. By knowing coordinates of each centroid, developed framework will estimate 2D deformity curve (centerline) called Middle Spinal Alignment (MSA) in frontal plane. By analyzing the MSA lines and deformity segments, many deformity parameters can be calculated which include vertebral transpositions, Cobb angles, apex vertebra position, etc., for planning spinal correction strategies and monitoring.

scholarly journals A comparison of foot posture and walking performance in patients with mild, moderate, and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251592
Author(s):  
Feilong Zhu ◽  
Qianqin Hong ◽  
Xiaoqi Guo ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Scoliosis ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Walking Performance

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis. However, the underlying mechanisms linking spinal curvature in AIS to foot characteristics and walking performance remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to compare walking performance between adolescents with mild, moderate, and severe scoliosis and matched healthy peers with foot posture as covariates. Methods This cross-sectional study of 96 adolescents was conducted between April 2020 to October 2020 in China, with 32 healthy peers in the control group and 64 patients in the AIS group. Foot posture and morphology, plantar pressure distribution, and gait characteristics were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and a post hoc comparison of the mean differences between the different groups was performed. Multiple analyses of covariance adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), and walking speed were performed. Results Of the 64 adolescents with scoliosis, 18 had mild AIS, 32 had moderate AIS, and 14 had severe AIS. The AI and FPI were much higher in the moderate and severe AIS groups (p = 0.018) and the severe AIS group (p<0.001), respectively, than in the control group. The severe AIS group had advanced and longer midstance (p = 0.014) and delayed propulsion phase (p = 0.013) than the control group. Patients with moderate and severe AIS had asymmetrical gait periods in the left and right limbs (p<0.05). Significant differences in the center-of-pressure excursion index (CPEI) were found between the moderate and severe AIS and control groups (p = 0.003). Conclusion Moderate and severe AIS significantly influenced walking performance; however, no significant differences were observed between adolescents with mild AIS and healthy controls. Thus, early intervention could target the prevention of specific functional deficits and prevent it from progressing to a severe state.

scholarly journals Correlation between quantity and quality of orthosis wear and treatment outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lou ◽  
J. V. Raso ◽  
D. L. Hill ◽  
J. K. Mahood ◽  
M. J. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Brace Treatment ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment ◽  
Orthotic Treatment

Orthotic treatment is the most commonly used non-surgical treatment method for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study determined whether treatment outcome correlates with how often and how well children with AIS wear their orthoses. Eighteen (18) subjects (3M, 15F) who were diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis and had wom their orthoses from 6 months up to 1 year participated in this study. All subjects were prescribed Boston braces to be wom full time (23hrs/day). Twelve (12) subjects who completed their brace treatment were included in the data analysis. Three (3) treatment outcomes were classified as improvement, no change and deterioration. The quality of the brace wear was assessed by how often the brace was wom with zero force, below 80%, between 80 to 120%, and above 120% of the load level prescribed in the clinic. The quantity of brace wear was determined by how many hours per day they wore their brace. Subjects who wear their braces tighter and for more hours per day seem to have better outcomes.

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