65 Years Long-term Experiments at Thyrow. Results for Sustainable Crop Production at Sandy Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ellmer ◽  
Michael Baumecker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Long Term Experiments

Distinct rhizomicrobiota assemblages and plant performance in lettuce grown in soils with different agricultural management histories

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Babin ◽  
Loreen Sommermann ◽  
Soumitra Paul Chowdhury ◽  
Jan H Behr ◽  
Martin Sandmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

ABSTRACT A better understanding of factors shaping the rhizosphere microbiota is important for sustainable crop production. We hypothesized that the effect of agricultural management on the soil microbiota is reflected in the assemblage of the rhizosphere microbiota with implications for plant performance. We designed a growth chamber experiment growing the model plant lettuce under controlled conditions in soils of a long-term field experiment with contrasting histories of tillage (mouldboard plough vs cultivator tillage), fertilization intensity (intensive standard nitrogen (N) + pesticides/growth regulators vs extensive reduced N without fungicides/growth regulators), and last standing field crop (rapeseed vs winter wheat). High-throughput sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 regions amplified from total community DNA showed that these factors shaped the soil and rhizosphere microbiota of lettuce, however, to different extents among the microbial domains. Pseudomonas and Olpidium were identified as major indicators for agricultural management in the rhizosphere of lettuce. Long-term extensive fertilization history of soils resulted in higher lettuce growth and increased expression of genes involved in plant stress responses compared to intensive fertilization. Our work adds to the increasing knowledge on how soil microbiota can be manipulated by agricultural management practices which could be harnessed for sustainable crop production.

Crop production research in multifunctional agriculture

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Set Up

The research agenda for crop science in the 21st century will depend largely on whether the present conditions regarding the global food surplus continue, or whether a food scarcity recurs. Crop production research is based chiefly on small-plot field experiments, the majority of which are either long-term experiments or experiments set up to investigate the specific agronomic responses of Martonvásár maize hybrids and wheat varieties. The sustainability of crop production is examined in long-term experiments. The agronomic responses of maize hybrids and wheat varieties are studied at various levels of biological organisation. Growth analysis facilitates the exact characterisation of agronomic responses and the grouping of response effects and types using multivariable methods. Continued experimentation coupled with crop simulation models and decision support systems are an ever more useful framework for analysing the complexity of agricultural systems.

Significance of the 50-year-old long-term experiments in Martonvásár in improving crop production

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Set Up

Long-term experiments are indispensable for investigations on the long-term effects of various crop production methods and technologies. The long-term experiments set up in Martonvásár by Béla Győrffy are now 50 years old and can be considered as part of the national heritage. The most important of these experiments involve crop rotation vs. monoculture trials, the comparison of fertilisation systems, studies on the interactions and carry-over effects of organic and mineral fertilisers, fertiliser rate experiments and polyfactorial experiments. The long-term experiments in Martonvásár form an integral part of maize and wheat research and provide a place for testing the agronomic responses of maize hybrids and wheat varieties. Valuable scientific results are obtained from these experiments regarding the reasons for yield depression in monocultures, the yieldincreasing effect of crop rotations, the comparative benefits of organic and mineral fertilisation, the agronomic responses of genotypes, the sustainability and yield stability of crop production techniques, and the interaction between various crop production factors. These results promote the improvement of maize and wheat production and are regularly incorporated into recommendation systems. The present generation of scientists has a responsibility to maintain these experiments, so that they can continue to serve their purpose in the coming decades.

Low stabilization of aboveground crop residue carbon in sandy soils of Swedish long-term experiments

Geoderma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 237-238 ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Poeplau ◽  
Thomas Kätterer ◽  
Martin A. Bolinder ◽  
Gunnar Börjesson ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Long Term Experiments

scholarly journals Microbes as Biofertilizers, a Potential Approach for Sustainable Crop Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Shaista Nosheen ◽  
Iqra Ajmal ◽  
Yuanda Song
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Good Substitute

Continuous decline of earth’s natural resources and increased use of hazardous chemical fertilizers pose a great concern for the future of agriculture. Biofertilizers are a promising alternative to hazardous chemical fertilizers and are gaining importance for attaining sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers play a key role in increasing crop yield and maintaining long-term soil fertility, which is essential for meeting global food demand. Microbes can interact with the crop plants and enhance their immunity, growth, and development. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and silica are the essential nutrients required for the proper growth of crops, but these nutrients are naturally present in insolubilized or complex forms. Certain microorganisms render them soluble and make them available to the plants. The potential microbes, their mode of action, along with their effect on crops, are discussed in this review. Biofertilizers, being cost effective, non-toxic, and eco-friendly, serve as a good substitute for expensive and harmful chemical fertilizers. The knowledge gained from this review can help us to understand the importance of microbes in agriculture and the ways to formulate these microbes as biofertilizers for sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals Baking quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the long-term experiments on chernozem soil

2010 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Long Term Experiments

Agriculture has traditionally an important role in Hungarian economy and rural development. About 75 % of Hungary’s total territoryis under agricultural land use. Because of ecological conditions and production traditions cereals (wheat, maize etc) have the greatestimportance in Hungarian crop production. In the 1980’s the country-average yields of wheat were about 5,0-5,5 t ha-1 („industrial-like”crop production-model). In the 1990’s the yields of wheat dropped to 4,0 t ha-1 because of low input-using and wide application of the issuesof environmental protection and sustainability. Winter wheat production for quality has a decisive role in certain regions of Hungary(eastern and middle-parts).The quality of wheat is complex and different. Three major growing factor groups determine the quality of winter wheat: genotype,agroecological conditions and agrotechnical factors. In wheat production for quality the selection of the variety is the most importantelement. Our long-term experiments proved that the quality traits of a variety means the highest (maximum) limit of quality which could notbe exceeded in fact. During the vegetation period of wheat the different ecological and agrotechnical factors could help or on the contrarycould demage the quality parameters of wheat.The agrotechnical factors determining the baking quality of wheat can be divided into two groups: the first group means the factors withdirect effects on quality (fertilization, irrigation, harvest); the second group contains the elements with indirect effects on quality (croprotation, tillage, planting, crop protection).Appropriate fertilization could help to manifest the maximum of quality parameters of a wheat genotype and could reduce the qualityfluctuationin unfavourable ecological and agrotechnical conditions.

Impact of long-term trials on crop production research and education

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jolánkai ◽  
F. Nyárai ◽  
K. Kassai
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Ecological Models ◽  
Dynamic Databases ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Research And Education

Long-term trials have a twofold role in life sciences, acting as both live laboratories and public collections. Long-term trials are not simply scientific curios or the honoured relics of a museum, but highly valuable live ecological models that can never be replaced or restarted if once terminated or suspended. These trials provide valuable and dynamic databases for solving scientific problems. The present paper is intended to give a brief summary of the crop production aspects of long-term trials.

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