scholarly journals Microbes as Biofertilizers, a Potential Approach for Sustainable Crop Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Shaista Nosheen ◽  
Iqra Ajmal ◽  
Yuanda Song
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Good Substitute

Continuous decline of earth’s natural resources and increased use of hazardous chemical fertilizers pose a great concern for the future of agriculture. Biofertilizers are a promising alternative to hazardous chemical fertilizers and are gaining importance for attaining sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers play a key role in increasing crop yield and maintaining long-term soil fertility, which is essential for meeting global food demand. Microbes can interact with the crop plants and enhance their immunity, growth, and development. Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and silica are the essential nutrients required for the proper growth of crops, but these nutrients are naturally present in insolubilized or complex forms. Certain microorganisms render them soluble and make them available to the plants. The potential microbes, their mode of action, along with their effect on crops, are discussed in this review. Biofertilizers, being cost effective, non-toxic, and eco-friendly, serve as a good substitute for expensive and harmful chemical fertilizers. The knowledge gained from this review can help us to understand the importance of microbes in agriculture and the ways to formulate these microbes as biofertilizers for sustainable crop production.

Distinct rhizomicrobiota assemblages and plant performance in lettuce grown in soils with different agricultural management histories

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Babin ◽  
Loreen Sommermann ◽  
Soumitra Paul Chowdhury ◽  
Jan H Behr ◽  
Martin Sandmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

ABSTRACT A better understanding of factors shaping the rhizosphere microbiota is important for sustainable crop production. We hypothesized that the effect of agricultural management on the soil microbiota is reflected in the assemblage of the rhizosphere microbiota with implications for plant performance. We designed a growth chamber experiment growing the model plant lettuce under controlled conditions in soils of a long-term field experiment with contrasting histories of tillage (mouldboard plough vs cultivator tillage), fertilization intensity (intensive standard nitrogen (N) + pesticides/growth regulators vs extensive reduced N without fungicides/growth regulators), and last standing field crop (rapeseed vs winter wheat). High-throughput sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 regions amplified from total community DNA showed that these factors shaped the soil and rhizosphere microbiota of lettuce, however, to different extents among the microbial domains. Pseudomonas and Olpidium were identified as major indicators for agricultural management in the rhizosphere of lettuce. Long-term extensive fertilization history of soils resulted in higher lettuce growth and increased expression of genes involved in plant stress responses compared to intensive fertilization. Our work adds to the increasing knowledge on how soil microbiota can be manipulated by agricultural management practices which could be harnessed for sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals Biological Approaches for Control of Root Pathogens of Strawberry

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Martin ◽  
C. T. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Production Problems

Soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. In California, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from Verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, or Cylindrocarpon spp. In addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and reduces weed pressure. The development of successful, long-term cost effective biocontrol strategies most likely will require the development of an integrated systems approach that incorporates diverse aspects of the crop production system. Although application of single microbial inoculants may provide some level of control for specific production problems, it will be a challenge to provide the broad spectrum of activity needed in production fields.

Performance/Economics Comparison of Sensible and Thermochemical Energy Transport Systems for Solar Thermal Dish Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Point Of Use

A major challenge facing the development of distributed receiver solar systems is the efficient transport of high temperature thermal energy from the collectors to the point of use. As receiver temperatures increase, conventional sensible (SEN) energy transport methods become less attractive because of increased heat losses and insulation costs. A promising alternative that is particularly attractive for the high temperatures characteristic of paraboloidal dishes and the extensive piping associated with large collector fields is the concept of themochemical (TC) energy transport. Estimates of the performance and economics of 4 SEN and 2 TC transport systems for a dish collector field are compared at 4 delivery temperatures ranging from 400 to 815° C. On the basis of levelized energy cost (LEC), there is no clear choice between SEN and TC energy transport at 400°C. At higher output temperatures, TC transport is more cost-effective and is the only viable choice at temperatures above ∼700° C. The TC system based on the carbon-dioxide reforming of methane has the best performance and lowest costs at temperatures >400°C and appears closest to meeting the DOE Solar Thermal Technology (STT) Program long-term IPH goal of 3¢/kWhth (9$/MBtuth) LEC.

scholarly journals Conjugation of Biofertilizers with Different Sources of Chemical Fertilizers in Wheat: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Sukhdeep Kaur Brar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Different Sources

Plants nutrients are necessary in increasing production and productivity of crops and healthy food for the world’s ever increasing population. Today, soil management strategies are mainly dependent on inorganic chemical-based fertilizers, which cause a serious threat to human health and the environment. Bio-fertilizer has been identified as an alternative for increasing soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. The exploitation of beneficial microbes as bio-fertilizers has become of paramount importance in agricultural sector due to their potential role in food safety and sustainable crop production. Bio-fertilizer can be an important component of integrated nutrients management. Microorganisms that are commonly used as bio-fertilizer components include; nitrogen fixers (N-fixer), potassium and phosphorus solubilizers, growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), endo and ecto mycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria and other useful microscopic organisms. The use of bio-fertilizers leads to improved nutrients and water uptake, plant growth and plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors. In wheat, non-symbiotic spp. like Azotobacter and streptomyces may be used as a potential source of plant growth promoter and also can reduce chemical fertilizer up to 25% with compromising yield. Thus, these potential biological fertilizers would play a key role in productivity and sustainability of soil and also in protecting the environment as eco-friendly and cost effective inputs for the farmers. This review will overview the importance of biofertilizers with different sources of chemical fertilizers in wheat.

scholarly journals Bio-fertilizers: Demand of modern time and safe future

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Rani Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Daunting Challenge ◽  
Agriculture Systems

In modern agriculture, owing to heavy usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on the crops, sustainability of the agriculture systems collapsed and cost of cultivation soared at a high rate. Income of farmers stagnated and food security became a daunting challenge. Indiscriminate and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers, especially urea, along with chemical pesticides and unavailability of organic manures has led to considerable reduction in soil health. Now a day, bio fertilizers have emerged as a highly potent alternative to chemical fertilizers due to their eco-friendly, easy to apply, non-toxic and cost effective nature. They also make nutrients that are naturally abundant in soil or atmosphere, usable for plants and act as supplements to agrochemicals. Bio-fertilizers1 being essential components of organic farming play vital role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability by fixing atmospheric dinitrogen (N=N), mobilizing fixed macro and micro nutrients or convert insoluble Phosphorous in the soil into available forms to plants, there by increases their efficiency and availability.

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF BIO-FERTILIZERS TO THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF CEREAL CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak P. Gite ◽  
Prakash A. Gite ◽  
Mayur S. Darvhankar ◽  
Mayur S. Darvhankar ◽  
Mayur S. Darvhankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

The land is a limited resource. Due to the increase in population; it is necessary to increase crop yield from the viewpoint of food security. The sole use of inorganic fertilizers may create an imbalance in soil health by the reduction in crop yield. For sustainable crop production, it is necessary to balance the soil health using organics and bio-fertilizers along with the optimum use of chemical fertilizers. Bio-fertilizers are important in the nutrient management of crops because of their role in nutrient supply leading to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. The use of Bio-fertilizers is a cost-effective and eco-friendly technology in crop production which is gaining importance in crop production the commonly used biofertilizers are azotobactor, azosprillium, PSB, VAM fungi.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Jhum Crop under the Slush-mulch Condition for Sustainable Crop Production in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (Chts) of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Md. Zonayet ◽  
◽  
Alok Kumar Paul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer on the growth and yield of jhum crop under the Slush-mulch condition for sustainable crop production in Chittagong hill tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. The experiments were conducted during March 2015 to February 2016 at Bandarban in Chittagong under the AEZ 29 (Northern and Eastern Hills Tract). The experiment was designed on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experiment had three treatments as T1 Control T2 Application of 100% chemical fertilizers on STB (N37 P15 K14 S8 kg ha-1) and T3 Application of 125% chemical fertilizers on STB along with mulch (about 50 kg natural weed per 20 m2 plot) and no mulch conditions. Fertilization under slush-mulch condition had a positive role on the yield of Jhum rice and that of other Jhum crops. Under sole application of fertilizer, the highest grain yield of rice (4.27 t ha-1) was obtained from the application of 125%of RDF on STB, the lowest value (2.65 t ha-1) being noted in control. On the other hand, mulching favored the yield of rice grain, the highest grain yield (4.44 t ha-1) being obtained from the combination of mulching along with the application of fertilizers @ 125%RDF on STB, the lowest grain yield (1.89 t ha-1) was recorded from the absolute control. The yield of jhum other crops also significantly influenced in mulch condition. The negative balance of soil nutrient was increased with the rates of fertilizer application under both mulch and no-mulch conditions.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Antithrombotic Therapy for DVT/PE

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Hyers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Long Term Therapy

SummaryProblems with unfractionated heparin as an antithrombotic have led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Of these, low molecular weight heparin shows great promise and has led to out-patient therapy of DVT/PE in selected patients. Oral anticoagulants remain the choice for long-term therapy. More cost-effective ways to give oral anticoagulants are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document